Mano anthu

mano Human - maphunziro olimba, zomwe zili alveoli la nsagwada za. Iwo ali mbali yofunika ya makina amene ntchito ndi kumatafuna izo. mano anthu ndi mphamvu kwambiri zosiyanasiyana. Iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa anyani.

Pali magulu anayi mano: molars, premolars, incisors, canines. Mu mano ngati mapangidwe kugawidwa m'mbali ndipo kutsogolo. Munthu zaka zisanu ntchito mano osakhalitsa, amene anasintha kwa okhazikika. Chiwerengerochi imvera mosiyanasiyana, amene amayamba ndi peculiarities wa zakudya ndi chilengedwe. Kwa zaka 32 pali mano lotsiriza la mtundu uwu. Motero, kudziwa mmene mano ambiri munthu zitha kukhala mu m'badwo uno. ndalamazo ndi wofanana 32. Mano otsiriza zambiri yafupika, nthawizina iwo musati zimatha kuyambitsa. Pali chilinganizo wapadera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa deta fupa mapangidwe. Njirayi imatchedwa kuti dzino. Akuluakulu, ndi motere: atatu molars, premolars awiri, wina canine, incisors awiri pa theka lililonse la nsagwada onse.

Matenda a mano anthu

Pali magawo atatu a mapangidwe izi: korona khosi mizu. Mkati lililonse dzino ndi M'mimbamo, amene lagawidwa muzu ngalande ndi M'mimbamo korona. Kudzera dzenje pamwamba ili misempha, ziwiya zimene kuonetsetsa uziyenda wabwinobwino wa limba. Zikupezeka mu zamkati, woimiridwa ndi lotayirira connective minofu. Wall kuti mwachindunji wa kutafuna padziko dzino amatchedwa m'chipinda chotetezeka.

Mu mano mwambo kusiyanitsa anayi pamwamba formations deta: vestibular, lingual, masticatory (Y premolars ndi molars - clamping ndege) kukhudzana. malamulo wokhazikitsidwa Kupenda mwachindunji. Korona ndi mizu anawagawa m'magulu atatu: occlusal, pakati, khomo lachiberekero lachitatu.

mano a anthu ali zikuchokera zovuta. Iwo anapanga dentine, amene ankaimira kostepodobnoy nsalu ongokhala odontoblasts. The zikuchokera dama salt mchere (fluoride kashiamu, magnesium mankwala, calcium mankwala) ndi organic ulusi (kolajeni).

dzino korona chimakwirira makamaka olimba mankhwala - enamel, yomwe inamangidwa cha prisms kuti ndi makulidwe a 3-5 microns. Amakhala salt mchere ofanana ndi amene ali dentin lapansi.

Khosi ndi mizu yokutidwa ndi simenti - chinthu chokhala fupa. Amakhala 30% zinthu organic (kolajeni), kutenga thupi otsala salt mchere (kashiamu carbonate, calcium mankwala).

Onse maphunziro m'kamwa ziziyang'aniridwa akuti: dentition. Iwo ali kulowezana zovuta zikuphatikizapo periodontium, minofu, mafupa, zopangitsa malovu, mano. dongosolo lino amapereka ntchito za kutafuna ndi kumatanthauza mapangidwe kulankhula.

Mano muzikangana otchedwa osculating mapangidwe chapamwamba mandible. Bone ziwalo ili kumanzere ndi kumanja amatchedwa antimeres.

Ubale okhudza malo a nsagwada ndi dentition kwa magulu onse amatchedwa articulation. mtundu akuti ndi occlusion, amene anatsimikiza ndi kutseka formations zimenezi pa kutafuna. Ndi kutithandiza kuona mapangidwe occlusion ndi.

Mawu amenewa amanena chiŵerengero cha chapamwamba, dentition m'munsi pa kutsekedwa kwa m'kamwa mwa. Mitundu zotsatirazi malocclusion: alveolar Chipilala ili mlingo chomwecho, mmodzi mwa iwo ili patsogolo pa ena. Thupi ankaona zimene zinachitikira mzere chapamwamba mano penapake ankatembenukira patsogolo pankhani pansi. Komabe, pansi pa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana pathological mu m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, zoopsa, occlusion zingasiyane. mano anthu mu nkhani iyi, akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe awo ndi zikuchokera.