Amoeba Proteus: kalasi, malo okhala, zithunzi. Monga amoeba upita motsutsa izo?

Nyama, ngati zamoyo zonse, ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za gululi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi khungu, ndi mmene nthumwi zake - Amoeba Proteus. Features wa matabwa ake ndi kugwira ntchito kuganizira mfundo zinanso.

Subkingdom unicellular

Ngakhale kuti gulu mwadongosolo Chili nyama ambiri wosazindikira, kuchuluka kwake mitundu kale anafika 70 mitundu. Pa dzanja limodzi, izo kwenikweni kwambiri chabe imene oimira dziko nyama. Pa zina - izo zangokhala dongosolo lapadera. Tangoganizani munthu, nthawi zina zing'onozing'ono, selo AMAZICHITADI kwambiri m'thupi onse: kupuma, kuyenda, ndi kubalana. Amoeba Proteus (chithunzi limasonyeza fano lake pansi pa maso kuwala) ndi woimira lililonse subkingdoms yosavuta. miyeso yake sadzachitanso kufika 20 microns.

Amoeba Proteus: Maphunziro protozoans

Dzina la mtundu nyama umboni mlingo wa chipembedzo chake, kuyambira Proteus amatanthauza "mosavuta." Koma ndi nyama wosazindikira? Amoeba Proteus ndi nthumwi za gulu la zamoyo zimene zimayenda mwa outgrowths sanali okhazikika cytoplasm. Chimodzimodzinso kusuntha ndi maselo colorless magazi kuti apange chitetezo anthu. Iwo akutchedwa leukocytes. kayendedwe awo khalidwe otchedwa - amoeboid.

Kodi mtundu wa chilengedwe anthu Amoeba Proteus

Izi chamoyo yosavuta wakonda kukhala madzi atsopano ndi mchere. A zinthu makamaka yabwino kwa iye waterlogging, lawola monga ndondomeko amafuna ambiri mabakiteriya, amene kudya mogwirizana izi. Komabe, pa nkhani yokhudza kamwazi angamasuke ku lumen za m'mimba anthu. Koyamba zingaoneke kuti ndi mitundu parasitic. Koma maganizo ndi olakwika. Kukhala intestine, izo wakudya zosiyanasiyana tizilombo sizingawononge anthu umabweretsa. Koma ngati matumbo anadabwa amoeba akulowa ziwiya magazi ndi akuyamba kudya maselo ofiira. Pankhaniyi, makoma anapanga zilonda. Ndi kachilombo kamwazi amoeba mungathe, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi yaiwisi, masamba zauve ndi zipatso.

Okhala kusukulutsa madzi Amoeba Proteus sizingawononge aliyense umabweretsa. malo Izi yoyenera kwambiri, chifukwa zimangotengera yofunika kwambiri mu unyolo chakudya.

mbali structural

Amoeba Proteus ndi woimira kalasilo, koma subkingdoms zamoyo unicellular. kukula kwake nkomwe ukufika 0,05 mm. Apoyera Tingaone ndi chotupa sadzachitanso amaonekera wa zakudya. Koma a organelles lalikulu selo adzakhala kuonekera yekha pa maso kuwala magnification mkulu.

Zimaonekera Amoeba proteus maselo wagawo umaimiridwa ndi selo nembanemba, chimene chiri chabwino kwambiri elasticity. Mkati pali zili theka-madzi - cytoplasm. Limayenda nthawi zonse, kuchititsa mapangidwe prolegs. Amoeba - eukaryotic nyama. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhani yake majini ndi unazunguliridwa mu pakati.

Kayendedwe ka losavuta

Monga amoeba upita motsutsa izo? Izi zachitika mwa outgrowths sanali okhazikika cytoplasm. Iye akusunthira kupanga protrusion. Ndiyeno bwino amalowa cytoplasm mu selo. Pseudopodia kukopedwa ndipo anapanga kwina. Pachifukwa ichi, Amoeba Proteus alibe thupi la yokhalitsa.

chakudya

Amoeba proteus angathe phage ndi pinocytosis. njira iyi mayamwidwe zolimba selo ndi zakumwa, motero. Izo wakudya algae tosaoneka ndi maso, mabakiteriya mogwirizana ngati-zamoyo. Amoeba Proteus (chithunzi pansipa atsimikiza misampha ndondomeko chakudya) wazungulira iwo ndi mapazi ake onyenga. Komanso, chakudya ndi mkati mwa selo. Mozungulira icho amayamba m'mimba vacuole. Chifukwa michere m'mimba lamamatira particles, chosakanikirana ndi thupi, ndi zotsala undigested amachotsedwa kudzera Kakhungu lapansi. Phagocytosis ndi leukocytes magazi kuwononga particles tizilombo ozama mphindi iliyonse anthu ndi nyama. Ngati maselo amenewa si kutetezedwa zamoyo njira iyi, moyo zikanakhala pafupi zosatheka.

