Hazel - kodi shrub kapena mtengo? Kufotokozera za hazel ndi zithunzi

Mbadwa ya ku Asia Minor, hazel (hazel) imafalikira pakati pa Ulaya, nkhalango za Caucasus, America ndi Canada. Yemwe akuyimira banja la Birch, chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwakukulu ndi kukongoletsa kwambiri, kwa nthawi yaitali wapambana ulemu wa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yambiri, yomwe imadziwika kuti hazelnuts, imakula malonda m'madera akummwera. Mphepete zakutchire zimapezeka m'nkhalango za Kumwera kwa Urals ndi chigawo cha Perm, mapiri a Caucasus. Lero, tiyeni tiyankhule za tanthauzo lanji, kodi ndi shrub kapena mtengo, umakula bwanji ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito? Timaphunzira za mitundu ndi zogawidwa za zomera izi padziko lapansi, zazing'ono za kusamalira izo, kukulitsa zokolola zake ndi makhalidwe okongoletsa.

Hazel: Kodi ndi shrub kapena mtengo?

Hazel imagwirizanitsa mtundu wa zitsamba zamkuntho, koma pakati pa mitundu yoposa 20 ya oimirapo pali mitengo. Mwachitsanzo, nthiti ya chimbalangondo, yomwe mawu ake adzapitirira, ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mtengo, wochepa komanso wamtali, wokongola kwambiri. Koma mitundu yambiri ya hazeliti ikadali zitsamba, zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe obiriwira m'nkhalango zazikulu. Mtengo wodalirika komanso wamtengo wapatali wa nkhalango ndi nkhalango ya hazel, kapena nkhalango yofala. Mbiri ya kutuluka kwa mawu akuti "hazel" ndi chidwi. Dzina loyambirira la Chirasha linachokera kuzindikirika mofanana ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba lachitsamba ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la nsomba ya bream, yomwe idadziwika kuyambira kalelo kwa Rusich yemwe amapereka chakudya.

Kodi mchenga umawoneka bwanji?

Mitengo yambiri ya mitengo ya hazel imatchula zitsamba zosakanikirana ndi masamba akuluakulu ozungulira omwe ali okongola kwambiri. Leshchina imakhudza nthaka yofunda, yotentha kwambiri ya nkhalango, ndipo imakhala pamodzi ndi anthu awo osatha: maoliki, mapiri, mapulo, omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwake ndipo nthawi zambiri amapanga khoma lolimba. Mitundu yakutchire ya hazel ndi nthambi zamtundu wa zitsamba zomwe zimayambira ku rhizome. Mu msinkhu, amafika mamita 3-5. Chitsamba chikhoza kukula vegetatively (zitsime ndi cuttings) kapena mbewu - mtedza. Yambani kubala chipatso kwa zaka 6-7 ndi kubereka mbewu, kwa chaka chachinayi - ndi kubereka mbeu. M'chilimwe chitsamba cha hazel chimawoneka mosavuta pa masamba omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ophimba ndipo amakomedwa m'mphepete mwa timitsempha tating'onoting'onoting'onoting'ono ndi timene tating'ono. Tsamba la hazel lili ndi maonekedwe okhwima pang'ono mpaka kukhudza.

Kawirikawiri, chikhalidwe cha mtengo wa hazeliti ndi shrub ya mamita asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu kutalika kwake, ngakhale ndi makungwa, omwe amasiyana ndi mtundu wa grayish kupita ku toroti. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zojambulidwa mu zingwe zobiriwira, zojambulidwa ndi zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono zachikasu. Maonekedwe aang'ono omwe amawoneka ndi ofanana ndi laimu akuwombera, amasiyanasiyana kokha ndi pubescence. Sikovuta kusakaniza mphukira za nkhwangwa ndi elm. Ndipo masamba ndi makungwa a iwo ali ofanana kwambiri mu mtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Koma pali kusiyana. Mbalameyi, ngati mtengo weniweni, nthawi zonse imakhala ndi thunthu limodzi, ndipo kukula kwa mchenga kuli zambiri, zomwe zimakhala zitsamba. Kuwonjezera apo, hazelnut imakhala ndi impso zobiriwira zakuda, pamene elm ili ndi ubweya wofiirira ndipo imaloza mitsempha.

Zizindikiro za malingaliro

Hazel - shrub kapena mtengo wa zomera za monoecious, koma ndi mapangidwe osiyana a maluwa amphongo ndi azimayi mumtundu womwewo. Maluwa amphongo amatha kusonkhanitsa ndi zofewa zofewa, zofanana ndi birch kapena alder ndolo. Bzalidwa mu June-July, m'dzinja iwo amawonekeratu bwino ndipo amasungunuka kumayambiriro kwa masika, mwamsanga pamene chomera chimawombera. Mphepo imanyamula ndikutulutsa mungu.

