Machitidwe wotchuka Seva opaleshoni

Server opaleshoni dongosolo monga momwe tikuonera bwino dzina, ndi wrapper chachikulu kugwirizana pakati pa pulogalamu chapakati kapena fimuweya, hardware LAN kapena WAN ndi malo kasitomala mwana. Kumvetsetsa akuti ali ndi kutanthauzira timapangira, kotero ndi ofunika kuunikila ena a nkhani ongolankhula ndi othandiza. Pa wamng'ono kwambiri, muyenera kupeza cholinga cha dongosolo Seva opaleshoni, komanso mbali zina za unsembe wake ndi ntchito mchitidwe. Ogwiritsa amene amakhulupirira kuti nkhani zikugwirizanirana kukayankha mwayi wapadera a dongosolo oyang'anira ayenera yomweyo kupereka malangizo pang'ono: mulibe mantha, ndipo mudzatha kukhazikitsa ndi sintha okha. njira izi si monga zovuta monga Zingaoneke koyamba. Koma ayenera kaye zina ongolankhula.

Server opaleshoni dongosolo: ndichiyani?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chakuti mapulogalamu. Ndipotu okha zikugwira ntchito mtundu uwu ntchito mwapadera mu Intaneti wamba kapena pafupifupi pamene pali nambala iliyonse ya malo mwana.

Seva opaleshoni dongosolo akhoza kuikidwa m'njira ziwiri, koma magwiridwe a iwo ali amodzi - kuonetsetsa uziyenda ntchito mfundo maukonde ndi interoperability wa malo olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake. Choncho, tikulankhula za magulu me kupeza ufulu ina chida, gwero kapena chikalata.

Features ntchito yomanga machitidwe opaleshoni Seva

Kumbali ya unsembe, Seva opaleshoni dongosolo ayenera kuganizira mtundu wa makompyuta kaphatikizidwe dera mu maukonde limodzi. Izi otchedwa maukonde mtunda.

Chiwembu akadakwanitsira kuti izi kuziona ngati "nyenyezi" ndi ena ofanana ofotokoza. Pali angagwiritsidwe ntchito luso wakuda ndi kasitomala woonda, pamene khazikitsa Seva opaleshoni dongosolo adzapatsidwa chokhazikika pa kompyuta chapakati, amene amathandiza ntchito zonse za makina ena ndi mapulogalamu ofanana pamene otsitsira Os pa maukonde, kapena pali unsembe tsankho la bulanchi zikugwira ntchito dongosolo zigawo zikuluzikulu pa malo maukonde. Si mfundo.

Ndipo Chofunika cholinga chachikulu cha opaleshoni dongosolo Seva Zoonadi kuonetsetsa kubaba makina onse pa maukonde ndi anaika mapulogalamu, kuphatikiza - kudziletsa mwa mawu ka malo m'dera ndipo maukonde wonse.

Ngakhale ntchito Intaneti Masewero ano amafuna Os unsembe pa makina chapakati. Ambiri akhoza kusagwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi, popeza kuti nyumba akayakaya akhoza kupita masewera malo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse. Izi si choncho. chakuti kompyuta kunyumba akadali chikugwirizana ndi masewera Seva, ndi katundu kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta mphamvu pa kompyuta m'dera apuma pa izo pang'ono chabe (zikuluzikulu akadali anapanga kwa Seva chapakati ndi masewera kasitomala akhoza pang'ono katunduyo makina, ndi umene mwayi kuyesa).

makonzedwe mlingo

The mlingo zotsatirazi kachitidwe Seva opaleshoni ayenera kukhala olondola kotheratu. Vuto ndi lakuti anthu machitidwe zikugwira ntchito kuti zimasintha ndi ntchito infrequently kwambiri, ena zovuta kukhazikitsa. Ambiri, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha muyezo, inu mosavuta kusintha zonse zoyambirira mndandanda

Komabe, mwa onse Os alipo wotchuka kwambiri ndi zotsatirazi:

• Free BSD.
• Windows Server (Windows Server banja la machitidwe opaleshoni zochokera NT, 2003, 2008 R2, 2012 ndipo pamwamba).
• CentOS.
• Debian.
• Red Chipewa ogwira Linux.
• Ubuntu yawonongeka.
• Gentoo.
• Fedora.
• Os X yawonongeka.
• OpebBSD.
• Solaris.
• HP-UX.
• AIX (IBM).
• Netware (buku).

