Matenda a maganizo ndi mitundu: matenda ndi mankhwala

Thupi la munthu - osakaniza zodabwitsa za ziwalo zambiri, zimakhala, ntchito, zochita mankhwala, magetsi zikhumbo kuti zingathandize munthu kukhala ndi moyo, kuphunzira ndi kupeza padzikoli. Cognition chikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mmene ziwalo anthu - kuwala, phokoso, kulawa, kununkhiza, chogwirika komanso okhudza malo maganizo. Zonsezi - m'munsi mwa chidziwitso, ndi za moyo wa munthu mu padzikoli. Ndi maganizo wachisokonezo, chirichonse akhale ndipo alibe chifukwa chimene chinachitika - vuto lalikulu.

Kuzindikira: Zenizeni kuphatikiza malingaliro

chakuti anthu angazindikire padzikoli, yokhudza mphamvu ndi kuganiza. Tikudziwa kuti akhoza kuwapeza mothandizidwa ndi kuona, kumva, kulawa, zotsatira chogwirika, fungo ndi kudziwa malo thupi danga, asonyezedwa mbali yapadera ya ubongo ndi thandizo la m'maganizo ndi zinachitikira zopezera pamwamba mfundo za dziko. Matenda a maganizo m'dera lililonse Musalole munthu kumvetsa.

Kutali ndi pafupi

Matenda a kutengeka ndi maganizo a deta n'zogwirizana. Maselo amene amalandira nkhani zenizeni ozungulira, zimafalitsa zikhumbo mitsempha ku ubongo, kumene kusanthula processing deta analandira, ndipo pali anachita mawonekedwe a ulaliki wa chinthu kapena chodabwitsa, zokhudza maselo a. Komanso, ena mwa zotsatira maselo ayenera kulandira mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi chinthu, ndi ena - kupyola mu kadanga. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, kukoma zomverera zimachitika mwa ingestion chakudya mkamwa ndipo pa lilime. Koma masomphenya limakupatsani kuona zinthu patali. The kuzindikira zimene timaphunzira kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndi maselo - limagwirira zambiri zokhudza anthu a dziko. Matenda a maganizo - kuipidwa thupi ndi maganizo vuto.

Zinthu ziwalo ndi zolandilira

Kuwonjezera odziwika bwino kusukulu mphamvu zisanu ndi imodzi thupi amaona zikuchitika kwambiri. Choncho, pali maselo amene ali ndi udindo amaonera kutentha - ozizira, ululu ndi kumverera kwa thupi. Choncho sayansi si kuoneka mitundu isanu ndi 9 zomverera:

• masomphenya;
• kumva;
• kununkhiza;
• mphamvu ya kukhudza;
• ekvibriotseptsiya - tanthauzo la bwino;
• kulawa;
• nociception - amaonera kuwawa;
• termotseptsiya - kumverera wachikondi;
• matenda owononga luso - okhudza malo mphamvu ya thupi.

Kupeza nkhani m'dziko kudzera mwa maselo osiyanasiyana, ubongo limazipukusa mu maganizo a chenicheni.

Kuzindikira ndi mankhwala mchitidwe

Ngati pali zakusokonenezedwa kwa thupi, kungakhale vuto lalikulu - matenda maganizo. Psychiatry monga sayansi ndi ntchito zachipatala kuphunzira kuyan'anila awa ndi n'kotheka thandizo awathandize. Azamisala kwa zaka kuphunzira matenda a maganizo, kuthandiza odwala osati okha, komanso anthu owazungulira, kukhala ndi mavuto. Wonongeka kwa chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa ziwalo - zimenezi ndi matenda mabuku kusanthula dziko loyandikira. Munthu amene anataya masomphenya ake, iye amadziwa kuti kuyang'ana ndi mtundu wa zinthu mwachoonadi ndi mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zina ntchito angathe kupereka chithunzi chenicheni cha padzikoli. Mu maganizo, matenda a maganizo kwa ndondomekoyi - ndi matenda zovuta anachititsa osati kwambiri ndi mavuto mu cholandilira, monga kusintha njira processing zimene timaphunzira ndi chifukwa komaliza.

Kodi maganizo a matenda?

