Maphunziro "bonasi-malus" - ndichiyani? Maphunziro "bonasi-malus" ukudziwa bwanji?

Mtengo wa mfundo kumaphatikizapo mtengo m'munsi amene zimasiyanasiyana kuti zinthu zina. Iwo amadalira mphamvu ya galimoto, mkulu ndi zaka dalaivala ndi magawo ena. Chimodzi mwa zinthu ndi gulu la "bonasi-malus". Ndi chiyani icho? Monga kuwerenga? Kodi chithunzi ichi zimatengera? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

tanthauzo

XRD anayambitsa koyefishienti ponena pamene kuwerengetsa kufunika kwa CTP makamaka ndi galimoto - ". Malus-bonasi" Maphunziro Ndi chiyani icho? Mogwirizana kusintha mu mtengo wa ndalama m'munsi chibwenzi ndi limathetseratu vuto lina lililonse madalaivala zolondola amene zinachitikira yaitali ngozi wopanda galimoto. Kwa anthu amene akhala amachirikiza ngozi, zikhoza ufalikire - kuonjezera yolipirira ndi nthawi 2.5.

Maphunziro "bonasi-malus" (MSC) - kuchotsera galimoto ndi zaukhondo. Makampani a inshuwalansi ndi chidwi ndi madalaivala zolondola. Mwanjira mphoto yawo tariff amapereka koefishienti, kupereka kuchotsera kwa makasitomala. Inshuwalansi akuda index anali mwakuchita MSC, amene ali ndi udindo ngozi wopanda galimoto ndipo amapereka kuchotsera 5% chaka chilichonse. Mogwirizana yekha ngozi imene malipiro anachira.

Monga MTPL osamvera akudzitengera zinawonongedwa ndi mwini wa mfundo lachitatu maphwando, mu nkhani iyi, kutenga nkhani chabe ngozi, amene anali woyambitsa wa kasitomala. Nkhani kuphatikizapo chokongoletsedwa popanda kukhalapo apolisi magalimoto (kupatula evroprotokol) sali kuwerengedwa. Nkhani ya mgwirizano ndi udindo woyendetsa, osati chuma. Imfa kupanga anapereka kwa ndalama, omwe angathe kusauka mtengo wa malamulo. Kuti ndi vuto lililonse ulendo kwa kasitomala amalandira "bonasi", nanga anachititsa ngozi - "malus". Choncho dzina la chizindikiro.

Kodi kudziwa gulu la "bonasi-malus"?

Ndi kusakhulupirika, MSC si m'gulu la akuti sar kampani Nawonso achichepere - izo zinalembedwa deta pa zimenezi yapita, anapereka pa munthu ndi galimoto. Izi masamu ndi wothandizila kwa nzika apilo zoona. Kudzakhala amathandiza kuti akuti sar zakafukufuku ku mapeto a mgwirizanowo panopa. udindo uwu wotetezedwa Chilamulo "Pa Yokakamiza". Zochita izo sikawirikawiri anachita. Chongani gulu la "bonasi-malus" kungakhale osati inshuwalansi kampani, komanso kudzera webusaiti RSA. A wapadera m'pofunika mwachindunji ndi VIN code, dzina ndi deta ya pasipoti lapansi. chifukwa The Adzaperekedwa ku mawonekedwe a fractional chiwerengero osiyanasiyana kuti 2,45.

mitundu koefishienti

Pali 13 makalasi a MSC wa - kuchokera nthawi madalaivala 'ndi kupitirira, malingana ndi chiwerengero cha ngozi komanso kubweza inshuwalansi kwa iwo (mwini mfundo angakhudzidwe, koma ngozi ponena).

Kwa tebulo, inu mosavuta kupeza koyefishienti ndi "bonasi-malus". Ndondomeko ya mawerengedwe ndi mchitidwe chizindikiro ichi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu. malamulo General ntchito tebulo mukuonera nyemba. Woyendetsa KMB kalasi lachisanu. Amaona mfundo MTPL ndi 0,9 koyefishienti. Ngati ndi chaka chathunthu popanda ngozi yolipirira, ndiye kalasi lachisanu ndi chimodzi kukula 15% kuchotsera. Koma ngati woyendetsa imautsa ngozi, kalasi yafupika 3. Ngati ndi 2 ngozi - chinachake 1. Ntchito lonse anayambiranso. M'chaka achuluke kalasi ya chimodzi chokha. Ngati m'miyezi 12 dalaivalayo si kutsimikiza pa CTP, mfundo za iye m'munsi mwa akuti sar ali basi bwererani.

zitsanzo

Man August 9, 2014, kwa nthawi yoyamba anagula mfundo MTPL kwa chaka. Pa nthawi imene malipoti, iye konse mu ngozi. "Bonasi-malus" Iye anachotsedwa kwa kalasi. Kodi mukudziwa kukula ake? Poyamba, dalaivala anatumizidwa m'kalasi yachitatu ndi mtengo index 1. Chaka chotsatira, kukwera bwino kalasi lake 4 ndi mtengo wa koyefishienti wa 0,95 nkhani.

