Dzheyms Uatt - anayambitsa injini nthunzi

Dzheyms Uatt anali munthu amene ntchito anali kukwaniritsidwa pa mafakitale la England ndi dziko. Injiniya ndipo anayambitsa Scotland chinkhoswe mu chikusintha makina Newcomen, kuchititsa injini ake anatulukira Mipikisano cholinga.

zaka zoyambirira

Dzheyms Uatt anabadwa mu banja la kum'manga zombo ndi mlengi wa njira zosiyanasiyana za Yakobo. mayi ake, Agnes, ankhaimilira anthu olemera, pa nthawi ina iye anaphunzira kwambiri.

Kuyatsa zatsopano tsogolo anju 19.01.1736, mnyamata anabadwa kuwawa kwambiri, kotero maphunziro chachikulu analandira kunyumba kwa makolo awo. The mwana akhoza kusewera ndi anzawo chifukwa chodwala, kotero zambiri za nthawi wake anakhalitsa pochita maphunziro.

Monga wachinyamata, omumvera ake ankakonda anali umagwirira ndi zakuthambo. Iye ankakonda kupanga chitsanzo kuti makinawa analengedwa ndi bambo ake.

Akafike zaka maphunziro a m'sukulu za pulayimale James analowa zolimbitsa thupi. Iye anasonyeza bwino kwambiri masamu. The mnyamata ankakonda kuwerenga ndi zochuluka za izo, iye anayesetsa kuti titsimikize kuchita.

Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mnyamata mayi ake anamwalira. Izi zikupezeka mu umoyo ndi zochita za bambo ake Yakobo kudzisamalira. Mnyamata pa chaka anasamuka ku Scotland kwa London kuphunzira luso, amene anali pachibale zida chingwe. maphunziro okwanila unachitikira kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma ndalama James anali kokha sikokwanira kwa chaka chimodzi. Iye anayamba maphunziro ake ndi ulimi wa olamulira ndi Zimalondolera. Posakhalitsa, mwana wasukuluyo analephera kutulutsa quadrants geodolity ndi zipangizo zina zaulimi.

Pa chaka, mnyamata pafupifupi sanapite kunja. nthawi zonse anali kugwira ntchito: m'mawa - pa khamu, ndi madzulo - dongosolo. Kotero iye akhoza kudyetsa yekha. Komanso, chifukwa chakuti iye palibe monga wophunzira boma pa msewu wake anakakamizika kutenga mu nkhondo za pamadzi.

ntchito yoyamba

Titamaliza maphunziro, Dzheyms Uatt ndi amadwaladwala anabwerera ku Scotland. Iye anaganiza bungwe malonda awo mu Glasgow, amene anali kulenga ndi kukonza zipangizo. Koma iye anali kulimbana ndi mgwirizano wa osema, amene unkamuletsa kuchita ntchito imeneyi. chifukwa chinali James sanali maphunziro okwanila. Iwo sanali kuthandiza kuti ankhaimilira yekha wa malonda Scotland.

Koma mnyamatayo nawalanditsa choncho. Pa nthawi iyi mu University of Glasgow anafika zida chipani kuchita zakuthambo. Iwo anafuna nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo unsembe. Kudzera anzake Wyatt afika mwayi wa ntchito. Anaikidwa mwini zipangizo sayansi m'banja. Iye anali ndi mwayi kulenga msonkhano wake.

Mu sukulu, James anakumana ndi Joseph Black amene ankaphunzira zimapangidwira. Master amathandiza asayansi chitukuko cha ena zida mankhwala powathandiza mudziwe zambiri sayansi.

Ndi 1759 zinthu Watt akweza. Izi anali ntchito ndi mgwirizano ndi wabizinesi John Craig. Iwo anakhazikitsa bungwe ntchito pa ulimi wa zida zosiyanasiyana ndi zidole. Ndalama zatsopano ali ndithu kuchuluka. mgwirizano wawo unatha patapita zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pa imfa ya Craig.

nthawi anatulukira

Newcomen a nthunzi injini inalipo kale kwa zaka zingapo. Nthawi zambiri ankaperekerako ikukoka madzi. Palibe amene ngakhale anayesetsa kusintha izo. Kuyambira 1759 lingaliro la kutsatira nthunzi Watt anachita chidwi, koma anayesa wake analephera.

Mu 1763, mbuye anafunsa woimira University of Glasgow ndi pempho kuthandiza kukonza alipo mawonekedwe Newcomen chilengedwe. Watt anali wokhoza amathera naye zingapo zatsopano. Iye anatha kukonza kamangidwe ndi onetsetsani kupanda makina. Watt wapanga ena patsogolo kamangidwe, koma sikunali kokwanira.

