Nonpolar covalent chomangira - mankhwala chomangira popangidwa ndi maatomu yemweyo

Nonpolar covalent chomangira amatanthauza losavuta nsinga mankhwala. Iwo aumbike mwa elekitironi awiriawiri wamba. Pali 2 mitundu ya mayanjano covalent ali osiyana mapangidwe limagwirira. Taonani maphunziro ake ndi kuphunzira zambiri za chiyani makamaka kwa ubwenzi sanali kumalo ozizira. Nthawi aumbike mwa zinthu yosavuta - nonmetals Komabe, angayambe mankhwala anapanga ndi ma atomu osiyana, ndi proviso kuti electronegativity phindu la tinthu ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, PH3 mankhwala EO (P) = EA (H) = 2.2.

Taganizirani sanali kumalo ozizira covalent chomangira aumbike. Mu atomu wa hydrogen elekitironi chimodzi chokha, kotero elekitironi chigoba chake si wathunthu, ulibe ngakhale 1. mogwirizana kwa maatomu wa hydrogen kuyamba kufikako mzake chifukwa mphamvu za anyamata a mtima ndi ma elekitironi, pamene pang'ono kulowererana elekitironi mitambo. Pa doublet izi aumbike m'dziko la particles awiri pulayimale. Mu malo kumene elekitironi mitambo overlapped mzake, pali kochulukira elekitironi osalimba, amakopa mtima atomiki, potero kuwapatsa molekyulu olimba pawiri. Covalent chomangira nonpolar schematically olembedwa motere:

· + H · H - H: H kapena H - N.

Apa, elekitironi unpaired a wosanjikiza kunja ndiwo amaimira ina, ndipo onse awiri elekitironi madontho awiri - kapena mukapeza.

Kuchokera pamwamba Tingaone kuti dera alipo mitambo elekitironi ili symmetrically ndi ulemu kwa maatomu awiri. Mofananamo kupanga sanali kumalo ozizira covalent chomangira vuto la tinthu yosavuta, zinthu ndi nambala yaikulu ya ma elekitironi.

Popeza ubale ndi zina ambiri-zitsulo si, inu zingayale, zokhudzana awo thupi katundu. Zinthu ndi apolar covalent kucheza akhale olimba (pakachitsulo, sulfure), mpweya (hydrogen ndi mpweya) ndi madzi (okha bromo). Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa pa ma- maselo ssy gaseous ndi madzi sanali zitsulo, kuoneka kuti ndi kuwonjezeka Mr zambiri kumawonjezera limatsogolera ndi otentha kutentha. Ndi nonmetals olimba ngati sanachitike. Chinthu kuti amenewa zinthu yosavuta ndi atomiki-crystalline dongosolo womwe umapereka mphamvu nonpolar covalent muzikondana. Motero, akuluakulu chiwerengero cha kugwirizana zimenezi, m'pamenenso pawiri Mwachitsanzo, diamondi ndi graphite.

Nonpolar kucheza ndi zofunika mu njira moyo wa zamoyo, monga ndi wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wolimba, ndi ion wa hydrogen. Kuti aswe maunansi amenewo, nyama kapena mbewu zofunika amaika yambiri mphamvu, kotero limagwirira chiwonongeko cha michere potenga gawo.

Nonpolar covalent chomangira - ubale popangidwa ndi maatomu kapena osiyana a particles pulayimale pawiri zovuta ndi mfundo wofanana electronegativity. Choncho mofanana kugwira maatomu wamba awiri elekitironi (doublet).