Ndizosachita kunena kuti malo oyamba ndi otsiriza sipakhala, ndi amaonetsera mndandanda wa kachitidwe wotchuka Seva. Komanso, ena a iwo liyankhidwe yochepa buku la za zizindikiro zawo, ubwino ndi kuipa.

ufulu BSD

Os Izi ngakhale dongosolo wotchuka Koma kwadzaoneni ukalamba ndi kutaya masanjidwe dziko mawu a ntchito ndi wopindula.

The vuto lalikulu kwagona kuti opaleshoni dongosolo anayamba kupanga mankhwala ochepa kwambiri pulogalamu mu mawonekedwe a ntchito malonda amene akhoza ntchito pa maziko a nsanja zake. Koma mwayi undoubted ndi kuthekera kuchunidwa bwino ngale ndi kupezeka kwa zida zamphamvu ntchito ndi kukumbukira, osanenapo dongosolo Ine / O.

CentOS

Ndi Seva opaleshoni dongosolo ndi pafupifupi analogi wa Red Chipewa Komabe, wandipitirira mawu thandizo.

Ubwino wake ndi dongosolo ali ndi ndalama zokwanira liwiro phukusi bwana, komanso pafupifupi ukonde kuchititsa Control gulu.

Debian

dongosolo Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nthambi za Linux. Ndi ichi opaleshoni dongosolo ambiri anayala chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zawo.

Iwo amakhulupirira kuti khola kwambiri kachitidwe zonse zilipo ndipo mu phukusi unsembe pamodzi ndi KDE ndi GNOME mulinso yogawa ofesi LibreOffice. Komanso, pa unsembe wa Os sayenera nkhawa khazikitsa zina zomvetsera ndi kanema codecs ndi decoders, ngati iwo ali mu phukusi.

Red Chipewa ogwira Linux

Kutchuka kwa dongosolo lino bwino akhoza ayi. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati odalirika kampani Os ndi zotsatira zonse zotsatira.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti ngakhale ambiri kuphana katundu dziko ntchito dongosolo makamaka kwa gulu la ntchito zawo. Pano mukhoza amatchulanso mabungwe a zachuma komanso makampani kutumiza mauthenga ndi makanema ojambula situdiyo. The zoipa okha pa pluses onse - mwachilungamo kukwera mtengo.

Ubuntu

Wina kukoma kwa Linux (kapena machitidwe kani, UNIX ngati), amene akhazikika mu masanjidwe.

Ngakhale ntchito makamaka nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi makompyuta kunyumba Komabe, akukhulupirira kukhala kunyumba Seva (ngati wosuta movutikira mwayi chuma), Os izi ndi zabwino yosayenera. Mfundo dongosolo ndi ofanana kwambiri kwa Debian Koma mosiyana ndi kholo, mu dongosolo, gwero malamulo pang'ono redesigned.

Gentoo

Pamaso pathu ndi kusinthidwa wina wa Linux. nsanja iyi ndi chidwi kuti zikhale zochokera lotseguka gwero kachidindo ntchito chiphaso GNU.

Ndi mtendere wa ntchito palibe vuto. Koma apa, monga taonera ndi akatswiri ambiri, dongosolo chitetezo akuvutika pang'ono. Ngakhale ndi ntchito kwa nyali mitsempha mu dongosolo ndi wapezeka mabowo chitetezo.

Solaris

Solaris, ndi imodzi ya mtundu asonyeza kachitidwe opaleshoni Seva kuti munapitako anayamba konse.

Koma zimene kunena? Munthu akhoza kungowauzira kuyang'ana pa mphamvu zake. Os Izi amathandiza bwanji 576 GB wa "RAM" thupi, biliyoni 4 kugwirizana network angakhale naco lotseguka malo maukonde miliyoni misonkhano imodzi akuthamanga ndi njira, komanso. Ndipo izo zonse si ...

OpenBSD

dongosolo, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ambiri, ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Mwina liwiro ndipo si monga mkulu monga kuti ena Linux kapena UNIX Mabaibulo, koma ngati inu kuphunzira mmene ntchito izo, kuoneka ambiri njira chidwi kwambiri ngakhale kuyerekeza ndi otchuka Windows kachitidwe-.

Unsembe ndi pang'ono lachinyengo ntchito ndi khwekhwe - kwambiri. Koma pa chikhalidwe chimenecho wosuta ali osachepera pang'ono bwino kachitidwe opaleshoni ya mtundu umenewu, ntchito mzere lamulo makamaka zovuta zisamatero.

Windows Server (2008 R2)

Pomaliza, taganizirani dongosolo Seva opaleshoni Windows. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ngakhale kutchuka Mabaibulo a kompyuta, njira izi sanalandire yogawa wapadera mu dziko. Vuto ofunika kwambiri kuti machitidwe Seva opaleshoni ya Windows, kuchokera zosintha NT osati ndi njira yofunika ya chitetezo.