Patapita zaka ziwiri, Dzheyms Uatt anapeza momwe mukhoza kulenga injini wangwiro nthunzi. Iye anayamba kugwiritsa ndondomeko zake. Mu 1769 iye anapereka setifiketi kwa chipinda losindikizidwa kwa condense. Iye anali wokhoza kupanga chitsanzo ntchito kuti wamanga mfundo imeneyi. Kuti akonze chachikulu galimoto, iye analibe ndalama. Zimenezi zinathandiza Dzhozef Blek, Dzhon Robak. Mavuto sinathe kumeneko, chifukwa zinali zosatheka kukwaniritsa mwatsatanetsatane oyenera kupanga ndi yamphamvu ndipo pisitoni. Komanso, ngondo anakhala zinatha.

Watt anapeza kuthandizira latsopano. Iwo anakhala Mettyu Bolton, amene anali ndi foundry. Vuto kupanga yamphamvu Dzhon Uilkinson anaganiza. Bwino malonda anatulukira wake Watt kuyilandira poukanso kwa chilengedwe cha kampani limodzi ndi Mettyu Boltonom, amene opareshoni kwa zaka twente faifi ndipo anabweretsa chuma chachikulu zatsopano lapansi.

Watt anafuna osati kusintha makina Newcomen, iye ankafuna kuti akonze chitsanzo ndi mota konsekonse. khama ake onse anatsogolera njira yatsopano mu ntchito ya injini nthunzi, umene okhala pansi pa dzina la zoyenda m'mapulaneti. Ndi njira imeneyi anayamba kugwira ntchito woyamba injini nthunzi ndi James Watt.

Pambuyo bwino za makina atsopano anayamba ambiri ayesetsa akupeka. Mu nkhondo ya mbiri ya malonda anu Watt ndi Bolton anakakamizika kuwononga ndalama litigation. Chifukwa, iwo anali kufotokoza ufulu wawo.

Kutanthauza anatulukira ndi

The setifiketi kwa injini ya James Watt anawalemba mu 1769. Mu bukuli, padatsimikiza kuti woyambitsa setifiketi ya sanali kuyambitsa galimoto latsopano, ndi injini nthunzi. Watt sanathe kumvetsa kufunika m'tsogolo zidzakhala zikuyenda bwino.

Tanthauzo anatulukira tichipeza mu injini pisitoni chimatichititsa mchikakamizo cha nthunzi. Chifukwa izi zinali zotheka kuti mobwerezabwereza kuonjezera mphamvu, kupanga kuthamanga kwambiri. Silinalinso zofunika kuwonjezera kukula. Ndiyamika chidali chifuniro cha, n'zotheka kuti alenge injini, ndipo kenaka sitimayo.

Kuzindikila

Ngakhale pa moyo wa galimoto zatsopano James Watt zasinthiratu mafakitale. N'zosadabwitsa kuti iye anasankhidwa woimira madera ambiri. Iye akhafuna kuti lipereke mutu wa Baron, koma iye anachikana icho.

Company, amene anasankhidwa Watt:

• The Royal Society of Edinburgh.
• Nthanthi Society ku Rotterdam.
• Lolingana M'Bungwe French Academy.
• Mwezi Society ku Birmingham - bungwe mwamwayi kwa British Chenicheni asayansi.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Wambiri ya James Watt akutsimikizira bwanji mosalekeza umunthu iye anali. Osiyana nzeru zake moona anadabwa wolemba Walter Scott, amene unali yodziwa zatsopano lapansi.

M'masiku ake am'tsogolo Watt ankachita nawo ake makina yopanga yekha kuti akhoza kutengera ntchito sculptural monga ziboliboli, ziboliboli, ndi ziwiya zina.

Iye anafa mbuye 19.08.1819, pa chaka eyite-lachitatu. Iye anaikidwa mu Hendsvorte.

Banja ndi ana

Dzheyms Uatt, Kutulukira ndi yojambula makampani, wakhala m'banja kawiri. Mkazi Wake choyamba, Margaret Miller, anamwalira mu 1772 atabereka iye mwana wawo wachisanu. Koma ku moyo wokhwima anapulumuka ana awiri okha, dzina lake monga makolo, Yakobo ndi Margaret.

mkazi wachiwiri anali Enn Makgregor mu 1777. ana awo pamodzi dzina lake Gregory ndi Janet.

chidwi Ndipotu

Watt zoperekedwa kwa ntchito monga mphamvu wagawo amatchedwa "kavalo mphamvu". Komabe, mu 1882 pa kanthu za British Association of Asayansi anaganiza perekani gulu la mphamvu mu dzina la zatsopano lapansi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, njira ya ntchito Watts. Kunali koyamba m'mbiri ya luso.