Mawu a ndalama, mbiri yawo ndi mitundu

Ndalama ndi mbali yofunika ya ntchito kwa anthu onse. Chiyambi cha mawu ndi chidwi kwambiri. Minting ndalama ku Roma anali ikuchitika mwapadera malowa cholinga - kachisi wa mulungu Juno Moneta, amene dzina, ndipo pali English mawu - ndalama (ndalama). Chitukuko cha chitukuko anthu kumatanthauza chitukuko cha muzochitika zones za ntchito yake, kuphatikizapo ndalama. lofanana wakale wa ndalama tinganene kuti ngati ubweya ndi zikopa za nyama, ndi analowa makope siliva ndi golide (mtundu) ndipo potsiriza, pepala ndalama. A wapadera ndalama ano ndi ngongole ndalama zimenezi, amene amagwirizana ndi chitukuko mofulumira ntchito gawo kubanki. Ndalama zimenezi mulibe amtengo wapatali, ndipo ngati unalipo mu mawonekedwe a mbiri yabwino njira ina signage yadigito. M'mawu ena tinganene kuti ngongole ndalama - ndi mtundu wa promissory cholemba, pepala zizindikiro mtengo anakhumudwitsa pa maziko a ngongole m'malo golide.

Pa moyo wa wonse dongosolo banki ngongole ndalama kusanduka kuchokera ngongole kwa makhadi ndi ndalama amagetsi.

The zosiyanasiyana loyamba la ichi mtundu wa ndalama ndalama ku Russia anali ithe, amene ali wamba olembedwa udindo wa wamangawa ngongole yake. Bank ngongole ndi chikalata, monga ulamuliro, pokhapokha ngati pali chifukwa panopa wobwereka ndi ndalama. Zachuma ngongole ndi wapadera ngongole si ngongole ku banki, ndipo kokha boma ndi ntchito sheya linapereka miyezi 3 chaka. Kugula ngongole chuma akhoza kukhala mu yogwira sheya msika. chiwombolo chawo ikuchitika ndi magombe a pakati pa dziko m'malo mwa Utumiki wa Finance.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 17 ku Russia, latsopano mtundu wa ngongole ndalama - zolemba banki, ufulu nkhani ya amene anali kokha gombe lapadera. Olemera nkhokwe za golide wa dziko analamulira zingatheke depreciation a mtundu umenewu ndalama. Banknotes nthawi iliyonse akhoza umasinthanitsidwa golide. Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya ndalama ndi banknote chigulitsire linakhalapo.

The ndondomeko ya kulenga mabanki malonda adamfunsa maonekedwe a mtundu watsopano ndalama, anayamba macheke, amene ali wapadera bilu, dongosolo lolembedwa la yeniyeni chofukizira nkhani kulipira chofukizira cheke nampatsa ndalama. Cheke akhoza chikalata ngati malonda, ndi dziko banki chapakati. Pulogalamu ya banki ndi kuchititsa ntchito ndalama anali yoyamba maonekedwe amene m'malo macheke kadi wosindikiza mabanki mu mawonekedwe a khadi pulasitiki TACHIMATA ndi Chip pa maziko a nkhani makasitomala a.

Mawu a ndalama, ndipo maganizo awo anali gawo chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo capitalist, chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zinayamba kufalitsidwa kwa ndalama, chimene chinapangitsa chiwerengero cha zotsatira zofunika chuma cha dziko. Makope likulu amapereka zonse otaya ndalama, omwe nthawi zambiri ikuchitika mwa ngongole. Mawonekedwe yaikulu kayendedwe ndalama motero amakhala ngongoleyo, mawonekedwe waukulu malipiro - ngongole ndalama.

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena kuti akubwereketsa ndalama yogwirizana ndi chodabwitsa mu moyo chuma dziko, monga bizinesi, ndipo Ambiri ndi chitukuko ubale chofunika ndalama. zimasiyanitsa yaikulu mbali ya ndalama pepala ndi anayambira. Paper ndalama akhoza chikalata kokha mwa Zachuma, ulemerero - mabanki malonda ndi pakati mu mawonekedwe a macheke, zolemba promissory, makhadi zolemba banki ndi ndalama amagetsi.