Psychiatry - malo apadera mankhwala polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a m'maganizo ndi mawonetseredwe awo. Izi ndi yofunika kwambiri nzeru za anthu, zomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "matenda", "Thanzi", "m'chigulugulu" ndi "kudwala" kulemekeza chikhalidwe cha maganizo. Limodzi mwa madera a ntchito ya zamaganizo - matenda maganizo. Psychiatry mavuto amenewa amaona pathologies maganizo. Matenda a kutengeka ndi maganizo akuwonetseredwa madera osiyanasiyana:

• Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi zimaonekera kulephera kuzindikira za zotengeka chogwirika kukoma ndi kununkhiza. Mu mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi mankhwala ochititsa zachipatala anaitana tripping tilinazo zolandilira ululu odwala pa njira zachipatala.
• Hypersensitivity - tilinazo matenda chifukwa akuoneka kuchuluka fungo, kuwala, phokoso. Nthawi zambiri hypersensitivity kumaonekera odwala pambuyo choipa ubongo zoopsa.
• Gipostezii - chigamulocho kusintha hypersensitivity tilinazo. Imalandira maganizo amachepetsa zikuchitika achilengedwe. odwala Gipostezii amadwala matenda a maganizo, amene dziko limaoneka kuzimiririka, wosasamala.
• Paresthesia m'kukoma zomverera za kuyabwa, moto, kumva kulasalasa, "zikhomo ndi masingano", chifukwa chakhungu kotunga magazi ndi innervation. Kawirikawiri, paresthesia zimachitika mabacteria Zakharyin-Guesde: mavuto a ziwalo kuoneka ngati zosasangalatsa, zomverera chopweteka pa madera ena a thupi pamwamba anthu.
• Senestopatii - zomverera zosasangalatsa zimene zimachitika mkati mwa thupi la munthu, amakhala ovuta kulongosola mawu, nthawi zambiri wodwala amagwiritsa poyerekeza zithunzi yowala kuti ndikuuzeni za maganizo awa.

"N'zabodza" kumverera zina lifanane ndi mawonetseredwe matenda a matenda, ndipo osati kwa mchitidwe bongo. A matenda woyenera matenda kapena chikhalidwe - ndi maziko a mankhwala khalidwe.

The matenda chachikulu cha maganizo

Psychiatry ngati munda wa mankhwala kuchipatala limagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti njira, matenda, mankhwala ndi kupewa. Pakuti matenda m'pofunika kudziwa bwino maonekedwe a matenda, kuthandiza mu izi mayesero matenda, mbiri zachipatala mayesero labu. Categorization amalola chiweruzo molondola kumasulira deta kupulumutsa ndi matenda mokwanira. Udindo matenda ena maganizo maganizo ndi magawo awiri chachikulu cha matenda a maganizo:

• zongoganizira;
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo.

Zikhulupiriro onse, anthu ambiri kubala maganizo zokwanira zoipa, koma wodwala alibe ulamuliro pa iwo, ngakhale kuti m'mayiko ambiri, matenda amenewa zimachitika chifukwa zinthu zimene munthu an'dzacosa yokha, monga mankhwala kapena mowa poizoni. Mitundu ina ya matenda amamva kumachitika mwa anthu mwangwiro wathanzi mawu a maganizo.

Blue mbozi mu ochititsa chidwi

"Kodi inu mukuona, koma kodi si zoona" - kutanthauza kuti ndi zideruderu. Mavuto mu maganizo a chowonadi monga momwe ziyenera zoona, kuoneka maonekedwe a zithunzi ndi zoyerekeza. Maganizo, kuphunzira matenda a maganizo, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo lofotokoza fano limene limapezeka mu malingaliro, ndi limanenedwa ngati zenizeni m'moyo, koma popanda zikuchitika kunja kuchita maselo a anthu. Zithunzi enawa balamanthu, titero, chifukwa cha maganizo wachisokonezo. azamisala kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo anawagawa mitundu angapo:

• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo woona - ndi zithunzi kwa mtima ndi wina mawonekedwe, mtundu, fungo, limatulutsa phokoso yeniyeni. kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo woona zazindikirika ndi odwala monga chiwonetsero cha chowonadi mwa kulakwa kwake, anayesetsa kusintha iwo ngati iwo akanati adzakhale zochitika zooneka kapena zinthu kulibe kwenikweni. Komanso, chifukwa cha mtima akukumana kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo zoona, anthu onse okuzungulirani muwachotse iwo mu njira zomwezo monga iye anachitira.
• Pseudohallucinations amaona wodwala ngati chinachake chosakhala, koma alikodi, ulibe kuwala, nthawi zambiri incorporeal, angayambe kapena m'thupi wodwala kapena ku malo kosamugonjera zolandilira ake. Amaona kuti kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo onyenga odwala mokakamiza ophatikizidwa mu thupi lake mwa zipangizo wapadera, makina kapena chifukwa akhala akuthandiza maganizo.

Kuwonjezera awa mitundu iwiri ya kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi anagawa pa ziwalo, mwina chifukwa cha:

• choipidwa;
• kulawa;
• zithunzi;
• olfactory;
• kumva;
• chogwirika.

Uliwonse wa zideruderu ali sayansi yake tanthauzo ndipo akhoza decomposed mu subspecies angapo, chimene chiri chofunika kwa maganizo matenda.

Mwa njira, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo akhoza ouziridwa ndi anachititsa. Imodzi mwa njira amagwiritsa Psychiatry Aschaffenburg chizindikiro pamene wodwala kupereka pasadakhale kumvetsera foni sakukhudzidwa, motero afufuze wokonzeka yake kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo Makutu. Kapena Reichardt chizindikiro - chizindikiro cha slate akusowekapo: wodwala wapatsidwa zoyera pepala ndipo amapereka kwa kuyankhula amaonetsera. Kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kungakhale zinchito, akuwuka pa maziko a kukondoweza kwa maselo ena ndi Mwamsanga pambuyo kuchotsa nzothandiza lapansi. Mwa njira, chifaniziro cha buluu mbozi akusuta hookah mu zisoti bowa ku Lews Carroll nthano "Alice mu ochititsa chidwi" amaonedwa ndi ambiri ngati zideruderu tingachipeze powerenga.

Chotero nkhambakamwa wokongola

Mu maganizo, akuyima mtundu wina wa matenda kuzindikira - chabe. Ndi lingaliro ili bwino kwa onse, ngakhale amene si amadwala matenda a maganizo mawu bongo. Nthawi zambiri anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "wokongola zongoganizira, zinthu zongoganizira choipa." Choncho ndi chiyani icho? The tanthauzo sayansi mtundu wina wa matenda maganizo zikumveka ngati cholakwika, olakwika amaonera zinthu zilipo kwenikweni. Chinyengo - kuti ndi nkhambakamwa. Mwachitsanzo, Musamadzinamize kumachitika ndi kuwalimbikitsa osakwanira - mu mdima ndi zosavuta kutenga maonekedwe a munthu wodziwika anthu kumbuyo chitsamba. Kotero kuti maonekedwe a Musanyengedwe - iyi si nthawi zonse kudera la maganizo. Mbali khalidwe la kunachititsa ndi:

• chinthu kapena chodabwitsa likufa kupotoza imalandira: chithunzi, mawu, chogwirika ndi kumverera okhudza malo;
• kukhota, misperception ndi kufufuza chinthu chenicheni;
• zongoganizira zachokera kuzindikira kwenikweni, lomwe liri zolandilira anthu makamaka amakhudzidwa, koma amaona mosiyana kwenikweni ndi;
• monga azimva kwenikweni alipo.

Matenda a maganizo zithunzi - gawo limodzi la nkhambakamwa za anthu athanzi. Komanso, bodza limeneli akhoza kukhala thupi kapena maganizo m'chilengedwe. Chikhalidwe thupi la kunachititsa kuti maganizo ziribe kanthu kochita kusiya ngatimadzi m'chipululu pali ngakhale losavuta kwambiri, koma kutsimikiziridwa zolondola sayansi sayansi chowaloleza. Chipatala maganizo amaona psychopathological nkhambakamwa:

• affective akuwuka pa maziko a mantha kapena mantha excitability wa ngozi;
• .. mawu, mwachitsanzo, mwa mawu, Musanyengedwe - mawu amene timamva munthu;
• pareydolicheskie nkhambakamwa - Musanyengedwe zithunzi zimene zimachitika ndi maziko a fano lenileni kungoganizira zithunzi Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala khoma angakhale mantha nkhambakamwa zomwe zili pa chithunzi; Ambiri Musanyengedwe awa anati anthu kulenga Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza anapeza kuti Leonardo da Vinci anadwala pareidolia.

