Malamulo m'mayiko onse

M'mayiko onse lamulo (IHL) - ndi wodziimira nthambi ya lamulo la boma, chomwe ndi mfundo kwa ndi MP malamulo liwulo wamba ufulu dziko ndi kumasulika; udindo State pankhani ya kupeza, thandizo ndi chitetezo cha ufulu ndi kumasulika, ndi chifaniziro malamulo kwa anthu n'zotheka kuzindikira ndi kuteteza ufulu anazindikira mwa iwo.

Waukulu ndi ntchito yaikulu ya IHP anazindikira chitukuko cha mapangano, mfundo zimene bwino kukhazikitsa ya ufulu ndi udindo maphwando ku nkhondo, komanso Kuchepetsa njira ndi njira wochita nkhondoyi.

Maloya ena zidzasankhidwa mayiko lamulo lokhudza anthu m'magulu awiri: "lamanja la The Hague", amene nthawi njira kutanthauza za nkhondo, ndi "ufulu wa Geneva" muli kamba chitetezo cha okhudzidwa ndi nkhondo. Mu lingaliro la "amachitidwa nkhondo" kugwa anavulazidwa ndi odwala ku makamu M'munda; ovulala, odwala ndi amene anali wangalawa ndipo ndinu gawo la asilikali pa nyanja; akaidi a nkhondo; wamba.

1864 anapita mu mbiri monga chaka boma Swiss anapangitsa msonkhano kukhala chida cha thandizo kwa anthu ovutika ndi nkhondoyi. The chifukwa cha msonkhano zinachititsa imakhala ya Msonkhano woyamba kwa Protection odwala ndi ovulala pa nkhondo. Zinali gwero loyamba IHL.

Magwero a chilamulo m'mayiko onse ndi chiphadzuwa mu kuchuluka lonse, ndipo iwo onse umalimbana malamulo mgwirizano pakati pa limati pa maudani. Pali Kusiyana atatu zace. The choyamba - malamulo omwe ntchito kokha mu yamtendere. The chachiwiri - malamulo mu mphamvu kokha m'nthawi ya nkhondoyi. Mtundu wachitatu - wosanganiza malamulo mu mphamvu mu nthawi ya mtendere ndi pa nthawi ya nkhondo.

malamulo m'mayiko onse panyengo zosiyanasiyana imene ili kamba zosiyanasiyana. Manu salola chiwawa, kuphatikizapo lamulo la kupha unarmed, akaidi, kugwiritsa ntchito zida poizoni. Mu Greece wakale malamulo mankhwala kuti chiyambi cha nkhondo ziyenera kuchitika ndi kulengeza iwo. Pankhani ya kuyima mwa mizinda sakanakhoza kupha anthu amene anabisala mu mipingo, asilikali anali umasinthanitsidwa ndi owomboledwa.

Pa Conference Hague pa World v1899 chaka, FF Martens izo akufuna kutsatira zopatsidwa kuti adzateteza anthu wamba ndipo adani munyengo kumene zochita za States si motsatira malamulo a IHL. Makonzedwe amenewa ikuti kuti anthu wamba ndi asilikali phunziro kwa malamulo a MP chifukwa chakuti iwo ndi chifukwa cha miyambo anakhazikitsa mitundu lachitukuko, malamulo a anthu, ndi akupempha kuzunza anthu. lamulo ili anadziwika monga "Martens mzera".

malamulo m'mayiko onse, komanso nthambi zina za lamulo, amakhazikitsa mfundo zake yaikulu ya ndiye humanization ya nkhondo. Mwa njira zotsatirazi: chitetezo cha chikhalidwe; kuteteza ndi kulemekeza zofuna za limati kutsatira kulowerera ndale; kuletsa magulu nawo Nkhondo mu njira ndi njira pakuyenerera awo.

Lakuti malo a asilikali mkangano limati kumafuna zotsatira amanyansidwa malamulo, monga kuthetsedwa ubale consular ndi zamtendere; kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wapadera kwa nzika za boma mdani; kuchotsa mapangano, amene asunga mwa yamtendere. malamulo m'mayiko onse wayamba ntchito nthawi imeneyi.