The kupenta "Kadzutsa achifumu" Fedorov. Kufotokozera za chithunzi

Nthabwala ndi Zotengera zatenga malo apadera mu miyoyo yathu. Chikhumbo kumuseka munthu (monga zabwino ndi zoyipa, m'njira ya choonadi) ndi chibadidwe pafupifupi aliyense. Art yotero. Andakatulo, olemba mabuku, ojambula zithunzi ndi nthumwi za kudzinenera zina kulenga kulabadira awo padziko kupusa ndi chotheka, kuti mukhoza kupanga mitundu yatsopano tsiku ndi tsiku. Kufunika kwa zolinga koteroko sikunachitike mu moyo zachikhalidwe cha anthu zaka zambiri zapitazo.

Mu Russian kupenta satirical lofunika kwambiri Pavel Andreevich Fedotov. "Kadzutsa achifumu" - chithunzi, umatchedwa pansi pa dzina la wolemba "mu nthawi alendo" omwe ndi imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka kwambiri ndi kuzindikira za zojambulajambula lapansi.

Moyo ndi tsoka la chithunzicho

Pavel Andreevich Fedotov anabadwa pa June 22 (July 4) mu 1815 ku Moscow. bambo ake anali wopuma msilikali ndipo anatumikira mu Moscow bungwe zochita. Mu 1826, Paulo anakhala wophunzira wa Moscow Cadet Corps, maphunziro ulemu, kenako anagwira ntchito zaka 10 ku St. Petersburg Finland Regiment. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukhulupirira zojambula kalasi Academy of Tirhana ndipo posakhalitsa zinadziwika mu mabwalo yopapatiza kuyamika luntha lake ndi akutulukira kuchokera pansi burashi wake regimental mtundu wanyimbo zina zachidule, ankasewera zojambula chikondi, komanso zithunzi za asilikali anzathu. ntchito yake walandira pabvomelezo la asilikali anzake okha, komanso banja la mfumu, makamaka wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich. Mwachindunji zojambula ziwiri zinalembedwa ndi dongosolo lake.

Titamaliza mu 1844, msonkhano, Fedotov anaganiza kudzipereka kwa kulemba ndi kuyendera Academy, womwe kalasi kupenta nkhondo. Koma iye sanali naye, ndipo posakhalitsa chithunzicho anasamukira pafupi ntchito polemba chinenero chimenechi, anamutcha iye osati monga zithunzi makhalidwe ovuta za moyo wamasiku ano, kuphatikizapo kupenta "Kadzutsa achifumu", wolembedwa mu 1850. zaka ziwiri izi zisanachitike, mu 1848, amasonyeza ntchito yake Karl Pavlovich Briullov, amene amawaika iwo malikisi apamwamba ndi mwamphamvu amathandiza Fedotov.

Mu moyo wake waufupi, Paulo A. analenga zojambula kuti akhale zitsanzo za mtundu wanyimbo kupenta ndi kuseka akamanena lonse la moyo wa strata mwayi wa anthu ano. Iye anafa 14 (26) mu November 1852 pachipatala cha wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo pambuyo exacerbation matenda a maganizo ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Smolensk manda ku St. Petersburg.

Zilandiridwenso Pavel Fedotov

Monga tanenera kale, mtundu wanyimbo chimake cha ntchito chithunzicho, anakhala m'banja. Mu 1846 anayamba adziwe njira ya kupenta mafuta mu ndondomeko ya ntchito pa lona "The cavalier atsopano." Patapita chaka chimodzi, Paulo A. utoto "choosy mkwatibwi", amene anali kuyikidwa mutu wa Academician, ndi m'dzinja 1848 adaona kuwala kwa kupenta "chibwenzi Major" imene anam'bweretsera malo oyamba mwa zithunzi zoweta ojambula zithunzi.

