Magawo ndi zikhalidwe za kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian

Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana anali sitepe lililonse kwa mayiko onse akale European. Russia si zosiyana. Kale m'zaka za m'ma XI, anayamba kusonyeza khalidwe la kudziyerekeza woyamba kudzilungamitsa wa maukulu osiyana. Ndipo mu zoyambirira za m'ma XII, kamodzi limodzi la mayiko amphamvu kwambiri m'chigawo itagwa maukulu palokha kwathunthu. Awa mabungwe m'dera kenako wamkulu Novgorod Republic, wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn, Chernihiv, Vladimir-Suzdal, Moscow ndipo ambiri maukulu ena. Kuti Moscow anali akadali kukhala latsopano chikhalidwe, chuma ndi Pamapeto pake, pakatikati ndale za Asilavo kum'mawa.

Kulimbana kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian mmbuyo pansi pa ulamuliro wa mtsogoleri umodzi akuyamba kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XIV. Nthawi imeneyi, akafika pachimake ndi kuyamba onongani maufumu chigamulocho centralization ndondomeko. Mwa njira, mnjira analinso khalidwe la onse a ku Ulaya kumene chinachake chinachitika oyambirira (monga England), ndi zina zotsatira za akale ang'onoang'ono kugawikana kugonjetsa pafupifupi kwa XX m'ma (Germany, Italy). Choncho, maziko kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian anali ofanana m'chilengedwe zizoloŵezi European. Komabe, iwo ndi zingapo zochititsa.

ANAKULIRA kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian

Pamene kugawikana ang'onoang'ono anathandiza kuti ubwenzi malonda ofooka pakati pa zigawo za dziko, monga mfundo zachuma chimayambitsa kucheza dziko mu zaka XIV-XV. Makamaka zimenezi zachititsa patsogolo ulimi ndi kulimbitsa ubale malonda. Komanso chitukuko cha ulimi zinachititsa kuti kudzipatula kwambiri ndi mapangidwe kalasi osiyana osema. Pangani misika mkati, kulimbitsa zikulumikizana zachuma. Choncho, chifukwa chachikulu kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian kugona masoka chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma wa East Asilavo m'madera amene basi zinafuna kufunika yogwirizanitsa ndale. logwirizana maphunziro boma wakhala patsogolo chidwi cha mabwalo lonse la anthu Russian: amalonda, amisiri, ndi m'tawuni ndipo, ndithudi, anthu otchuka. prerequisites zina kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian kugona aggravation zotsutsana chikhalidwe. chakuti kuwuka kwa Ulimi zonse analimbikitsa kulimbitsa m'dera yokumba ang'onoang'ono a m'madera wamba. Mawonetseredwe chofunika kwambiri opaleshoni anali kulimbikitsa ukapolo kukula. Kumene, gawo la Amaya zinapangitsa kukana zachiwawa zonse. Ofooka ndale ndi nkhondo amafuna maukulu anali boma bureaucracy kuti nzika adzapereka chitsimikizo cha ndalama alimi ndi Kulenga malamulo yunifolomu ndi kuwateteza ku ululu wa landlords.

Magawo a kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian

Monga amadziwika, likulu latsopano la Asilavo kum'mawa anali Moscow. centralization Izi kawirikawiri kugawidwa mu magawo anayi:

• 1 siteji. Unayamba chiyambi cha m'ma XIV ndipo yodziwika ndi kayendedwe ka pakati chuma madera a kum'mwera kwa kumpoto kum'mawa.
• 2 siteji. The theka lachiwiri la XIV ndi chiyambi cha m'ma XV. Nthawi imeneyi, akalonga a Moscow anatha kugonjetsa Otsutsa ake onse ndi Kugonja wa dziko Russian. Pa choncho yomweyo, woyamba ncthito kugonjetsa Tartar makamu - nkhondo ya Kulikov.
• Chachitatu siteji. Iwo adzamenya nkhondo mphamvu Moscow yokha.
• 4 gawo. Theka lachiwiri la XV ndi XVI pachiyambi. Akalonga a Moscow Ivan III ndipo kenako Vasily III - kumaliza ndondomeko ndi kusonkhanitsa m'mayiko Russian mu boma limodzi. Mu 1480 potsiriza atathamangitsidwa ndi Mongol-Chitata goli.