Mabatire: chipangizo opareshoni, mfundo opaleshoni ndipo chiwembu

magwero Autonomous magetsi ali pakati zoyambitsidwa zothandiza kwa anthu. ndi foni kapena wailesi, kuti mulibe Kodi batire? The chipangizo zipangizo zambiri, komanso zikhalidwe za ntchito si nthawi zonse kupereka okhazikika mphamvu okwanira, choncho zinthu zimenezi mphamvu iliyonse ntchito pafupifupi kulikonse pa dziko lapansi. Patapita nthawi pang'ono oyamba, tiyeni tifike pansi kwa nkhaniyi.

Kodi batire?

M'lingaliro yotakata, mawu amatanthauza chipangizo kuti pansi pa zikhalidwe za ntchito angathe kusunga mtundu uliwonse wa mphamvu, ndi ena - yocheza ndi zosowa anthu.

Mabatire kudziunjikira magetsi ku mphamvu anthu wamba, kenako amupatse ogula zikugwirizana kotero kuti akhoza kuchita ntchito zawo. Choncho, pamene zipangizo ndi zochita kalekale mankhwala pakati pa electrolyte ndi mbale elekitirodi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mamangidwe akupezeka pa gombe, ndipo amene mabatire anapanga. yomanga deta chipangizo amapereka voteji, kawirikawiri 1.2-2 V, amene ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Choncho, kuonjezera ntchito katundu wa mphamvu, ndi ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya intaneti.

Kodi ntchito ndi kumaliseche mabatire?

Data mphamvu kotunga chipangizo imapereka kugwirizana kwa ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Iwo ntchito motere: pamene katundu chikugwirizana ndi maelekitirodi (monga chitsanzo tingaganizire babu kuunika), pali chatsekedwa dera magetsi. Monga umayamba kuyenda kumaliseche panopa. Iwo aumbike mwa kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi, anions ndi cations. mumve zambiri zokhudza momwe ndi chimene chikuchitika, inu mukhoza kudziwa njira chabe chitsanzo.

Tiyeni tinene kuti tili batire kumene elekitirodi zabwino - ndi faifi tambala okusayidi, amene yawonjezedwa graphite kusintha madutsidwe. cadmium chinkhupule ankagwiritsa ntchito pa mbale negative. Choncho, pamene pali kumaliseche, ndi particles wa mpweya yogwira adzamasulidwa ndi kugwera electrolyte lapansi. Choncho iwo m'mimba ali ngati magetsi (monga ma elekitironi). The particles mpweya yogwira akuuzidwa kwa mbale zoipa, kumene oxidized cadmium.

batire kugwira ntchito pa mlandu ndi

Muyenera kusagwirizana katundu pa malo a zipangizo. Iwo anadyetsa, amangoona ndi DC voteji (koma akhoza pulsed, malingana choncho) kuti ndi wamkulu kuposa mtengo wa batire amene anthu mlandu. Komanso, polarity ayenera kukhala yemweyo. Kuti ndi opanda ndipo kuphatikiza osachiritsika a ogula ndi gwero ayenera kufanana. Onani kuti naupereka ayenera adzalandira mphamvu zambiri kuposa batire, kuti asapezeke zotsala za mphamvu ndi kulenga magetsi amene malangizo ndi zosiyana zimatulutsa. Chifukwa, kusintha ndi mankhwala zomwe zidzachitike mu batire la.

Tiyeni tione chitsanzo pa ndime yapita nkhaniyo. Apa elekitirodi zabwino adzakhala ogwira ndi mpweya, ndi zoipa achire cadmium koyera. Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena kuti pa nthawi kulipidwa ndi kukwaniritsa yekha kusintha mankhwala zikuchokera maelekitirodi lapansi. Izi sizikhudza kuti electrolyte lapansi. Koma akhoza asanduke nthunzi, umene kungasokoneze pa moyo batire.