Mu 1850 (February kwa May) Fedotov anali mu Moscow, kumene kupenta "Kadzutsa achifumu" yatha, ntchito yomwe inayamba mu St. Petersburg. Analemba chinsalu "Wamasiye" Ndithudi, Ndale za amene anauziridwa ndi imfa ya mlamu wake ndi wojambula. Otsiriza a ntchito zake zinali "Encore, Encore!" Ndipo "osewera". Pambuyo pake, thanzi saloledwa ntchito, koma kuti iwo unalengedwa, wasiya chizindikiro chake mu mbiri ya kupenta Russian.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Monga tanena kale, mu 1850 chithunzicho maphunziro mmodzi wa zojambula wotchuka kwambiri "Kadzutsa achifumu." The kupenta Fedotova, analembedwa pambuyo bwino loti wa "chibwenzi Major", anauziridwa ndi satires, wolemba dzina anakhalabe osadziwika (mwina, zinali ndiye mnyamata wolemba Ivan Goncharov): "Ndipo ngati inu anayesa mwangozi anthu otere kunyumba ndipo anawapeza kudabwa? "ine ndinati ndinafunitsitsa kwambiri chithunzicho ndi zovuta anali kuti athe kukhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi. Komabe, zojambulajambula sanali amagonjera ku chiyeso, ndipo analanda nthawi yapitayi izo.

Kodi ife pacithunzi-thunzi?

Mosakayikira, kusanthula imafunanso zimene akufotokozedwa pa wina zojambula kwambiri kuzindikira zimene Paulo analemba Fedotov, "Kadzutsa wa achifumu ndi." Kufotokozera za chithunzi cha mitundu kwambiri omveka akufanana ndi zimene chithunzicho anali kuchita kupyolera zilandiridwenso. Iwo ankanyoza makhalidwe aumunthu mawonetseredwe awo onse.

Kuyang'ana pachithunzipa, tikuona fuko lomveka wamng'ono, mantha kuphimba mtanda wa wakuda mkate, zomwe ziri mmawa chakudya, phokoso la wakubayo mapazi. Wojambula ndendende azinga ngwazi ndi chikalata mawonekedwe: bokosi pansi pa sitimayo kusindikizidwa makadi pansi pa gome, akuloza njuga; kuphimba yosavuta kadzutsa buku, imene wa mawonekedwe pa nthawi ya mabuku lofalitsidwa; Malonda zithunzi ndiponso ed ntchito nkhono anaikidwa pa mipando (ulendo wotsiriza unali lamulo chibwana kuti wachinyamata wakudziko nthawi); dandified kuvala chowala, sewn mu atsopano Paris mafashoni.

Koma chinthu wodziŵa, sipangakhalenso anamaliza chithunzi kufotokoza Fedotova "Kadzutsa achifumu" - kanthu kwathunthu natembenukira mkati ndi kunja kachikwama. Chithunzicho m'njira zake khalidwe akungondinyoza anakonda iwo ndi mitu congenial: anthu achabechabe, zachabechabe, wapamwamba moyo, mwazibisa pansi chigoba cha umphawi wa kunja bwino ndi kuwala. Tikumbukenso kuti khalidwe chimaonetsedwa pa lona anali lililonse kwa nthawi, kuti sasiya kukayika kulikonse za kufunika kwa nkhaniyo, amene anatembenuka Fedotov.

ntchito tsoka

Panopa kupenta "Kadzutsa achifumu", pamodzi ndi ntchito zina zofunika mwa chithunzicho, ili mu Moscow, pa State Tretyakov Gallery mu Lavrushinsky Lane. Panthawiyo, Pavel Tretyakov, woyambitsa wa nyumbayi, ankatha kusonkhanitsa ntchito zina kawirikawiri zidzachitike pa nthawi oyambirira zilandiridwenso Fedotov. Masiku ano, kusungidwa mu zopereka za zomera, koma osati anasonyeza mu nyumbayi. Zojambula, kukanirira mu msonkhano kenako kokha, gawo chionetserocho okhazikika. Izi kupenta "Kadzutsa achifumu", omwe anakhala nkhani iyi, komanso zithunzi zojambula "chibwenzi Major", munthu makope la wolemba "Wamasiye", "Mwatsopano cavalier" ndi "intelligibility mkwatibwi."

Ubwino chilengedwe Paulo Fedotov ndi chithunzi Russian

Kufunika kumene munthu amasonyeza ntchito yake, chithunzicho, zimavuta Musaone. Amatchedwa molondola tate wa mtundu wanyimbo izi paluso zithunzi monga Kuzindikira yovuta. Mu ndondomeko ya kulenga chitukuko cha izo achilendo kwa iye pachiyambi ataunjikidwa nyimbo ndi zambiri mbali ndinasamukira ku njira yosavuta kwambiri ndi masoka. zojambula zake chosasunthika mu luso la mtundu wanyimbo latsopano la zojambula satirical ndi mitundu mitundu, amene anapereka pansi ntchito ya amisiri ena achinyamata.