The thymus England - chapakati ulamuliro immunogenesis

Endocrine ziwalo - ndi endocrine zopangitsa popanda ducts excretory, zofunika ambiri a iwo ndi: England pineal, zopangitsa adrenal, pituitary England, zopangitsa parathyroid, komanso kugonana ndi kapamba. Komanso, pali chitsulo, kaphatikizidwe mapangidwe mahomoni ndi ntchito zina sanali endocrine zikuphatikizapo ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, kapamba, mazira, nsengwa ndi thymus. Komanso, kuwonjezera pa dongosolo endocrine, luso secrete mahomoni mu magazi ndi ziwalo zina, zopangitsa malovu, lacunar England, impso, chiwindi, m'mimba ndipo matumbo.

Thymus umatchedwanso thymus kapena thymus, ndi chachikulu limba immunogenesis. Ntchito yake yaikulu ili kuti zonse mapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Pamene munthu wasinthika maselo tsinde hematopoietic mu T-lymphocytes.

The thymus England ili kuseri kwa sternum pamtima chapamwamba, pamwamba pa mtolo mtima za mtima. Iwo ali awiri asymmetric lobes zinaphatikizidwa, yokutidwa ndi woonda connective kapisozi ndipo imakhala mankhwala yokhudza kotekisi ndi ubongo. Magawo a thymus England zosiyana kukula, pali milandu pamene chitsulo anali nawo wapakatikati. Nsalu England zikuphatikizapo mnogootrostchatyh epitelioretikulotsitov zomwe kupanga atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena maukonde ndi lymphocytes zimachitika zingwe zopota lapansi.

Kuika thymus limapezeka pa mwezi wachiwiri wa mimba, ndi kubadwa kwa iyo ili ali ndi kukula pazipita poyerekezera ndi malo okwana thupi pamwamba anthu. Akamakula chiŵerengero imeneyi amachepetsa ndi zaka ndipo pafupifupi mwathunthu atrophied, ndi onse minofu yake zinchito m'malo mwa mafuta minofu. mitsempha ambiri amachokera ku mkati thoracic ndi otsika mitsempha chithokomiro, amene kupereka magazi kwa thymus England. mtsempha wake otaya m'chipinda chamkati nthiti ndi brachiocephalic mtsempha, wachifundo innervation anagwira timphukira ndi misempha vagus.

The njira yodalirika ndi nkhani matenda monga immunological ndi cytological zofufuza, komanso njira X-ray.

Kukachitika kuti thymus ndi malformations monga aplasia ndi hypoplasia, pali zochitika za immunodeficiency chachikulu, amene anatsagana ndi zizindikiro za chopinga zakuthwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndi kobwereza yotupa matenda matumbo, ndi kapepala kupuma. zopambana izi kawirikawiri kwambiri chifukwa cha imfa ya odwala. Choncho, ngati makanda wamng'ono, kobwereza yotupa matenda matumbo, ndi kapepala kupuma ayenera kukhala anaphunzira zinchito thymus kuteteza kuwonjezeka kwa thymus England ana. Matendawa kuwonjezeka zimenezi zimatheka mothandizidwa ndi maphunziro X-ray. Waukulu radiological chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kuwonjezeka thymus ndi kudziwika chizindikiro makamaka, wotchedwa columnar kapena zapamwamba mtima, pamene mthunzi adzapitiriza kukula kwa thymus England merges ndi mthunzi wa mtima, kupanga chodabwitsa chithunzi cha mithunzi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za thymus England ndi: kuwonjezeka ambiri lymph mfundo, tonsils, adenoids, thymus, kuvutika kakulidwe (m'chiuno dislocation, syndactyly, chophukacho), hypotension, nsangalabwi khungu, mtima mungoli zipolowe, hyperhidrosis, kunenepa.

Chithandizo cha zinthu chifukwa cha kukanika kwa England thymus, ndi kuchotsa ake (thymectomy), dietetics ndi mankhwala, mankhwala corticosteroid. Ngati alipo thymic hyperplasia alibe mawonetseredwe matenda a phukusi yogwira mankhwala chofunika.