Ndipo anazindikira mwa akatswiri onse m'munda wa kachitidwe kasamalidwe ka mtundu umenewu. Mwachitsanzo, antivayirasi Seva kwa Mawindo 7 opaleshoni dongosolo ayenera kuikidwa salephera. Chifukwa kuukira posachedwapa owononga, amene umalimbana makamaka ndi pa kompyuta imene amagwiritsa ntchito Baibulo chiwiri wa Windows (osanenapo yaitali bwanji kukhazikitsa zosiyanasiyana zosintha amene anayenera kuteteza zochita za HIV), yemweyo anamanga-mu utumiki Woteteza (kapena Microsoft zofunikira) maudindo awo sangathe kupirira.

Kugwiritsira Windows machitidwe Seva opaleshoni, ndithudi, simplistic kuti mantha. Mwachitsanzo, simuyenera kukhala onse odziwa woyang'anira dongosolo kuti reassign IP, kusintha DNS kapena zoikamo tidzakulowereni kukhazikitsa kugwirizana ndi osachiritsika mwana maukonde kapena ikukweza kudzera kutsatira kanthu kupyolera RDP-kasitomala. Nthawi zina ngakhale kugwirizana anamanga-kuyamba-mmwamba diagnostics maukonde, ndiyeno inu mudzalandira zidziwitso za vuto kapena kulakwitsa, ngati, mu dongosolo apo.

Onse a ndalama pa kusaka Mwachitsanzo, pa makina, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo kutonthoza ndi kuchotsa DNS posungira, kapena bwererani zoikamo wamba IP-kasinthidwe.

Mwachitsanzo, malamulo analowa mu kutonthoza ungaoneke ngati izi:

• ipconfig / flushdns,
• ipconfig / registerdns,
• ipconfig / adzikonzenso,
• ipconfig / kumasulidwa.

Dziwani izi: mzere lamulo ndi malamulo a mtundu Amachitanso bwino nkotheka mavuto pa ma PC mwana wosuta ndi maseva.

Kodi zotsatira zake?

The linanena bungwe lalikulu Tingaone kuti, mwatsoka, Windows-dongosolo ndipo kwambiri pa zinthu zinalengedwa mwa Microsoft poyerekeza UNIX-machitidwe ndi miyambo ina yofanana Linux ofotokoza wa zimene iwo, ndi bwino kutaya. Os chomwecho ndi FreeBSD ndi unsembe ndi kasinthidwe zambiri kusintha, osanenapo chakuti izo zimatetezedwa ndi lathunthu kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a kusinthidwa kwa lotseguka gwero malamulo aliyense akhoza kusintha kapena kusintha. Kwenikweni, iwo anapempha funsolo: "Kodi wanji?". Perekani chilichonse mabungwe sindikufuna, koma thunthu ndi kwa gulu la pa Intaneti m'dera pogwiritsa ntchito makina chapakati ndi bwino kupereka mmalo ankagwira ntchito pa maziko a UNIX (Linux), osati Windows. Ndipo mtengo, ndi kosavuta, ndi otetezeka. Komabe, mapulogalamuwanso anazolowera kukhala mawonekedwe ndi malamulo a Windows kachitidwe-, envelopu zingaoneke, kuziyika izo modekha, sizoonekeratu kwathunthu. Komabe, kulimbana ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito sikungathetseretu. Koma ndi kasinthidwe pang'ono n'kofunika tinker (komanso popanda izo?).

Poyankha, tisaiwale kuti si machitidwe onse amakono opaleshoni akwaniritsa zofunikira za masiku ano, ngakhale ali ndi kuthekera ndithu zabwino chitukuko ndi wamakono. Kwenikweni za FreeBSD, zomwe zingachitike mwatsoka, si zoyembekezeka, ngakhale ubwino onse. Kutukula chabe anayika mtanda pa izo. Koma machitidwe ena musalekane kumbuyo. Choncho, posachedwapa tingayembekeze ndi Baibulo kusinthidwa wa Windows 10, lomwe kale Chili magwiridwe ndi yosasuntha, ndi chitsanzo Seva (pambuyo muyezo unsembe Seva zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu pulayimale). Ngakhale makasitomala zina mulibe kukhazikitsa. Chakwanira kugwiritsa ntchito chimodzi mwa zigawo mu Os ndi BIOS khwekhwe (Hyper-V ndi gawo yemweyo kuti akonze makina pafupifupi). Ndi iye mu nkhani za Kugawilidwa kwanthaka chuma pakati pa zikugwirizana malo Seva Os mwachidule "ntchentche".