Kuwonjezera pa apadera organelles okwanira mu cytoplasm ndi akhoza anatembenukira. Izi si okhazikika selo dongosolo. Iwo kudziunjikira mu cytoplasm, kumene ndi Nzofunikira ichi. Zolowa, pamene izi zimachitika kufunikira kwambiri. Izi wowuma tirigu ndi m'malovu zamadzimadzi.

mpweya

Amoeba Proteus, komanso zamoyo zonse zokhala ndi selo imodzi, alibe organelles apadera kunyamula pa ndondomeko ya kupuma. Limagwiritsa ntchito mpweya kusungunuka m'madzi kapena madzi ena, pamene izo zifika amoebae opezeka zamoyo zina. Mpweya kuwombola kumachitika kudzera pamwamba wagawo amoeba. Selo nembanemba ndi permeable kwa mpweya ndi mpweya.

kubalana

Pakuti amoeba ndi amakhala ndi asexual kubalana. Ndicho, magawano m'zipinda awiri. Zimenezi ikuchitika yekha m'miyezi yotentha. Kumachitika mu magawo angapo. Choyamba wogawanika pakati. Iwo umachokera ankasiyana constriction. Chifukwa cha phata limodzi anapanga awiri ofanana. The cytoplasm ali pakati pa iwo. malo ake mphete-wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba padziko phata la n'kupanga maselo awiri latsopano. Contractile vacuole ndi mmodzi wa iwo, ndi zina mapangidwe ake amapezeka kachiwiri. Kudulidwa kumachitika mwa mitosis, kotero maselo mwana wamkazi ali ndi buku lenileni la kholo la. amoeba kubalana ndondomeko kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri: kangapo patsiku. Kotero kuti moyo amayembekezeka aliyense ndi yaing'ono.

kuthamanga lamulo

amoebae kwambiri akupezeka mu malo m'madzi. Mmenemo kuchuluka kwa mchere. Anaiwononga wa chinthu mu cytoplasm wa losavuta. Choncho, madzi ayenera kubwera ku dera la ndende apamwamba a zinthu zosiyana. Awa ndi malamulo a sayansi. Pankhaniyi, thupi la amoeba umenewo ndi kung'ambika kwa chinyezi owonjezera. Koma izi sadzafika chifukwa zochita za apadera contractile vacuole. Kuchotsa madzi owonjezera ndi mchere mu izo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo kupereka homeostasis - yokonza wa mosalekeza wa chilengedwe mkati.

ndi chotupa chimene

Amoeba Proteus, komanso yosavuta ena, makamaka ndinazolowera zinachitikira zinthu chowawa. foni yake wasiya kudya, mphamvu zako zonse moyo amachepetsa, kagayidwe oyima. Amoeba kusiya kugawa. Iwo ali ndi chipolopolo wandiweyani ndi ofunikira amanyamula akumane nthawi utali uliwonse. Izi zimachitika nthawi iliyonse m'dzinja ndi isanayambike kutentha unicellular chamoyo amayamba kupuma mofulumira, kudyetsa ndi kuberekana. Chinthu chomwecho zingachitike miyezi yotentha, ndi isanayambike chilala. Mapangidwe cysts tanthauzo. Iwo kwagona kuti okhumudwa amanyamula amoebae mphepo pa ataliatali, Russell yambiri.

irritability

Kumene, pa wamanjenje dongosolo la mogwirizana izi si funso, chifukwa thupi lawo tichipeza selo imodzi yokha. Komabe, chuma ichi wa zamoyo zonse ku amoeba proteus anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a Matakisi. Mawu amenewa amanena za kulabadira kwa mtundu wina kanthu. Iwo akhoza kukhala abwino. Mwachitsanzo, amoeba bwino akusunthira kwa zinthu chakudya. zodabwitsazi akuchitira angayerekezedwe ndi bongo wa nyama. Zitsanzo za matakisi zoipa ndi zoyenda Amoeba proteus ku kuwala, ku dera la amenewa mkulu kapena zikuchitika makina. Luso limeneli kwenikweni mtengo yoteteza.

Choncho Amoeba Proteus ndi nthumwi lililonse subkingdoms yosavuta kapena zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Gulu la nyama ndi ambiri wosazindikira anakonza. thupi lawo wapangidwa ndi selo imodzi, koma amatha kuchita ntchito ya lake lonse: kupuma, kudya, kubereka, kusuntha, anatani zimene zikuchitika ndi zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe. Amoeba proteus zimadalirana ndi mbali madzi ndi mchere, koma akhoza kukhala ndi zamoyo zina. Mu chikhalidwe, ndi ophunzira mu vuto la nkhani ndi mgwirizano zofunika unyolo chakudya, kukhala maziko mayiwe ambiri zomera.