Mafunde: maulendo a mafundewa kutalika ndi mawonekedwe ena

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chothandizira kuthetsa mavuto ambiri a mafilimu ndi ma wailesi. Ikhoza kuwerengedwera m'njira zingapo, malingana ndi magawo omwe adayikidwa. Ndibwino kuti tichite izi, podziwa nthawi kapena nthawi ndi liwiro la kufalikira.

Mafomu

Njira yeniyeni yomwe imayankha funso la momwe mungapezere kutalika kwa mawonekedwe kudzera pafupipafupi imaperekedwa pansipa:

L = v / u

Pano pali kutalika kwake kwa mamita, v ndi kufalitsa kwake mu m / s, ndipo u ndi maulendo ofanana mu hertz.

Popeza kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhudzana ndi nthawi ndi chiyanjano, mawu oyamba akhoza kulembedwa mosiyana:

L = vT

T ndi nthawi ya oscillation mumasekondi.

N'zotheka kufotokoza izi pamtundu wafupipafupi komanso nthawi yoyendetsa:

L = 2 pi * v / w

Mmawu awa, w ndi maulendo a cyclic omwe amawonekera mu radians pa mphindi.

Kuthamanga kwa mafunde kudutsa kutalika, monga momwe tingaonekere m'mawu apitayo, ndi motere:

U = v / l

Taganizirani zamagetsi otulutsa magetsi omwe amapezeka mu chinthu ndi ndondomeko yowonongeka n. Kenaka mafupipafupi a mafundewo akudutsa kutalika amawonetsedwa ndi chiŵerengero chotsatira:

U = c / (l * n)

Ngati imafalitsa pulojekiti, ndiye n = 1, ndipo mawuwa amatenga mawonekedwe awa:

U = c / l

Mu mawonekedwe omalizira, mafupipafupi a mawonekedwe a kutalika amawonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse c = kuthamanga kwa kuwala pamalo ochotsera, c = 300,000 km / s.

Waves de de Broglie

Mafundewa, mawonekedwewa adzakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Amadziŵa kuti akhoza kukhala osakanikirana ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina olemera kuti apeze magawo a tinthu tatingoganizidwe. Kutalika ndi mafupipafupi akufotokozedwa motere:

L = h / p

U = E / h

H ndi nthawi zonse, Plan, ndi pang'onopang'ono, ndipo E ndi mphamvu yamagulu.

Ntchito

Zomwe zili pamwambazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popeza magawo onse a magetsi ndi mafunde a chikhalidwe china, m'malo opumulira, mpweya kapena zina. Kuti mudziwe momwe kayendedwe ka mawonekedwe amawonetsera motalika kapena mofanana, munthu ayenera kudziwa liwiro la kufalikira kwake ndi katundu wa sing'anga. Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kumalo osungunuka kapena mpweya, chifukwa cha magetsi otsika ndi maginito, chifukwa chakuti kuthamanga kwake kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi mizu ya mankhwalawa.

Ndi mawonekedwe omveka padzakhala vuto lina. Kufulumira kwa phokoso mu zolimba ndi zakumwa kuli wamkulu kuposa mlengalenga. Liwiro lapamwamba lidzakhala lachitsulo ndi lithiamu (pafupifupi 6000 m / s), galasi - 4800 (m / c), golidi, siliva, platinamu. Kufulumira kwa phokoso lokhazikika ndi zowonongeka zamadzimadzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zikhulupiliro zovuta kwambiri, pongoganizira kuchulukitsa kwa sing'anga ndi njira ya Young.