Mankhwala ngati pali mu kosungira mitembo? pokonzera akufa

Mu zaka zapitazi 10, anthu akhala zambiri pofuna thandizo kwa akatswiri anthu anakonzedwa achibale awo akufa. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa njirayi amathandiza kusunga mtundu zachilendo khungu, ndipo sataya ndi fungo. Choncho, m'nkhani ino tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane chochitika otchedwa mtembo, momwe ndondomeko thupi la njira kuteteza ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe zomwe kulibe konse. Ndipo tikudziwa bwanji economized mtsogoleri atamwalira proletariat wa - V. I. Lenina - mu 1924.

kutanthauza

Kuumitsa - ndondomeko zina umalimbana kusunga nthawi zina za lotseguka khungu akufa. chithandizo chapadera kwa minofu womwalirayo kumabwezera mmbuyo kudzitsitsa awo. Chifukwa njirayi zovuta kusunga thupi panyengo mokwanira yaitali.

kudzera

Kumvetsa mmene mtembo, muyenera kupeza chomwe ndi njira kuchita njirayi. Lero tikudziwa options 4:

1. Cavernous phwando.
2. M'majakisoni mtembo.
3. Pamwamba phwando.
4. Wolumikizira kapena kuteteza mtima.

kulandira M'mimbamo

Pankhaniyi, kusamalira ziwalo mtembo, chifukwa akuyamba ndi kuwonongeka mofulumira za thupi. Pali awiri processing njira: puncture ndi njira kudula. Mbali yoyamba punctures zimagwiridwa mu m'mimba, komanso monga aliyense M'mimbamo pleural. The katswiri zimapangitsa jekeseni kenako amatsanulira njira antiseptic mdzenje. Normal madzimadzi buku ndi ku malita 1.5 kuti 2.5.

Tsopano mwachidule tione mmene thupi mankhwala ang'ambe thupilo njira: ikuchitika mphako yaing'ono kuti ndimeyi khoma m'mimba mwachindunji mu M'mimbamo lapansi. Njira ntchito pamene muyenera yaitali mayendedwe a womwalirayo, ndipo inali kuwola kale, kapena ngati mafuta m'thupi.

kusamala jekeseni

Njira imeneyi imagwiridwa kawirikawiri ndi puncture lapansi. Kuti pali kusalola (impregnation) wa zimakhala zofewa wa nkhope khosi ndi manja a antiseptic njira yapadera. Iwo amagwiritsa pang'ono madzi, komanso katswiri pa ndondomeko sulimbikitsa kutikitirako koyenera kuti usawonongeke ndi wogawana kugawa.

pamwamba kuumitsa

Imagwiridwa mu choncho kumene mtembo bwino looneka kuwonongeka kapena chilonda pa khungu. Kenako pa thupi topaka wapadera madzi chiphunzitso, komanso tanatogel.

Wolumikizira kapena kuteteza mtima

Kodi mankhwala mu nkhani iyi? A njira ya zikuchokera yeniyeni kutumikiridwa kudzera dongosolo wolumikizira magazi. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuteteza thupi la womwalirayo pa nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Komabe, njira imeneyi ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri, ndipo sadzatha kuchita chilichonse dokotala wodziwa za vutoli, chifukwa njira imeneyi ndi m'malo zovuta.

Intravascular mtembo: magawo a

njira yosungira matupi ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndipo umachitika motere:

1. Mtima jekeseni imagwiridwa.
2. Kutsukidwa patsekeke.
3. Injects yankho mu minofu zofewa.

njira Basic ntchito ndalama thupi

Mankhwala munthu amene chithunzi Tingaone m'nkhani ino, imagwiridwa ndi thandizo la madzi wapadera amene divisible m'magulu 4:

1. Predinektsionnaya - amathandiza kuti amasule dongosolo mtima magazi ndi kubwezeretsa mtundu khungu lawo.
2. Predbalzamirovochnaya - madzi, umene uli wapakatikati pakati pa magulu loyamba ndi wachitatu. njira lili mpaka 5% formalin.
3. Wolumikizira mankhwala madzimadzi - limapangidwa 15% formalin, karboliki asidi - 20%, glutaraldehyde, ethyl mowa - 10% glycerin - 5% acetic asidi - 0,5%, komanso mitundu wothandizira Mwachitsanzo, eosin ndi onunkhira mankhwala - mpaka 0.5%.
4. Band mankhwala njira - limapangidwa membala m'munsi mochuluka 30%, ndipo nthawizina apamwamba. Izi madzi ndi izi isiyana wolumikizira lapansi. Komanso mu njira recessed osati munali zosakaniza zodzikongoletsera.