Mazimayi operewera amakhala osadziwika. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, ophwanyidwa mwamphamvu, zimakhala mkati mwa mphukira yapadera, yomwe inapangidwanso nyengo yapitayi. Pakati pa maluwa a masamba omwe akuphimba mapuloteniwo amachoka padera, kukulolani kuti mupeze mungu, wonyamulidwa ndi mphepo, mtolo wa zolaula zofiira.

Mitundu ya hazel

Mitundu ya hazel, yomwe ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20, imayimilidwa ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Zonsezi ndi zosiyana, koma mitundu yambiri imasiyana ndi kutentha kwa chisanu ndi moyo. Nkhonoyi ndi yopanda ulemu, imakula pa dothi losiyana, koma imapanga bwino kwambiri ndipo imakula pamtunda wochuluka. Mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, hazel (shrub kapena mtengo uwu) ndi wodetsedwa, koma safuna madzi ochulukirapo. Pachimake chake, amatha kulekerera pang'ono, koma m'madera otseguka a dzuwa, kukongoletsa ndi zokolola za hazelnut ndizopamwamba kwambiri. Nazi mitundu ina ya hazelisi.

Kazidzidzidzi wamba

Mitunduyi imayimiridwa ndi shrub yaikulu yamtundu wa mamita 4-6 m'litali ndi korona yaikulu. Mbali yapadera ya mitunduyo ndi maluwa a zomerazo musanatuluke masamba. Ndicho chifukwa chake njuchi zimakhala ngati khungu. Nsomba za golide za golide, zikuwonekera kale kwambiri pamaso pa maluwa aakulu ndi zitsamba, kuthandiza njuchi kubwezeretsa mphamvu pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira. Masamba a hazelnut ndi matte-wobiriwira, kumbuyo kumakhala kowala, m'dzinja amatha kutembenukira chikasu. Kukula kwa ntchentche sikuli kofanana. M'zaka zoyambirira izo zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Pa chaka cha 5-6, chimakula bwino, kupanga mphukira zambiri zazing'ono. Mwachilengedwe, mtedza wa nkhono umapezeka m'dera lonse la Ulaya la Russia ndi peninsula ya Crimea, Western Europe ndi Caucasus.

Ikani mtedza, kapena mtengo wa hazelnut

Nkhumba ya mtedza ndi woimira mitengo ngati ya mtengo, yomwe imachotsedwa mu njira yamba ya shrubby-congeners. Ili ndi mtengo wokhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 15-20 ndi korona wa mamita 6-8, omwe ali ndi thunthu labwino kwambiri, lokongola.

Korona wamtengo wapatali kwambiri wamtengo wapatali ndi wosiyana ndi korona ya mitundu ina ya masamba obiriwira a mdima wandiweyani, ukuphuka kwambiri kwambiri ndipo nthambi zake zimatha. Mtengo wa hazeliti ndi mtengo wokhala ndi makungwa ofiira oyera, kusiya masamba ochepa. Nkhumba yamera imakula msanga, mthunzi wolekerera komanso wosagwedeza chisanu, sichimawopa chilala, koma imakula bwino pa nthaka ya humus. Zipatso - mtedza wa mtundu wapadera, wokhala ndi wrapper wofatsa, kudula mu magawo ofooka. Mtengo wa hazelisi ndi mtengo wosawerengeka, ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe chawo sichikudziwika bwino: chimasintha mosavuta, kuyembekezera kwa moyo wake kufikira zaka 200, kumabereka ndi zigawo ndi mbewu. Mtengo wa hazel ndi mtengo umene umapezeka ku Caucasus ndi ku Balkan, ku Asia Minor. Mng'alu ngati mtengo ndi mlendo wamba omwe ali m'nkhalango zamapiri. Ku Russia, chikhalidwe chimatetezedwa m'mabungwe. Nkhumba zonyamulira ndi zokongoletsera, zoyenerera bwino pamisewu yokongoletsera ndi njira, zimagwira ntchito mwakhama.

Nkhumba yambiri (yaikulu hazel)

Mbalame zazikulu zapamwamba, zitsamba zokhala ndi nthambi zowongoka kwambiri za imvi, kukula mamita 10 mu msinkhu. Masambawa ndi ozungulira ndipo akugwedeza pamphepete. Nkhumba yochuluka - chikhalidwe ndi thermophilic, nyengo yozizira hardiness ndi yochepa. Kuyambira nthawi zakale, kulimbikitsidwa ngati mtengo wa mtedza, nkhono zikuluzikulu ku Balkan ndi Asia Minor.

