Marquetry - ndichiyani? Marquetry nkhuni oyamba: ikulongosola za sayansi, malangizo

Wood mkati monga zokongoletsa ndi angagwiritsidwe ntchito konsekonse. Oak, mlombwa, mtedza, phulusa, chitumbuwa, ananyamula - mtundu phale ndi osiyanasiyana ngakhale chitsanzo yosavuta amayang'ana chidwi. Ndipo kuti nthawi ndi mwayi kugula mipando matabwa okwera mtengo, njira ya marquetry nkhuni limakupatsani azikongoletsa mkati, kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama. Ngakhale ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ndi zipangizo zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo, mipando amayang'ana kaso ndi choyambirira.

Kutanthauza "marquetry"

Pamene newbie woyamba wakumva mawu, iye akufunsa kuti: "Marquetry - ndichiyani?" Marqueterie akuti anatengedwa ku chinenero French, njira anawamasulira kuti "Mose." Mfundo njira imeneyi ili: mbale woonda nkhuni wapatali ali pamodzi ndi zojambula osiyana, ndipo glued maziko a. Ndi mtundu wa inlay. maziko ungakhale matabwa losavuta. Mu mbale ntchito, otchedwa splicing (njira German "tchipisi"), makulidwe osati choposa 3 mm, zosiyanasiyana mtundu ndi kapangidwe. A iwo ndi kulenga chithunzi zithunzi okongola kwambiri, kukongoletsa mipando, makoma, pansi panyumba kudenga.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Malinga ndi asayansi, olemba mbiri luso, zaka masauzande ambiri zapitazo, njira marquetry wakhala kudziwika. Pa yomanga ya manda akale Farao anapeza zidutswa wapadera ntchito zithunzi anapanga ya mkungudza ndiponso ebone. Opanga Ancient Greece ndi Rome komanso bwinobwino ntchito mu ulemerero wa nyumba ndi ulemerero wa mipando. Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pali yojambula wamphamvu mu gawo luso: Kutulukira makina wapadera kunapangitsa kukhazikitsa ulimi wa maonekedwe anachekedwa, mipando maonekedwe ndi nkhuni wapatali kuthi khalidwe misa. Anthu amatenga chidwi marquetry, chimene icho chiri, iye amadziwa pafupifupi aliyense. The zithunzi matabwa si otchuka okha, komanso angakwanitse kwambiri. Ife ntchito kwa mazana a mitundu ya mitengo, mtundu wawo wolemera phale ndipo zosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe angalenge katswiri weniweni.

M'zaka za m'ma 18. mtengo zithunzi luso wafika Russia. Kuimba zithunzi ntchito azikongoletsa apansi, malinga, zitseko, mipando. Nkhani wotchuka m'masiku amenewo anali zithunzi kuchokera m'Baibulo, amajambulapo maluwa okongola achilengedwe, mitunda, dongosolo zojambula. M'njiramo ambuye ndi akupeza njira zatsopano: chosema, etching, anakopekanso, poyatsira. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mwachibadwa wamkulu, kufanana kwa apachiyambi kusonyeza m'maganizo ndi abwino a mbuye.

Today marquetry njira si zochepa otchuka. The zithunzi matabwa sikuti ntchito yokongola ya mkati ndi katundu, komanso kulenga murals wokongola, zojambula, mapanelo khoma, papezeka-galasi mawindo.

Posankha maonekedwe: nsonga kwa oyamba

Monga mmene zinalili ina, apa muyenera zinachitikira. Munthu woyamba wayamba ntchito, pali mafunso ambiri kwambiri akuoneka zovuta, kuphatikizapo tanthauzo kwambiri kwa marquetry, chimene icho chiri, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za ntchito njira imeneyi. Nsonga anakumana amisiri wosalira kwambiri ntchito ndi kupanga ndondomeko zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu kusankha maonekedwe ayenera kukumbukira kuti yake kusintha mtundu pambuyo umapezeka ndi processing wa lacquer. Thandizeni novice wapadera phale limene mbale maonekedwe anakonza bwalo, kwa mbandakucha kuti mdima. Amalephera kupeza mthunzi bwino ntchito lamulo zoyambirira za luso - lamulo kusiyana. Iwo likukhalira kuti chitsanzo adzayang'ana osiyana ngati inu ntchito maonekedwe a mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mitundu. Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri tsenga: lililonse mbale mbali imodzi akhoza TACHIMATA ndi varnish ndi chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha mtundu m'tsogolo.

kuyatsa

Kusagwiritsa kuyatsa chimawononga ntchito ya m'tsogolo. Mu mdima, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kwambiri wowala, zosavuta kusankha molakwika mtundu. Bwino zachilengedwe kuwala yozungulira, kapena kukhala pafupi ndi iwo yokumba kuunikira.

Mpeni chida: bwanji kuti kwambiri

The chipangizo chachikulu ndi katswiri mpeni wapadera zitsulo ndi lathyathyathya beveled tsamba. Ngati mulibe kupeza zogulitsa wokonzeka, n'zosavuta kuti nokha kuchokera scalpel zachipatala. Nthawi zambiri zofunika kuchepetsa mphesa kutalika lonse ndi angagwirizanitse khasu. Kapena inu mungakhoze basi kukulunga ndi mmunsi mwa tepi ritsa. Kapenanso, n'zotheka kusintha lumo, wowachititsa mbali m'munsi, kupewa mabala zala namukulunga ndi tepi magetsi kapena tepi ritsa. zipangizo ayenera kukhala angapo: pakuti zinthu zazing'ono ndi zazikulu. Kuchokera pa zimene wakhala chopangidwa Kaya mpeni wodula, a magawo waukulu ndi izi: tsamba makulidwe - kuchokera 1 mpaka 1.5 mm, m'lifupi - 10 15 mm, kutalika - kuchokera 15 mpaka 20 mm, chamfer ngodya - 30-45 madigiri.

