Zokongola ndi zonunkhira: kodi maluwa ndi chiyani?

Kodi maluwa ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri komanso zochititsa chidwi. Poyamba anthu ankakondwera ndi malo a kuthengo, mapiri, maluwa a m'nkhalango, pang'onopang'ono amavumbula zinsinsi za chirengedwe, anakhazikitsa mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu ya zomera zokongola izi.

Kawirikawiri, maluwa akhalapo nthawi zonse pamoyo wa munthu pazochitika zosangalatsa komanso zowawa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yake yochititsa chidwi, maluwa atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Uwu ndi msonkho kwa kuyamikira, ndi chizindikiro cha ulemu, ndi chisonyezo cha chisoni.

Kodi maluwa a chomera ndi chiyani: biology yaying'ono

Nthawi ya maluwa ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa mbewu. Duwa limaphatikizapo mapangidwe a kamwana kapena mbeu. Malingaliro a sayansi a maluwa ndi awa: ndilo limba la kufalitsa mbewu. Ndilo maluwa amene mapulisa amawonekera. Nthawi zambiri tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, koma njira zina ndizotheka. Tsinde la mbeu iliyonse limatha ndi masamba kapena duwa. Chomera chilichonse chimakhala ndi maluwa. Pali sayansi yomwe bungwe ili linayambira kuthawa. Ndipo ndithudi, mitundu ina ya zomera imakhala ndi maluwa ofanana ndi maluwa ochepa, mwachitsanzo, asters kapena dahlias.

Kwenikweni, maluwa ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena amapanga fungo lokoma. Mwa njira izi zomera zimakoka tizilombo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kununkhira sikupangidwa ndi petals, koma ndi timadzi tokoma. Izi ndizipangizo zapamwamba zomwe zimakhala zonunkhira komanso zonunkhira. Pakatikati mwa duwa ndi pestle lozunguliridwa ndi stamens. Pamapeto a stamens ndi "matumba", kumene mungu umabala. "Matumba" awa amatenga dzina la sayansi lina. Pamene umeretsedwa, mungu umafika pestle ndi kumera mmenemo. Choncho zipatso zimapangidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa mu perfumery

Zaka zoposa 4000 zapitazo zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa kuti apange mafuta onunkhira. Ku Cyprus, ku Pyrgos, malo ogwirira ntchito anapezeka ndi zipangizo zamtundu uliwonse popanga zofukiza zonunkhira. Pambuyo pofufuza, zapezeka kuti mafuta opangira mafutawa anali ndi singano, amondi, mchisitara ndi zomera zina. Komanso, Marabu wina wotchedwa Avicenna nayenso ankagwira ntchito yochotsa zinthu zonunkhira kuchokera maluwa. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zake zodziwika kwambiri ndi madzi a pinki, omwe amasangalala ndi kutchuka kwake mpaka lero.

M'dziko lamakono, mafuta odzola kapena ofunikira a kupanga mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonunkhira. Zigawo zochepa zokha zimalengedwa pokhazikitsidwa ndi zigawo zachilengedwe. Maluwa monga rose, lavender, jasmine, kakombo-la-chigwa, narcissus, kakombo ndi hyacinth, musalole akazi padziko lonse kuti asayanjane ndi mafuta onunkhira.

Maluwa Kuphika

Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya zonunkhira, anthu akhala akuwagwiritsa ntchito pophika. Njira yosavuta yoigwiritsira ntchito ndiyo mitundu yonse ya zakumwa kapena teas ndi maluwa. Ochepa sanayese tiyi ndi jasmine kapena linden. Kuphatikizanso, aliyense amadziwa kupanikizana kuchokera ku rosi yamtengo kapena zakudya kuchokera ku marigold maluwa ndi raspberries. Ngati mutembenukira ku mabuku owerengeka, ndiye Ray Bradbury mu ntchito zake akutchula vinyo kuchokera ku dandelions. Ili ndi kukoma kodabwitsa komanso kowala.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuphika, maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika nyama kapena nsomba, amawonjezeredwa ku saladi ndi mchere, ndiwo zokongoletsera kwambiri za confectionery. Mayina a maluwa awa ali pamilomo ya aliyense: awa ndiwo daisies, pansies, violets, nasturtiums ndi zomera zina zomwe zimafala ku Russia.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mankhwala

Maluwa a zomera zina amakhala ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, aliyense amadziwa zomwe maluwa a calendula ali. Ndi matenda a kummero, kupukutira kumathandiza ndi kulowetsedwa kwa iwo. Pofuna kusintha vutoli ndi chimfine, chakumwa chojambulidwa chimathandiza. Maluwa immortelle (dzina limadzilankhulira palokha) ndilo lapadera, amatha kuthandiza ndi matenda monga cholecystitis, chiwindi cha chiwindi, matenda oopsa. Mwa zina, ali ndi choleretic katundu. Mankhwala amakono, ngakhale kuti ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza "flower pharmacy."

Kuyambira kale, maluwa a zomera zina agwiritsidwa ntchito monga poizoni. Ngati muyang'ana mbiri, mukhoza kuona kuti mitundu ya mitunduyi inathandiza kusintha mbiri ya dziko limodzi.

Kodi maluwa okonzeka ndi chiyani?

Sizilengedwa zonse zakuthupi ndizosavulaza. Pali gulu lina la zinyama. Mitengo yambiri ya mtunduwu imakula ku Africa, koma mitundu ina imapezeka ku Russia. Mu maluwa okondweretsa maluwa okongola amasonyeza ngozi.

Kawirikawiri, nyama zowononga zimakhala ndi maluwa omwe amatha kutulutsa tizilombo tokoma. Ndipo tizilombo tikangokhala pa duwa limenelo, masamba ake amawombera kapena tizilombo timalowa mmenemo, osakhoza kutuluka. Mu mbale ya maluwa a zomera zoterozo, ang'onoang'ono makoswe nthawi zina amagwa. Kuwala kwambiri maluwa, kwambiri poizoni kapena oopsa.

Zosangalatsa za maluwa

Pomalizira, mfundo zochepa zochititsa chidwi:

• Maluwa ena ndi chizindikiro cha izi kapena dzikoli. Mwachitsanzo, kodi maluwa ndi otani? Ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lonse cha England, United States ndi Iran. Mac ndi chizindikiro cha kukumbukira anthu amene anaphedwa mu nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse m'mayiko monga United States, France ndi England.
• Chipembedzo cha maluwa ku Egypt chili ndi nthawi yoposa zaka 4000.
• Mphamvu pazowonjezera kukula ndi thupi. Kukula kwake tsiku kumakafika 20 mm.
• Maluwa okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi golide wamtengo wapatali, mtengo wake ndiposa 5000 cu.
• Gladiolus ndi imodzi mwa zomera zakale kwambiri. Dzina lake linali chifukwa cha kufanana kwake kwa maluwa ake ndi lupanga la gladiator.