Choncho, ife kuphunzira mfundo za machitidwe a batire iliyonse. Tsopano tiyeni tiphunzire pa ntchito kungathandize kuti muzikhoza awo.

kugwirizana kufanana

Mtengo panopa zimadalira ambiri zinthu. Choyamba pansi kumvetsa kapangidwe zipangizo ntchito ndi miyeso awo. The lalikulu la maelekitirodi a kwambiri, kanjedza panopa iwo akhoza kupirira. Mfundo imeneyi ntchito mogwirizana yomweyi yofanana maselo mabatire. Izi zachitika, ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera phindu pano amene amapita ku katunduyo. Koma nthawi yomweyo zofunika kulera ndi mphamvu gwero.

kugwirizana mndandanda

Ngati tikambirana mabanki amene mabatire, m'pofunika kuti iwo ali, monga ulamuliro, mu nyumba yomweyo. A mtundu wofanana kugwirizana ntchito kuti ntchito yaikulu ndi zochepa mavuto imfa.

Onani ntchito ndondomeko imeneyi mungathe, mfutizo mabatire magalimoto ndi kutsogolera-acid. Akuti mtundu wa ntchito osati chipangizo ya batire la galimoto, ndi chabe njira zambiri kupanga, kodi mtundu wa intaneti. Pankhaniyi, inu adzaonetsetsa kuti palibe kukhudzana zitsulo, ndipo panali odalirika galvanic kugwirizana kudzera electrolyte lapansi. Koma izi zokha bwino poyerekezera ndi mtundu uwu. Nthawi zina zosiyana akonzedwa ntchito idzachitike kugwirizana.

Mitundu ya mabatire

Amasiyana chifukwa cha cholinga chawo, mwayi ndi kukhazikitsa zakuthupi. Pa nthawi, kusindikiza ano katswiri kupanga mitundu oposa khumi ndi atatu, amene amasiyana zikuchokera maelekitirodi ndi electrolyte ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Li-ion mabatire akhoza kudzitama za banja la 12 zitsanzo odziwika. Salembedwa amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu zotsatirazi:

1. Kukuthandiza-acid.
2. Lifiyamu.
3. Faifi tambala-cadmium mabatire.

Izi oimira otchuka. Koma kumvetsa mwayi timapereka kuti ayanjane ndi mndandanda wa katundu amene atha kutumikira ngati maelekitirodi:

• chitsulo;
• atitsogolere;
• titaniyamu;
• lifiyamu;
• cadmium;
• cobalt;
• faifi tambala;
• nthaka;
• vanadium;
• siliva;
• zotayidwa;
• ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu zina zimene Komabe, n'zochepa kwambiri.

Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokhudza makhalidwe linanena bungwe analandira ndipo potsatira pa ukulu. Mwachitsanzo, mabatire Li-ion ntchito kompyuta ndi mafoni zipangizo. Ngakhale faifi tambala-cadmium ntchito monga m'malo ochiritsira maselo electrochemical. Theoretically, mitundu yonse ya mabatire ungatithandizire ndi katundu aliyense. Koma funso nali, kodi wolungamitsidwa ndi ntchito zoterezi.

Features Ofunika

Taona kale kuti mabatire amenewa, chipangizo cha nyumba kumene iwo anapanga. Tsopano tiyeni tione zimene zimakhudza ntchito zawo. Chofunika kwa ife ndi makhalidwe ati:

1. Kachulukidwe otchedwa khalidwe kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero mphamvu voliyumu kapena kulemera kwa batire la.
2. Zimatanthauza mphamvu pazipita phindu batire kuti angapereke pa kumaliseche ndondomeko mpaka voteji kuthungo. chithunzi imeneyi yafotokozedwera ampere-maola kapena coulombs. Lusoli amasonyeza mphamvu mphamvu. Iwo amayezedwa Watt-maola kapena Joules. Vuto la chidebe ngati - kukanena kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yopatsidwa pa kumaliseche mpaka osachepera voteji zovomerezeka.
3. Kutentha mode amakhudza katundu magetsi a batire la. Pamene pali kupatuka lalikulu kwa analimbikitsa opaleshoni osiyanasiyana Mlengi, pali mkulu Mwina wa magetsi kulephera. Ichi ndi chifukwa ozizira ndi kutentha bwanji mlingo wa zochita mankhwala, komanso kuthamanga mkati.
4. Zimatanthauza kudzimvera kumaliseche mphamvu imfa zimachitika pambuyo batire pamene palibe katundu pa malo a. Mu njira zambiri, chithunzi ichi zimadalira Baibulo ndipo akhoza ziwonjezeke ngati kutchinjiriza osauka.