Maziko a Musanyengedwe - kuvutika amamva ndi malingaliro za dziko. Iwo si nthawi zonse pathological. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kupotoza maganizo ndi maziko a ziyenera pachithunzichi ntchito ya maselo.

Kuganiza ndi kukumbukira ndi matenda kuzindikira

Kumasiyanitsa Homo sapiens kwa anthu ena onse amoyo? kuganiza. Kuganizira - ndondomeko zofunika chidziwitso kuti Chili zomveka chithunzi cha dziko loyandikira la munthu. Maganizo ake ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi maganizo ndi kukumbukira. Onse njira zomwe munthu monga munthu zomveka, zikutsatiridwa kwa zaka zambiri, kusanduka ndi kusintha. Ndipo ngati chiyambi kunali koyenera yekha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kupeza zosowa zawo zakuthupi (chakudya, kubalana ndi zitetezeke), ndiye nthawi anthu aphunzira kumanga unyolo mfundo - kuganiza, kuti mukufuna ku ntchito khama ang'onoang'ono thupi ndi mavuto thanzi ndi moyo. Kulimbitsa zotsatira zabwino anayamba kukumbukira - yochepa, nthawi yaitali, komanso ntchito zina maganizo achilendo anthu - m'maganizo, amatha kuona za m'tsogolo, kudzikonda kuzindikira. matenda Symbiosis nzeru ndi maganizo - psychosensory matenda. Mu maganizo, matenda amenewa anawagawa mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri:

• depersonalization angaoneke lolakwika ndi thupi lanu zomverera otchedwa zamatsenga depersonalization, ndi maganizo olakwika wake "Ine" - a zamatsenga depersonalization;
• derealization akuwonetseredwa mu maganizo olakwika a dziko - malo, nthawi, kukula, mawonekedwe a chowonadi amaona odwala angaipsidwe, ngakhale kuti iye ndiye otsimikizika a dzina lolondola wa masomphenya anu.

Kuganizira - chizindikiro cha munthuyo. maganizo wololera poyera kuti yotsutsa matenda maganizo. Psychiatry ngati munda wa mankhwala kuchipatala amayesetsa kupeza njira kuthetsa kusiyana chifukwa cha matenda maganizo odwala bongo. Matenda a maganizo mwa odwala chionetsero ndipo ndinaganiza matenda - zinyengo, obsessive kapena malingaliro overvalued, amene amakhala ndi tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu.

Psychiatry - kuipidwa sayansi matenda a maganizo a anthu, amene m'dera ndi kuzindikira matenda ndi kukumbukira, kuganiza ndi ntchito zina maganizo. Komanso mavuto maganizo yolimba ndi ntchito zovuta maganizo - ku ntchito ya mphamvu ku yochepa kapena yaitali kukumbukira.

N'chifukwa chiyani wandisokoneza kuzindikira zenizeni?

Tikakumana ndi mavuto a chikhalidwe maganizo funso ili: Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a maganizo otani? Pangakhale osiyanasiyana lonse mowa ndi poizoni mankhwala kwa chikhalidwe pathological wa psyche anthu. matenda Mental amapezeka kovuta, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuti anthu sangathe kudziwiratu kufotokoza maganizo awo, zochitika zomwe zinachitika kwa iye kapena malo, ndi magawo koyamba matenda si nthawi zonse zooneka ndi ena. matenda amamva angathe monga chotsatira cha matenda aliwonse a ziwalo kapena kachitidwe, komanso chifukwa kuphwanya analandira processing zambiri, kusanthula kubala chifukwa makamaka. Psychiatric mchitidwe panthawi sangathe ndendende kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa matenda a maganizo, kuwonjezera kuledzera pamene kudwala limagwirira molondola anatsimikiza chinthu chakupha. Kuyan'anila za maganizo a chenicheni ndipo ayenera kulera kukayikirana mwa anthu owazungulira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri odwala okha pachangu palibe kuthana ndi akatswiri, popanda matenda amenewa chinachake pathological. Nthaŵi vuto ndi kuzindikira zenizeni akhoza kuthandiza wodwalayo kuti mupewe mavuto. Opotoka zenizeni - vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa onse wodwala ndi anthu ozungulira ndi m'maganizo ndiponso mwakuthupi.