Kukonzekera thupi ndondomeko

Tsopano ife tikupeza tsatanetsatane wa mmene mtembo wa womwalirayo, koma pachiyambi pali gulu kuyambirira kwa ndondomekoyi, amene ali motere:

1. Zisanachitike wa wakufayo kwathunthu kudzivula ndi kuvala tebulo wapadera. Ikani kotero kuti mutu ndi pamwamba ziwalo zina.
2. Thupi processing anachita tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakuti katswiri likugwiritsa ntchito ndalama madzi, ndi aerosols. Onse orifices achilengedwe a wakufayo kungathetsedwe, ndiyeno iwo amaonetsera ndi thonje swab ankawaviika tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
3. Katswiri kwathunthu amatsuka thupi ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo ndi bactericidal, kenako kuyanika yake.
4. Tsitsi Chithandizo. Iwo akhoza kutsukidwa kapena pachiyambi kapena kumapeto kwa mtembo. Kukonzedwa tsitsi ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo kapena shampu.
5. thupi bulashi. Kuchotsa tsitsi pa nkhope wapangidwa motsogozedwa kukula.

ndizosowa kuphika

Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti mawu ananena kuti mtembo wa. Monga ndondomeko izi zimachitika mu kosungira mitembo, kwa anthu ambiri akhala chinsinsi. Koma tsopano, ife kuulula katani la chinsinsi ndi kuyesa mwachidule pofotokoza ndondomeko yonse ya mwambowu. Choncho, katswiri akupitiriza mfundo zikuluzikulu pambuyo njira kukonzekera:

1. Woumitsa mtembo kwenikweni watseka maso akufa munthu. Iye amachita zimenezi mosamala kwambiri. Muyaya, sachedwa sag ndi kupanga M'mimbamo, izo amati chidutswa cha ubweya thonje, nthawi zina ichi katswiri cholinga amagwiritsa kapu pulasitiki. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti zikope akufa sewn, koma si choncho. The katswiri akhoza kungoyankha kumata.
2. mosungira mitembo ntchito atseka pakamwa akufa munthu kotero kuti izo zinkawoneka achilengedwe. Ndipo mwina mwake mbuye mukhoza kusoka kapena gwiritsani injector wapadera.
3. Moisturize. Katswiri smears kirimu pang'ono pa zikope ndi milomo - choncho amaziteteza ku atayanika ndi kupereka mwachibadwa.

mitsempha processing

Kuti anamaliza kukonzekera zofunikira chochitika monga mtembo. Kodi mankhwala a mitsempha ya wakufayo? Tikambirana pansipa.

1. katswiri amasankha ang'ambe thupilo. Ndiye, katswiri umalowa mtembo njira, amawapopa ndi magazi kuchokera mu misempha kapena moyandikana ndi mtima. The mowa avareji 8 malita. osakaniza ntchito ngati njira ya formaldehyde, madzi ndi mankhwala ena.

2. woumitsa mtembo amachita ang'ambe thupilo: amuna - pafupi sternum ndi clavicle minofu; akazi - mu mtchafu. Pre katswiri aisadza m'dera limene Vienna, napyoza ndi amaika chubu. Chikuletsa ndi mtsempha wamagazi Katswiri amagwiritsa forceps ndi achepetsa izo zimaleka otaya magazi.

3. zida ndi zizindikiro katswiri kwa mankhwala ndi akulowa madzi. Pa ndondomekoyi, wantchito kosungira mitembo massaging nthambi magazi kuchoka, ndipo kumayambiriro njira. Pamene madzi atafika pa mitsempha, kuthamanga udzadutsa mu mitsempha yomwe zikutanthauza njira thupi kayendedwe. Katswiri amaona mu misempha otukukira kunja. Nthawi katswiri amapereka magazi kutuluka mwa khosi chubu.

4. ntchito mortuary ayenera kuchepetsa kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo pamene okha 20% ya madzi, limayenda pa cannula kuti mtsempha wamagazi wina. Izi zachitika kuti madzi timazipeza mu mitsempha onse. Kodi anthu mankhwala mu kosungira mitembo, ngati ang'ambe thupilo anapangidwa mu ntchafu? Kenaka ndondomeko iyi pansi pa atavalanso zoteteza bwino.