Awa ndi makhalidwe a batire ndi kupereka chidwi kwambiri kwa ife. Kumene, ngati inu muyenera kuchita chinthu chatsopano ndipo ine ndekha, poyamba zobisika, ndiponso mungafunike chinthu china. Koma izi n'zokayikitsa kwambiri.

maelekitirodi chipangizo

Mwachitsanzo, timatenga mbale patsogolo. Ngakhale kale. Modern mbale zopangidwa aloyi kutsogolera-calcium. Izi amakwaniritsa mlingo wochepa wodzilamulira kumaliseche batire (50% mphamvu atayika kwa miyezi 18). Njirayi imaperekanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mouma (1 galamu pa ampere maola).

Mungathe kukumana ndi hybrid kumanga kumene, popanda kutsogolera anawonjezera kwa elekitirodi zabwino antimony, ndi mu mthunzi - calcium. Komabe, mu Zikatero, pali kochulukira mowa madzi. Kuonjezera kukana kuti njira dzimbiri, kuwonjezera malata kapena siliva.

Maelekitirodi anapangana ndi dongosolo latisi wa yogwira zikuchokera lokutidwa wosanjikiza. Mfundo ntchito batire makamaka zimadalira zimene zakuthupi ntchito zipangizo. Tikambirana patsogolo, amene kophweka, koma kuganizira iwo nthawi zonse osati amalangiza.

electrolyte

Tikambirana yemweyo mabatire onse kutsogolera-acid. Monga electrolyte imene iwo anayikidwa, nthawi zambiri amachita asidi sulfuric. Iwo ali osalimba yapadera yomwe siyana malingana ndi msinkhu batire. Pankhaniyi, mfundo: zazikulu, ndi apamwamba. M'kupita kwa nthawi, electrolyte ukuphwera, ndi luso batire amachepetsa. Zachisangalalo bwanji ntchito inayake (zoletsedwa ndi malamulo chitetezo). Batire electrolyte angakhale mitundu iwiri:

• madzi;
• mu mawonekedwe a zipangizo impregnated wapadera.

Pa nthawi, kwambiri zofala yoyamba.

mabatire opaleshoni

Ntchito mabatire rechargeable Tingaone kulikonse. Ganizilani foni kapena yanu yam'manja mphamvu uninterruptible katundu kompyuta. Mu tochi wamba angaperekedwe chitsanzo (ziwembu ano ayamba chopangidwa ndi anamanga-mu batire rechargeable ndipo si cholinga maselo galvanic). Ndipo magalimoto? Systems la "kusiya-chiyambi" ndi regenerative braking ndi ntchito mabatire, ndipo iwo amaika zofuna wapatali likuyamba panopa, kwambiri kumaliseche ndi durability. Monga mukuonera, popanda katundu awa mphamvu zovuta kuchita mu moyo masiku ano aliyense.

Chiwembu cha yomanga batire la

Takambirana mfundo zikuluzikulu zipangizozi. Tiyeni ngakhale khutu ku malingaliro monga dera batire. Ndithudi, mu chimango cha nkhani pa iye zapitazi, okha m'kupita. Battery chiwembu panopa, malinga ndi mbiri, unkakhazikitsidwa ndi French sayansi Gaston Plante. M'dera la analenga kuposa mamita 10 lalikulu! mabatire ano, kwenikweni basi achepetsa ndi pang'ono yomalizidwa magazini a batire lake. Kuonekera kwa anthu amafotokozera mlandu yekha. Imakhala commonality ndi structural kukhulupirika.