Zida zofunikira marquetry

ntchito zonse ikuchitika pa tebulo wapadera ndi mumbali pamwamba, yokutidwa ndi okhwima polystyrene. Ngati si muyenera kukonzekera chivindikiro osiyana ndi otsetsereka ndi ntchito zake pa desiki wamba monga padziko ntchito. Kuwonjezera mpeni, muyenera:

• Bar n'zotsimikizira. Mpeni Kukulitsa tikulimbikitsidwa yomweyo musanayambe kugwira ntchito. Ntchito yapadera kukulitsa mwala madzi-yonyowa izi. Kukulitsa - njira wosakhwima. Iwo ali osavomerezeka ntchito ndi mwala woperera magetsi, kotero inu mukhoza kuwotcha akadaulo a mpeni.
• Akupera khungu. Izo ntchito kusintha tsamba pa ntchito. Childs, kachidutswa kakang'ono wa phala pa chidutswa cha nkhuni. Popeza mpeni kudula maonekedwe molondola popanda akugwera m'mphepete, kagawo pa analandira mwangwiro athyathyathya maonekedwe pafupifupi si kutha ndi zigawo mosavuta analandira pakati pa doko a.
• Mpweya pepala.
• Whatman.
• Zambiri pensulo.
• Gel osakaniza cholembera wakuda.
• Line.
• Chofufutira.
• PVA ulimbo.
• Nitrocellulose lacquer.
• Kubowola ndi nozzle wapadera kwa akupera.
• Sandpaper ndi grits osiyana.
• Batani.
• Gummed tepi.
• Press.
• Thonje.
• Batani.

Ubwino tepi gummed

Nthawi zambiri ambuye gawo zinsinsi ndi atsopano, tikuwauza marquetry, chimene icho chiri, kodi zipangizo waukulu ndi zipangizo ntchito, onetsetsani kuti amanenanso za mwatsatanetsatane ndi zolakwa zotheka ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, simungathe ntchito tepi kwa iye pali kuda zomatira, limene n'zovuta kuchotsa. Choncho bwino njira - kugwiritsa ntchito tepi gummed, wapadera pepala Mzere, mbali imodzi ya zimene amaliona ndi ulimbo. Pa wetting ndi madzi mbali wachiwiri amakhala yomata. Pogula muyenera kusankha riboni kwambiri lonse, kovuta kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zazing'ono. Mu nkhani iyi, akhoza kudula mu n'kupanga yaing'ono.

Kupanga njira marquetry

1. Choyamba pakubwera lingaliro la kupenta, kukonza sewero pa pepala ndi ntchito mizere kujambula. Njira machenjerero marquetry - Kodi maziko a raboty.Na onse azigwirizana pamene mbali munthu ali okonzeka ndi apangidwe mu chithunzithunzi chonse. Iwo anakonza mu lonse la 1: 1, kapena yeniyeni, iwo ndi Chinsinsi cha chithunzi m'tsogolo, mfundo onse anaika ndi yomatidwa iwo. Ziwerengero kwa marquetry akhoza analenga pamanja kapena kukopera pa ntchito zatsirizidwa kale. Pankhaniyi chinawonjezeka kukula kuilakalaka, ndipo anasamutsira n'kufika pepala. Oyamba analimbikitsa ntchito pepala Zithunzi. Ngati inu basi kuyambapo ndi njira imeneyi, m'pofunika pitani makalasi angapo katswiri marquetry nkhuni oyamba kumvetsa zofunikira ndi zinsinsi luso.

2. tsatanetsatane Komanso pa chithunzi, ena masked, chithunzicho amati kuwala ndi mdima, ndiye kusankha bwino mtundu maonekedwe. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chachikulu ndicho mthunzi, ndipo palibe mtundu wa matabwa ndi mtengo wake.

3. Pa maziko matabwa mothandizidwa ndi pepala mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamangidwe yotsirizidwa.

4. mbali aliyense zikuchokera tadulidwa ku mpeni maonekedwe ndi pamanja anawonjezera kuti chitsanzo cha Mose.

5. Ngati ndi kotheka, njira walola marquetry kudzera yowotcha mbali munthu mu mchenga khwatsi, ndi kudetsa ndi chosema.

6. zinthu zonse zimayikidwa mu malo. Kumbali n'zosiyana wa pepala ayenera mosamala atathana ndi zomatira tepi. madera ambiri a zikuchokera tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pindani.

7. Pamwamba zithunzi m'tsogolo kudzoza ndi zomatira mbamuikha kumtunda gawo lapansi ndi. Ngati ndi kotheka, chitsulo ndi chitsulo, mopitirira kupita pa ziwalo za atolankhani zikuchokera.

8. Pamene zomatira uphwetsa, zomatira tepi atachotsedwa.

9. chithunzi sanded ndi varnished. Ngati ndi kotheka, anaikapo mu chimango cha.

Ndizo zonse. Mfundo kanthu kobvuta, ngati inu malangizo amenewa. malo abwino kuyamba kutenga zikuchokera wosavuta pang'onopang'ono moyamba zovuta zambiri. Experience - bwenzi labwino kwambiri ndi chithunzi cha katswiri.