Chitsanzo zovuta zambiri. August 8, 2015, kwa nthawi yoyamba munthu inshuwaransi galimoto ndi zaka 5 sanapeze ngozi. Mu 2020, iye anali ndi udindo ngozi awiri. gulu la "bonasi-malus" adzaukitsidwa mu nkhani iyi. Ndi chiyani icho? Mu zaka zisanu 'yopuma-ngakhale "Dalaivala udachita ndi 8 kalasi MSC. Koma pambuyo ngozi awiri chizindikiro unayamba kupita kwa wachiwiri ndi mtengo wa 1.4.

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito MSC kwa inshuwalansi poyera ndi zochepa

Malinga ndi chikalata "The mitengo mmphepete zamitundu," kalasi ndi masamu deta pa mwini poyerekezera ndi galimoto. Malinga ndi pangano lawo, palibe malire pa chiwerengero cha anthu anavomereza kuti kasamalidwe galimoto. Kuchotsera anatsimikiza pamaziko a deta za galimoto ndi gulu la asilikali, lomwe kale. Ngati zimenezi akusowa, mwini ulipo kwa Maphunziro 3.

Ngati mfundo ndi linapereka mopanda malire madalaivala, ndi koyefishienti akufunitsitsa kuti mwini galimoto. KBM - khalidwe la dalaivala, ulemu galimoto lake, osati makina. Ngati mfundo analeredwa ndi anthu 5, likhoza ndi ovulala utachepa yekha mlandu phwando, si madalaivala onse.

Ngati kale Munthu wachitatu akhala adalowa mgwirizano kwa inshuwalansi zochepa, kenako dalaivala anaganiza kuti apereke MTPL ndi ambiri madalaivala, pofuna kuchotsera mu ndondomeko ayenera mwachindunji wina (mabwenzi, achibale, kapena abwenzi), kuti kutaya ndalama movutikira.

Pamene ntchito kwa MSC inshuwalansi zochepa?

Pankhaniyi, mtengo ndondomeko kuchita masamu pa kalasi osachepera anthu analowa mu mfundo ndi mbiri amasungidwa aliyense woyendetsa. Mwachitsanzo a MSC woyamba limasonyeza 0,6 dalaivala, wachiwiri - 0,9. Mu kuwerengetsa ndi CTP chidzamasulidwa ku 0,9.

zolakwika

Nthawi zina dalaivala wabwino vuto lililonse zinachitikira, koma deta kutsimikiza chimaonetsedwa kalasi m'munsi "bonasi-malus". Ndi chiyani icho? zifukwa ziwiri zitheka:

• dalaivala osati kutsimikiza kwa yapita Chaka chino, ndipo sangapezeke mwa mfundo ina monga munthu udindo oyang'anira za TC;
• kampani inshuwalansi chabe wabweretsa nkhani ku akuti sar zakafukufuku.

The chachiwiri ambiri vuto. Ndipo izo siziri mu chosasamala ndodo, ndi kuti mfundo analowa mu Nawonso achichepere a pamanja. Chifukwa zolakwa nkotheka kapena kuiŵala. Nkhani zoipa ndi kuti kubwezeretsa "bezavariyku" chifuniro kudzera m'makhoti. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa kuti bonasi ndi Yambitsaninso. Mukhoza kuchita izi mwa kulankhula inshuwalansi kapena payekhapayekha kutsimikizira mfundo pamalowa. Kenako muyenera kutsatira mwachindunji PCA, yomwe musankhe ndondomeko za m'mbuyomo ndi chiwerengero panopa MTPL kuti ogwira ntchito angakhale wotsimikiza kuti ngozi zimene mwakumana nazo. Pamakhala dandaulo kwa insurer ku Bank ku Central la Russia. Ngati zimenezi sizipangitsa kuthandiza, muli kupita kukhoti.

zoletsa

CTP mgwirizano gawo ndi miyezi zosakwana 12. Woyendetsa chifukwa kuchotsera kwa "profitability" - kalasi ya "bonasi-malus". Kodi ndikudziwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama? Palibe. Mwa lamulo, MSC adzakhala kokha ntchito kwa malamulo, limene lilipobe chifukwa 1 chaka.

Pomaliza

Makampani a inshuwalansi ndi chidwi ndi dalaivala wachikulire, amene kwa nthawi yaitali bwino ankalamulira galimoto. Ndi MSC chinthu udaikidwa kulimbikitsa anthu oterowo. Iye ndi amene awarding madalaivala "opindulitsa" ndi kulanga anthu amene kawirikawiri limalowera mu ngozi. Kodi kuwerengera kalasi "bonasi-malus"? Chaka chilichonse kukwera bwino dalaivala adzalandira kuchotsera 5%. Pankhani ya inshuwalansi payout chiŵerengero kumawonjezera, ndi kasitomala ali kulipira ndalama zowonjezera malamulo.