Ana m'maganizo ndi kuzindikira matenda

maganizo Child komanso sayansi - wapadera wa mankhwala. Kids - maloto zazikulu ndi woyamba, ndipo inachuluka reactivity maganizo a mwanayo, ndipo moyo pang'ono zinachitikira sapereka mwana n'zotheka kusintha nthawi pa zonama kumverera zawo. N'chifukwa chake matenda maganizo ana - malo apadera pedagogy, kuwerenga maganizo ndi maganizo. Zooneka ndi Makutu Musanyengedwe - mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu za ubwana wa munthu aliyense. Anauza usiku wowopsa nkhani amakhala wovuta weniweni mwanayo, kubisala pansi pa bedi kapena mu chipinda. Ambiri mwa matenda amenewa zimachitika madzulo, wotopa ndi bwanji mwana kuwodzera. Mantha nkhani ndi nkhani, makamaka anauza mwana usiku, angakhale maziko a chitukuko cha boma neurotic. Kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo zimachitika ana nthawi zambiri ndi maziko a somatic ndi matenda chikhalidwe cha matenda monga chotsatira cha kuwonjezeka thupi kutentha. M'badwo wa mawonetseredwe zambiri za matendawa - zaka 5-7. Kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo a chikhalidwe ichi ndi maziko - nsakali, cheza cha kuwala, limafotokoza, kapena zithunzi za anthu, nyama ndi phokoso la ana amamva kufuula, akugunda, mawu a mbalame na pinyama. masomphenya onse awa zazindikirika ndi mwanayo nthano.

Ana a misinkhu yonse akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto zizindikiro za akuchita misala. Pankhaniyi, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo onse kukhala zovuta zambiri zimakhudza. chiwembu ndi zovuta kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, nthawi zambiri onyamula kuopseza thanzi kapena ngakhale moyo wa mwanayo. Achinyamata ana okulirapo, koma 12-14, yodziwika ndi chitukuko cha kukoma ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo chogwirika, mwanayo akuyamba kupereka zakudya ankakonda uja anasintha khalidwe lake ndi khalidwe.

A gulu lapadera la Paediatrics ndi Child Psychiatry limatchula ana ndi zolakwa chathu chofuna nzeru. Mu milandu, mwana akukula ndipo amaphunzira kukwaniritsa chosowa ena Timatha mofulumira chitukuko cha maluso ena imalandira. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga - mwana kobadwa nako kumva imfa losiyana masomphenya kwambiri, Diso kulipa mbali zochepetsetsa, kumvetsera kwambiri kwa zinthu zazing'ono zenizeni.

Kuzindikira - maziko a chidziwitso cha dziko mu mawonekedwe ake onse. Kuti amve ngati munthu anapatsidwa mphamvu zisanu ndi imodzi ndi mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya maselo. Koma kuwonjezera pa zomverera mudziwe analandira ayenera kunenedwa mbali zogwirizana ubongo, pali ipyole pa ndondomeko ya processing ndi kusanthula chithunzi chonse cha zinthu zenizeni pa maziko a zomverera zovuta zimene anakumana nazo. The chifukwa ndi maganizo - chithunzi chenicheni. Kulakwila kugwirizana chimodzi mu unyolo yopangira zithunzi za dziko kumabweretsa kupotoza zenizeni. Psychiatry ngati kudera la mankhwala kuchipatala kuphunzira zimayambitsa, siteji ya chitukuko, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro, njira ya mankhwala ndi kuteteza matenda a maganizo a zochitika payekha komanso zigawo za mavuto ofanana thanzi la munthu.