Macromir ndi chiyani?

Chilengedwe chathu chagawidwa ndi munthu mu zigawo zosiyanasiyana za choonadi chenicheni, chogawidwa ku maiko ambiri. Kuti mumve mosavuta, ndi mwambo kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro monga megamir, macrocosm ndi microcosm.

Kuti mumvetse tanthauzo la mawu awa, nkofunikira kutanthauzira mawu m'mawu omwe timamvetsa. , что обозначает "большой". Mawu akuti "mega" amachokera ku Greek μέγας , zomwe zikutanthauza "zazikulu". Macro - potembenuza kuchokera ku Greek μάκρος (macro) - "yaikulu", "yaitali". Micro - imachokera ku Greek μικρός ndipo amatanthauza "yaing'ono".

Dziko losiyana la kulingalira

Megamir ikuphatikizapo zinthu zakuthambo. Mwachitsanzo: mlalang'amba, dzuwa, ma nebula.

The macrocosm ndi malo osadziwika, ooneka bwino komanso owonetseredwa ndi njira zachirengedwe. Kumene tingathe kuwona, yang'anani zinthu zofanana: galimoto, mtengo, miyala. Ilinso ndi malingaliro odziwa monga yachiwiri, miniti, tsiku, chaka. Kutanthauzira mwanjira yina, tingathe kunena kuti macrocosm ndidziko lopanda munthu.

Pali tanthauzo lachiwiri. Macromir ndi dziko limene tinkakhalamo tisanafike fizikiki ya quantum. Ndi kutuluka kwa chidziwitso chatsopano ndi kumvetsetsa za kapangidwe ka nkhani, kusiyana pakati pa macrocosm ndi microcosm zakhala zikuchitika.

Quantum physics yathandiza anthu kukhala ndi maganizo atsopano pa dziko lapansi komanso mbali zake. Zakhazikitsidwa ndi matanthawuzo angapo, kutanthawuza kuti zinthu ndi chikhalidwe cha micro-ndi macrocosm.

Tsatanetsatane wa zinthu zazing'ono zimaphatikizapo zonse zomwe ziri pa atomuki ndi chiwerengero cha subatomic. Kuwonjezera pa kukula kwake, chigawo ichi cha chowonadi chokhazikika chiri ndi malamulo osiyana siyana a fizikiya ndi filosofi ya kumvetsetsa kwake.

Kulungama kapena mafunde?

Awa ndi malo omwe malamulo omwe ali oyenera kwa ife akuchotsedwa ntchito iliyonse. Zomwe zimayambira pazigawozi zimangokhala ngati mawonekedwe. Pofufuza zonena za asayansi ena kuti gawo ili la dziko lapansi ndilolumikizidwa m'chigwirizano (mukutanthauzira amatanthawuza "tinthu") mawonetseredwe a zigawo zapachiyambi, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti sipangakhale masomphenya osadziwika pankhaniyi.

Mpaka ndithu, iwo ali olondola, kuchokera ku malo a macrocosm. Pokhala ndi wowonerera, iwo amakhala ngati tinthu. Popanda khalidwe lawo amawomba.

Zoona, gawo la microworld limaimiridwa ndi mafunde amphamvu, okwezedwa mu mphete ndi mizimu. Ponena za malo omwe timakonda kumvetsetsa, zinthu za macrocosm zimayimilidwa mwa mawonekedwe a zinthu (zinthu, zinthu) zigawo ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.

Maiko asanu osiyana

Kwa lero, pali mitundu isanu ya dziko lathu, kuphatikizapo zitatu zomwe tatchulidwa kale (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri). Tiyeni tikambirane mozama kwambiri mbali zonse za cholinga chathu.

Hypermir

Yoyamba ndi dziko la hypermir, koma pakali pano palibe umboni weniweni wokhalapo. Zimangoganiza kuti zimakhala ndi maiko ambiri.

Megamir

Kenaka taganizirani megamir yomwe yatchulidwa kale. Megalaxies, nyenyezi, mapulaneti, mapulaneti, ma satellites a ma stellar systems, comets, meteorites, asteroids, malo osiyana siyana ndi "mdima ndi zinthu zake" zimene zangotengedwa posachedwapa zimatengedwa kukhala zake.

Dera laling'ono lingakhoze kuwerengedwa mu magawo a zakuthambo, zaka zowala ndi parsecs. Nthawi ili mu mamiliyoni ndi mabiliyoni a zaka. Mphamvu yaikulu ndi mtundu wogwirizana.

