Mavairasi - osakhala ma zamoyo. zamoyo: sanali ma ndi ma

zamoyo zonse wapangidwa ndi maselo - zing'onozing'ono structural ndi zinchito unit wa kukonza. Koma palinso njira si ma ya moyo: mavairasi ndi bacteriophages. Kodi maonekedwe a dongosolo la awalole kutenga malo ake oyenera mwa maufumu a chikhalidwe? Tiyeni tipeze kwambiri.

Mavairasi - mitundu si ma moyo

Kumasulira kwa dzina Greek zamoyo izi likumasuliridwa kuti "ululu." Imeneyi si ngozi. Apoyera anali asanaonepo, koma pafupifupi aliyense n'kupita okha zochita zawo. Ndipotu zizindikiro za chimfine m'nyengo yozizira akugogoda pa nyumba yathu popanda kupempha.

Tsopano amadziwika kuti kachilombo - omwe sanali ma fomu moyo. Biology ya zinthu izi wakhala chinsinsi kwa zaka zambiri. Izo zinali kokha mu m'ma 19 Russian physiologist Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky anasonyeza kuti causative nthumwi za matenda ambiri mavairasi chabe. Asayansi aphunzira zomera fodya, amene anagundidwa ndi Chilamulo cha fodya. Iye ananena kuti ngati utomoni wa zomera matenda kudutsa mu chabwino, adzagonjetsadi izo.

Kapangidwe ka HIV

Chifukwa mavairasi - mitundu si ma moyo? Yankho lake ndi losavuta: thupi lawo sikuti maselo. Ndi molekyulu asidi mkati atazunguliridwa ndi chipolopolo mapuloteni - capsid. Kusiyanitsa DNA- ndi RNA munali mavairasi.

Malingana ndi maonekedwe structural a mitundu si ma moyo - mavairasi - anawagawa yosavuta zovuta. Zoyambazo kapangidwe tingachipeze powerenga zidulo mkati ndi mapuloteni. A lachiwiri gawo msonkhano Komanso Ufumuyo wa Kakhungu plasma. Iwo akutumikira monga casing zina zodzitetezera.

N'chifukwa chiyani iwo moyo?

Choncho, mavairasi - osakhala ma zamoyo, alibe Kakhungu mwachizolowezi ndi organelles - nyumba selo zonse kuti ntchito yeniyeni. Ndi zizindikiro iwo amanena kuti zamoyo? Angathe ndondomeko kuswana. Komanso kunja kwa gulu lake, iwo alibe zizindikiro iliyonse ya moyo. Pamene HIV ndi muchipindachi, iwo amayamba lithe mapuloteni awo. Pamene ndondomeko izi zikuyamba yimitsira ntchito mwini mamolekyulu thupi mapuloteni.

mapulotini tizilombo zinthu monga michere - chinthu biologically yogwira. Iwo imathandizira kubwezeretsa zidulo mkati. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa particles yachilendo kumawonjezera, ndipo njira yake kaphatikizidwe ndi ndinayima. Chifukwa, thupi ndi kuyamba kudwala, monga ndondomeko kuyambira kubalana wa HIV ayenera mphamvu ndi organic selo nkhani khamu.

bacteriophages

Mavairasi - osakhala ma zamoyo kuti amatha parasitize mu zinthu zonse. Ndipo zokhala ndi selo imodzi mabakiteriya prokaryotic nazonso.

"Okudya" wa zamoyo zimenezi zimatchedwa bacteriophages. Pakuti malowedwe mu selo makamu, akungofotokoza jekeseni asidi mkati yake molekyulu mwa Kakhungu mu cytoplasm selo. Mkati theka la ola mu bakiteriya umodzi anapanga zana particles HIV.

Monga bacteriophage ndi mu chikhalidwe cha nyama zawo? chakuti tinthu izi tizilombo ali zolandilira wapadera kuti kuzindikira ndi zamoyo prokaryotic.

mavairasi kulowa njira ya thupi

Non-ma zamoyo - mavairasi, ndi dongosolo wosazindikira, amatha kudutsa mu gulu lake m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Akudalira pa makhalidwe a dongosolo lake. Pakuti mwamuna ambiri awa airborne njira malowedwe kudzera nembanemba mucous, chakudya ndi madzi.

Vekitala matenda oopsa monga encephalitis, yelofiva, mwalandiridwa. Pankhaniyi, nthata ndi udzudzu, motero. Pa kugonana zotheka matenda kugonana ndi chiwindi B ndi C, HIV ndi nsungu.

Chikhalidwe ambiri ndi mavairasi matenda zomera ndi bowa. Malowedwe a zamoyo izi amapezeka m'madera kuwonongeka mu khoma selo.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mavairasi ndi selectivity awo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti particles kuti anagunda munthu, musati bwanji zomera ndi zamoyo bakiteriya, ndi mosemphanitsa.

Mavairasi: zabwino kapena zoipa

Kodi phindu akhoza kubweretsa zinthu izi ngati iwo chifukwa chiopsezo matenda woopsa: matenda a chiwewe, fuluwenza, nthomba, ndi ena. The chakuti HIV - mitundu si ma ya moyo - mawonekedwe chitetezo chokwanira. Mfundo imeneyi amatanthauza luso la chamoyo kupewa matenda. Chitetezo chokwanira ndi kobadwa nako, woimiridwa ndi chitetezo magazi ndi zinazake.

Last lagawidwa zachilengedwe ndi yokumba. Yosamutsira mwa chikumbukiro cha matenda opatsirana a particles tizilombo amakhalabe maselo wapadera magazi - oteteza. Mobwerezabwereza kukhudzana ndi zamoyo mlendo amazindikira HIV ndi kuuononga ndi chimbudzi okhudza maselo ambiri - phagocytosis. chitetezo chokwanira yokumba ndi kuthi chifukwa cha katemera. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti thupi la munthu kupatsira kachilombo wofooka ndi chitetezo anayamba kuchita ndi izo, kupanga kukumbukira m'thupi.

Chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitetezo chokwanira thupi akuzisunga umoyo wake kuchokera kwa mpweya choyamba chimene mwana moyo. Miniti iliyonse m'magazi lifike kuchuluka kwa particles tizilombo. Ngati kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chikukwanira chiwonongeko wawo wonse, munthu wathanzi. Matendawa amapezeka mu mulandu wina kumene particles ndi tizilombo amachuluka ndi chuma cha chitetezo cha m'thupi sikokwanira tiziwapatsa zabwinobwino.

Non-ma zamoyo - mavairasi ndi phages - ndi nthumwi ya munthu maufumu a chilengedwe, wotchedwa Vira. M'zaka zapitazi, ntchito yaikulu ya epidemiologists ndi kulenga katemera latsopano ndi yambiri yoopsa matenda tizilombo. mfundo ndi yakuti mu ndondomeko wodzilamulira msonkhano wa kusintha ndi mapangidwe mavairasi latsopano. Izi ndi zowona makamaka ndi HIV kuti infects ndi chitetezo kwambiri, kupanga thupi kwathunthu chitetezo. Izi ndi vuto lalikulu kwa sayansi yamakono. Tikukhulupirira kuti zithetsedwe posachedwapa.