Matenda a fungal a mitengo ya apulo

Mtengo wa Apple ndiwo malo ambiri omwe amapezeka m'munda wamaluwa. Kutchuka kotereku sikufotokozedwa phindu la zipatso zomwe zimapezeka, komanso chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwa mbewu yokha. Mtengo wa apulo suli wofunikanso kwambiri kuti ukhale wozungulira nthaka, umalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino. Komabe, ngati chamoyo chilichonse, chikhalidwe cha m'mundawu ndi chofala ndi matenda. Matenda owopsa kwambiri a mitengo ya apulo ndiwo fungal nkhanambo, khansara yakuda ndi zowola zipatso.

Parsh ndi matenda a fungal omwe amapezeka m'madera onse a dzikoli. Bowa zimakhudza zipatso ndi masamba, ndipo nthawi zina amawombera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira pa masamba ogwa. Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, bowa amawoneka ngati piritsi, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zakuda zakuda zomwe zimapanga masamba osagwa. Pambuyo msinkhu, thupi la chipatso limaphulika, kuponyera mumlengalenga zambiri za fungal spores. Kamodzi pamtengo, spores zimamera, kupanga ma mycelium atsopano, kulowa m'kati mwa zipatso ndi masamba. Okhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo, maapulo amatha, amapanga mawanga wakuda ndi amdima ndi kuvala koyera. Mawanga omwewo amatha kuwona pa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Kwa chitukuko cha mycelium, chinyezi n'chofunika, choncho nkhanambo imakula makamaka mwamsanga ngati mvula imagwa ndipo imakhala yotentha.

Mmene mungachitire matenda a fungal a mitengo ya apulo? Kuwongolera kwakukulu kukulimbikitsidwa kuti apereke ndondomeko zowatchinjiriza, komanso zokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa nkhanambo m'chilimwe. Ngati munda umakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti ngakhale mitengo isanayambe, mitengo imayenera kuchitidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pankhaniyi, yankho la nitrafen (300 magalamu pa chidebe cha madzi khumi) kapena 1% yothetsera DNOC imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, mu zotchedwa green cone gawo, mitengo imatulutsidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi (3-4% ndende). Pofuna kukonzekera kusakaniza, muyenera kutsuka 300-400 magalamu a mkuwa sulphate m'madzi pang'ono, ndiyeno mubweretse vutolo la magawo asanu. Mu chotengera china, 300-400 magalamu a mandimu amachotsedwa ndi madzi ochepa, ndipo mphamvu ya yankho imasinthidwanso ndi malita asanu. Tsopano sakanizani njira zonse ndikugwiritsira ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa buluu kupanga mankhwala opopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Matenda a apulo chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana samangokhala nkhanambo, matenda ochepa ndi ovunda. Gwero la matenda ndi maapulo omwe anakhudzidwa chaka chatha, omwe adatsalira pamtengo m'nyengo yozizira. M'chaka cha zipatso izi zimakula kwambiri, zomwe zimapanganso mtengo.

Mofanana ndi matenda ena oyipa a mitengo ya apulo, zowola zipatso zimayamba kwambiri nyengo yozizira komanso yofunda. Chipatso chofulumira kwambiri chimawonongeka kale, chomwe, mwachitsanzo, chingachitsidwe ndi tizilombo.

Ngati zipatso zowonongeka zimagwera mu yosungirako, zidzatengera maapulo abwino, makamaka matendawa akufalikira, ngati sitolo ili ndi mvula yambiri.

Kulimbana ndi zipatso zowola zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo monga mankhwala a nkhanambo. Ndikofunikira kuti mutenge njira zothandizira kugonjetsedwa kwa maapulo ndi mbozi ndi tizirombo tina tizilombo. Muyeso wovomerezeka ndi kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku mtengo wa zipatso zowawa ndi kuwonongedwa kwawo.

Gulu lina, lomwe limaphatikizapo matenda opweteka a mtengo wa apulo, amatchedwa khansa yakuda. Ndi matenda aakulu omwe amakhudza ziwalo za mtengo. Khansara yakuda ndi matenda a mitengo yakale, mitengo ya apulo, monga lamulo, musadwale. Mawonetseredwe a kachilomboka amawoneka ngati mabala a bulauni, omwe amawoneka kuti amalowetsedwa mu thupi la thunthu kapena nthambi zazikuru. Ndiye mawangawo amasandulika kukhala amng'alu ochepa omwe khungwa limakhala lakuda. Kukula kwa nthawi, utoto ukhoza kumangirira mtengo, chifukwa chake mtengowo udzafa.

Amalowetsa matenda m'thunthu la mtengowo mwa kuwonongeka kwachitsulo - kuphulika, kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena chisanu, kuwonongeka kwa makungwa.

Kupewa matenda a khansa yakuda kumaphatikizapo kusankha malo osungirako malo pansi pa munda, kusankha mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, chivundikiro cha malo owonongeka ku karoti ndi magawo, ndi kuchotsa mitengo yodwala kuchokera m'munda. Nanga bwanji ngati matendawa atha kale, mtengo wa apulo ukhoza kupulumuka? Matenda a fungal atha kuchiritsidwa m'malo ovuta, koma n'zotheka. Ngati mupeza zizindikiro za khansa yakuda, muyenera kudula malo okhudzidwawo, mutenge pafupifupi masentimita awiri a minofu yathanzi. Kenaka nkofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, malo odulidwawa ali ndi mchere wa nylon kapena osakaniza dongo ndi mullein (chiŵerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu 1: 1).

Pa nthawi yoyamba ya matendawa, mukhoza kuchita popanda kuchotsa mbali imodzi ya katemera. Pachifukwa ichi, malo okhudzidwawo amaikidwa bwino kwambiri ndi mkuwa wa naphthenate wotayika mu mafuta a paloseni, ndipo njira yothetsera vutoli ndi 20-25%.