Chitsamba chimapanga mphukira yambiri yomwe imatulutsa maluwa. Masamba a chikhalidwechi ndi ovundala, pafupifupi kuzungulira 10-12 masentimita awiri, pamtunda wooneka ngati wa mtima, kumatha ndi pang'ono ndi lakuthwa. Kukongoletsa kwakukulu ndi mphete zamphongo za amuna, kufika pa masentimita khumi. Zipatso zimapanga rosettes, zomwe zimatha kukhala zidutswa 8, zotetezedwa ndi fluffy tubular wrapper.

Nkhumba yamakono ndi kholo la miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha nkhono, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri pa mafakitale. Zimapindulitsa kwambiri pa dothi lachonde, lopanda mpweya ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo ngati shrub yokongoletsera.

Mtundu wa Redwood wa hazel

Mitundu yotereyi imakhala yothandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wodabwitsa wa masambawo ndipo imayimira mitsinje yambiri, mpaka kufika mamita 4) ndi masamba akuluakulu ofiirira, zipatso zofiira ndi zipatso za mtedza, zojambula muzithunzi za pinki. Chimake chofiira kwambiri ndi chokongola kwambiri. Koma iye ali kummwera kwenikweni, ndipo nyengo yovuta kwambiri ya miyendo yabwino ya Russia imakhala yowopsya kwa mitundu iyi ya hazel. Komabe, kutentha kwa dzinja kumapereka zotsatira zabwino: chomera chimapulumuka, koma sichimasintha ndipo sichibala zipatso. Kuchokera kumbuyo kokha kukongoletsa ntchito, kumapanga pa malo osakanikirana.

Manchu akudandaula

Manchurian amadziwika kwambiri ndipo amapezeka m'madera akutali kwambiri, ku Farmouth, ku Korea, ndi kumpoto kwa China. Ndi shrub mpaka mamita 4-5 mamita ndi mphukira zambiri za nthambi. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha machiritso a zipatso ndi zokongoletsera: makungwa a thotho zofiirira, masamba amtundu wotsika kwambiri, masamba obiriwira otentha, kutenga kuwala kowala lalanje kapena maonekedwe abwino a golidi m'dzinja. Zipatso za nkhono za Manchurian ndi nthiti yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala a Chitchaina chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino odana ndi kutupa.

Hazelnut chitumbuwa

Shrub, kufika mamita atatu kutalika, ndi chitsulo, choyala korona. Hazelnut chitumbuwa chimakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa chosintha mtundu wa masamba a masamba. Masamba ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, obovate ochulukirapo amakhala ndi mapiritsi atatu pamwamba pa mapulaneti omwe amatha kusungunuka, amakhala ndi matalala a mdima wobiriwira, komanso mapale a golidi a golidi amapanga timadzi timeneti tambirimbiri. Mitundu yambiri ya hazelnut imalekerera ngakhale chilala chambiri, ndi yosagonjetsa chisanu, ndipo imakhala ndi zipatso zochulukirapo. Wokonda kuwala, koma mthunzi wina umalekerera mwakachetechete. Kufalitsa kwalandidwa kummawa kwa Siberia, ku Asia, kumadera akutali kwambiri a Russia. Zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zapine, kuphatikizapo mphete, kugwa, pamapiri a mapiri, kupanga mapulaneti osatheka.

Chamomile Hornet

Chitsulo chosasunthika chamadzimadzi chosapitirira mamita atatu m'kukwera chinatchulidwa dzina lokhala ndi chingwe chamkati cha chipatso, kuchikulunga ndikuzungulira mu chubu chofanana ndi nyanga yaing'ono. Pa miyendo ya pubescent muli zipatso zosakwatiwa kapena zowerengeka. Mtedza ndi zazikulu (mpaka 1.5 masentimita), amadya, koma amalekanitsidwa bwino ndi wrapper. Mtundu wosasuntha ndi wodzichepetsa.

Zimalimbikitsidwa kuyambira mu 1745. Mu chilengedwe, chomeracho chikugawidwa kummawa kwa North America.

Ntchito

Hazel ndi yokongola ngati chomera chokongola. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitsinje ndi makoma. Koma kumadera akum'mwera, hazelnut imakula ngati chakudya. Nkhono za Walnut zimakhala ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi: mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, pafupifupi magulu onse a mavitamini, komanso macro-microelements angapo komanso mankhwala awo apadera. M'makampani ogulitsa, mtedza umawoneka wotchuka chifukwa cha zakudya zamtengo wapatali komanso kukoma kwake. Ndikofunika kwambiri popanga confectionery ndi maswiti amtundu uliwonse, amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kudzaza popanga chokoleti, creams, glaze ndi caramel. Mafinya onse owuma amadzikonda kwambiri.

Mitundu ya zomera zakutchire (zakutchire ndi zolima) zimakhala ndi makhalidwe okongola kwambiri ndipo zimapatsidwa zipatso zokoma ndi zowona.