Macromir

Dziko lachitatu ndilo gawo lenileni la dziko limene munthu alipo. Momwe mumalongosolera lingaliro la "dziko lalikulu" ndi kusiyana kwake kuchokera ku zigawo zina za chilengedwe sivuta. Palibe chifukwa chovutikira ndi kumvetsa kwanu. Yang'anani mozungulira, macrocosm ndi chirichonse chimene iwe ukuchiwona, ndi chirichonse chimene chikukuzungulira iwe. Mu gawo lathu la chowonadi chenicheni pali zinthu zonse ndi mawonekedwe onse. Amaphatikizaponso zinthu zamoyo, zosakhala zamoyo komanso zopangira zinthu.

Zitsanzo zina za macroobjects ndi macrosystems: zipolopolo za dziko lapansi (madzi, gaseous, olimba), mizinda, magalimoto ndi nyumba. Mitundu yamagetsi ndi zachilengedwe (nkhalango, mapiri, mitsinje, nyanja).

Danga likuyesedwa mu micromillimeter, millimeters, centimita, mamita ndi makilomita. Kwa nthawi, iyo imayesedwa mu masekondi, mphindi, masiku, zaka ndi eras.

Pali makamaka gawo loyankhulana ndi magetsi. Mawonetseredwe ochuluka ali ndi zithunzi. Palinso mawonekedwe ogwirizana.

Microcosm

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa microobjects ndi microstates. Ndi gawo la zenizeni, pamene zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri, zoyesera. Kusunga diso la umunthu la munthu kulibe.

Tiyeni tikambirane zitsanzo za microobjects ndi microsystems. Amaphatikizapo: micromolekoti, maatomu, ndi ma atomu (ma protoni, ma electron) ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndiponso quanta (ogwira ntchito) a mphamvu ndi "thupi" kutuluka.

Malowa amachokera ku 10 mpaka kupitirira mphamvu khumi kuchoka pa khumi ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mphamvu, ndi nthawi - kuchokera "zopanda malire" kufika 10 pa digiri ya makumi awiri ndi anayi.

Mavuto otsatirawa amapezeka mu microcosm: kufooka kwapakatikati pakati, masamba ochulukirapo - olemera kwambiri; Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa nyukiliya, malo amtundu wambiri - magluons ndi ma-mesons; Mitundu yamagetsi yamagwirizano, kudzera mwa ma atomu ndi ma molekyulu.

Hypomyr

Dziko lomalizira liri lolunjika kwambiri. Pali lero osati zongopeka.

Hypomir ndi dziko lodziŵika bwino kwambiri. Ndizochepa ngakhale kukula. Zikuoneka kuti pali zinthu ndi machitidwe.

Zitsanzo za hypoobjects ndi hyposystems: plankeon (zonse zomwe ziri zochepa kwambiri kuposa Planck's dimensions - 10 kupatula makumi atatu ndi zisanu mphamvu mamita), "bulble singularity", ndi "thupi" kutuluka ndi zinthu zodzikweza za microparticles pang'ono ndi kukhalapo hypoparticles wa "nkhani zakuda" ndi olandiridwa kwathunthu.

Nthawi ndi nthawi sizowonekera, zili mkati mwa chitsanzo cha plankeon:

- Zigawo zoyenera - 10-35 mamita.
- Nthawi ya plankteon ndi masekondi 10-43.
- Mlingo wa hypohmis ndi 1096 kg / m ³ .
- Mphamvu ya plankeon ndi 1019 GeV.

Kulimbikitsana kwakukulu mu microworld, mwinamwake m'tsogolomu, mphamvu zatsopano za chinyengo zidzawonjezeredwa kapena zidzaphatikizidwa pamodzi.

Pofuna kuzindikira dziko lino, asayansi kuti amvetsetse bwino, adagawanika zonse zomwe adaphunzira pamadera, magawo, magawo, magulu, magawo ndi zina zambiri. Ndi njira iyi yomwe imakulolani kuti mufotokoze bwino ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi.

Pafupi zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, wasayansi aliyense ankatchedwa sayansi ya chirengedwe. Pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe magawano a sayansi kumbali iliyonse. Wasayansi wa zachilengedwe anaphunzira sayansi, sayansi, biology ndi zonse zomwe anakumana nazo.

Kuyesera kumvetsetsa ndi kufufuza dziko lapansi kunayambitsa magawano othandiza komanso othandiza. Komabe, musaiwale kuti njira iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu. Chilengedwe ndi dziko loyandikana ndizofunikira komanso zosasintha, mosasamala kanthu za malingaliro athu okhudza iwo.