Maselo macrophages. Kodi ndi zimene iwo ndi ntchito

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mapangidwe limagwirira a chitetezo chokwanira, i.e. katundu wa thupi kuteteza maselo ake ndi zinthu zachilendo (antigens) kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina). Chitetezo chokwanira akhoza kupangidwa m'njira ziwiri. The woyamba amatchedwa humoral ndi yodziwika ndi mbadwo wa mapuloteni wapadera zoteteza - Popanga madzi a gamma-globulin, ndipo chachiwiri - selo, ozikidwa pa chodabwitsa cha phagocytosis. Ndi chifukwa cha lomenyera ziwalo zokhudzana ndi endocrine ndi chitetezo, maselo apadera: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Maselo, macrophages: ndichiyani?

Macrophages pamodzi ndi maselo ena zoteteza (monocytes) nyumba zikuluzikulu phagocytosis - adani ndondomeko ndi chimbudzi cha zinthu zachilendo kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amasokoneza wabwinobwino wa chamoyo. Anafotokoza njira zodzitetezera anatulukira ndi kuphunzira ndi Russian physiologist Mechnikov mu 1883. Iye wakhalanso anapeza kuti chitetezo chokwanira ma amatanthauza phagocytosis - chibvomerezo zoteteza amateteza maselo ku matupi a kuipa kwa wothandizila yachilendo, wotchedwa antigens.

M'pofunika kumvetsetsa nkhaniyo kuti: macrophages - maselo ichi? Kumbukirani cytogenesis awo. Maselo amenewa zichokera kwa monocytes, amene achoka m'magazi ndi kudutsa mu minofu. Zimenezi amatchedwa diapedesis. The chifukwa cha izo ndi mapangidwe macrophages mu parenchyma a chiwindi, m'mapapo, mwanabele ndi ndulu.

Mwachitsanzo, macrophages alveolar anali yoyamba imene anakumana ndi zinthu zachilendo atsekerezedwa mu parenchyma m'mapapo mwanga ndi maselo yeniyeni. Kenako maselo amenewa m'thupi chidzakantha ndi kupukusa antigens ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, potero kuteteza ziwalo kupuma chifukwa choopa tizilombo ndi poizoni, komanso kuwononga particles wa poizoni mu mapapo ndi gawo la mpweya pa kudzoza. Komanso, anawonetsedwa kuti mlingo wa ntchito m'thupi la macrophages alveolar ofanana maselo zoteteza magazi - monocytes.

Features dongosolo ndi ntchito ya maselo mthupi

maselo Phagocytic ndi yeniyeni cytological dongosolo, amene amasankha ntchito ya macrophages. Awo maselo amatha kupanga pseudopodia akutumikira yosangalatsa ndi enveloping particles yachilendo. The cytoplasm mwadzaza organelles m'mimba - lysosomes kuonetsetsa lysis wa poizoni, mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya. Mitochondria imapezekanso, synthesizing molekyulu adenosine triphosphate, umene uli waukulu mphamvu mankhwala macrophages. Pali dongosolo la machubu ndi tubular - ndi reticulum endoplasmic kwa organelles mapuloteni-synthesizing - ribosomes. Amafuna pamaso pa mtima chimodzi kapena zingapo, nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe osasamba. macrophages Polynuclear otchedwa symplasts. Iwo anapanga chifukwa cha karyokinesis okhudza maselo ambiri, popanda kudzipatula ambiri cytoplasm lapansi.

mitundu ya macrophages

M'pofunika kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "macrophages" kuti si mtundu wina wa nyumba chitetezo ndi tsitosistema osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyanitsa amodzi ndi ufulu maselo zozitetezera. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo macrophages alveolar, phagocytes parenchyma cavities ndi ziwalo. Komanso anakonza maselo mthupi alipo zikuchokera osteoblasts ndi lymph mfundo. Depot ndi magazi kupanga ziwalo - chiwindi, ndulu ndi wofiira mafupa - muli macrophages lokhazikika.

ndi chitetezo chokwanira selo nkhoswe Kodi

Mitundu pamwamba pa phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu amaphatikiza dongosolo kwambiri kothandiza amene mwachindunji amapereka mphamvu zomuthandiza wothandizila tizilombo ndi poizoni, ndi kuwononga iwo ndi nalanda ndi chimbudzi. Komanso, dziko ma chitetezo chokwanira amapereka chitetezo opangidwa ndi T- ndi B-lymphocytes, amene kumumanga zimaonekera antigens cha mavairasi, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo okhudza maselo ambiri rickettsiae ndi chlamydiae.

Zotumphukira m'thupi magazi kupanga ziwalo, tonsils anapereka, ndulu ndi lymph mfundo, kupanga zinchito dongosolo umodzi umene umakumana ndi magazi, ndipo immunogenez.

Udindo wa macrophages mu mapangidwe kukumbukira m'thupi

Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi maselo Antigen angathe phagocytosis, yotsirizira amatha "lomalikumbukira" amuzolengedwa mbiri ya tizilomboto ndi udindo kupanga oteteza izo kachiwiri malowedwe mu selo lamoyo. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kukumbukira immunological: zabwino ndi zoipa. Onse a iwo ndizo zotsatira za ntchito ya lymphocytes opangidwa ku thymus ndi, ndulu, mipukutuyi mu matumbo khoma ndipo lymph mfundo. Zikuphatikizapo ena ofanana ndi lymphocytes - maselo monocytes - macrophages.

A positive immunological pamtima zayamba chifukwa thupi kwa katemera ngati njira yopewera matenda opatsirana. Popeza maselo kukumbukira msanga kuzindikira antigens amene ali katemera, iwo pomwepo kukumana mapangidwe mofulumira chitetezo zozitetezera. Chodabwitsa kukumbukira zoipa m'thupi ndi n'komwe mu kupatsidwa zina kuchepetsa mlingo wa kukana ziwalo kuziika ndipo zimakhala.

Ubale wa hematopoietic ndi chitetezo kachitidwe

Maselo onse okhudzidwa thupi chitetezo yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi poizoni kwaiye mu mafupa, amenenso ndi hematopoietic limba. Thymus kapena thymus zokhudzana ndi dongosolo endocrine, ntchito ya chitetezo chokwanira m'munsi dongosolo. Mu thupi, ndi wofiira mafupa, thymus ndi Kwenikweni, ziwalo yaikulu ya immunogenesis.

maselo Phagocytic kuwononga toyambitsa zambiri limodzi ndi kutukusira mu zimakhala matenda ndi ziwalo. Anapanga wapadera pophika - kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi activating Chinthu (PAF), amene kumawonjezera permeability Mitsempha. Choncho, ambiri macrophages magazi kuwafika malo tizilomboto ndi kuuononga.

Ataphunzira macrophages - mtundu wa maselo zimene ziwalo iwo amapangidwa ndi zimene zimagwira ntchito akutsatiridwa - taona kuti, pamodzi ndi zina lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), iwo ali waukulu maselo mthupi.