5. Pamene mwambo abwera mathero, katswiri akutembenukira unit kutali, amachotsa cannula ndi nsalu mitsempha onse ndi mitsempha, omwe ntchito. Pa mabala iye stitches.

mankhwala matupi

1. Tsopano, pamene mitsempha anali okonzeka katswiri akuyamba kuyeretsa pachifuwa, chikhodzodzo, m'matumbo, ndi ena. Chifukwa chaichi, wogwira ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito trocar.
2. Mkuluyo kwa chifuwa imayamwa madzi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye amaika trocar masentimita 5 lamanja ndi pa mtunda wofanana pamwamba m'michombo lapansi. Katswiri kukonza ziwalo dzenje: m'mimba, yaing'ono intestine ndi kapamba.
3. Monga zimachitika mtembo zaumunthu? ntchito kosungira mitembo zina kukonza M'mimbamo m'munsi, woyamwa ndi kukoka nkhani ya m'matumbo, chikhodzodzo ndi chiberekero mu akazi. Kotero kuti madzi si pochitika, nthawizina chotulukira ndi nyini ndi anaikapo ubweya.
4. Ndiye kosungira mitembo ntchito akulowa cavernous mankhwala. Mu nkhani iyi, madzi ambiri wapangidwa 30% formaldehyde. Yemweyo ayenera kupanga chapamwamba ndi matupi m'munsi.
5. Chomaliza - Katswiri imakoka trocar ndi chisindikizo Pulasitiki wononga dzenje.

Khama la thupi m'bokosi

Mutawerenga zokhudza kukonzekera thupi maliro ndi anthu chidwi salinso funso: "Kodi mankhwala mu kosungira mitembo," Pajatu anali anafotokoza pamwamba. Ndi nthawi yoti aphunzire za zochitika chomaliza. Choncho, ntchito yokonza yomaliza ya thupi zinthu maliro:

1. Atam'chiritsa ntchito zonse kosungira mitembo ntchito amatsuka kuchokera thupi la magazi akufa ndi mankhwala.
2. Katswiri chepetsa misomali wanu anamwalira, prichosyvaet tsitsi lake, ntchito zodzoladzola kupereka nkhope tione achilengedwe.
3. The ntchito amavala zovala cha munthu wakufa.
4. Iwo imalongosola thupi m'bokosi.

Monga thupi mtsogoleri wa proletariat dziko?

Lenin anamwalira zaka 91 zapitazo, koma thupi lake amapezeka nthawi ili yonse mu mausoleum lapansi. Kodi anali wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko la mankhwala? Poyamba, madokotala akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira yozizira koopsa. Komabe, njira ngati yosungira thupi anali kukhala, monga anayamba kuwola ndinso mofulumira. Ndiye asayansi V. Vorobiev ndi B. Zbarskiy anayamba luso lake.

Poyamba, akatswiri m'thupi Lenin a nkhani zonse za chifuwa ndi pamimba, kuchotsedwa chigaza ku ubongo. Kenako ankawaviika thupi lonse formaldehyde njira. Ndipo panthawi imeneyi anali mavuto wetting luso. Kawirikawiri embalm ndi jekeseni madzimadzi kudzera ziwiya magazi, koma mu nkhani iyi iwo sangakhoze kuchita ntchito imeneyi. Choncho, akatswiri anayenera kusankha 3: kuzindikira thupi bafa ndi formalin; njira anali jekeseni kapena ntchito timitu. Ndipo adasankha njira yoyamba. thupi kumizidwa mu kusamba mphira wodzazidwa ndi 3% formalin njira. Pamodzi ndi ntchito imeneyi ikuchitika kuthetsa kuda kuwonongeka kwachitika. Madokotala discolored mawanga pa manja, nkhope ndi thandizo la peroxide, koma mmene zosakhalitsa. Choncho, kunali koyenera kupeza njira ina, ndipo anabwera nazo izo. Iwo ankachitira thupi woyamba ndi asidi acetic, ndiyeno kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide ndi ammonia.

Ena nthawi akufa formalin njira, ndiyeno anasamutsidwa kuti "madzi balsamic" zomwe zinali maziko glycerol (65%) nthochi potassium ndi kwinini mankhwala enaake.

Pakali pano, kawiri pa mlungu, gulu la asayansi kuchita mosamala thupi, ndi chaka ndi theka iwo kufufuza izo, m'malo mtembo njira. Mwa njira, lero mungathe kupeza kanema mmene mtembo wa. Lenin mosamala onani, m'malo madzi imene ili, kavalidwe. Koma choonetsedwa si kukomoka mtima, choncho ndi bwino kuganizira pamene kuonera mafilimu.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe mtembo monga ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mu kosungira mitembo: monga akatswiri kukonza mtembo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zikuluzikulu ndi kumalizira. Timadziwa kuti pali njira zingapo za kusamala za thupi la womwalirayo komanso kuphunzira mmene kukonzekera yaitali kuteteza Lenin.