Maximilian Voloshin. Russian ndakatulo ndi malo zojambula ndi zolembalemba wotsutsa

Imodzi mwa oimira chidwi kwambiri ya Silver Age anali mphatso Mipikisano faceted ndi choyambirira kwambiri (anawatcha kwambiri eccentric Russian oyambirira XX atumwi.) Anthu - Maximilian Voloshin (1877-1932). Iye organically kwambiri zikugwirizanira kuti nthawi yodabwitsa mabuku Russian, amene wosakanikirana mawu a ndakatulo Anna Akhmatova: "Ndipo siliva mwezi wowala wa Silver Age chisanu ...", ngakhale kuti Voloshin sanali wa mmodzi wa malangizo, ndiye kawirikawiri Russian art.

Munthu luso ndi luso zonse

Mu May 1877, ku Kiev, mu banja la collegiate phungu (VI kalasi udindo lolingana ndi Wapolisiyo asilikali) NDINE Kirienko-Voloshin ndi E. O. Glazer mwana. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mayi a mwanayo, anatenga makhalidwe otayirira nthawi, anasiya mwamuna wake amene anamwalira, patapita zaka zitatu ndi konse za iye adakumbukira. Little Max, iye anabweretsedwa malingana ndi kukonda atikhaulitse zawo. Ndipo mwina zinali bwino pamene anaonekera mu Russia chifukwa cha analeredwa lotanthauzira mawu Maximilian Voloshin, oyenerera ndi aluso womasulira, zodabwitsa, mtundu wa ndakatulo ndi wojambula chodabwitsa. Komanso, anali ndi chidwi zolembalemba wotsutsa. Ndi chitsimikizo cha zomwe zanenedwa, ngati chirengedwe walenga Karadag mbiri ya munthu bearded amene anadzakhala amazipanga ofanana Maximilian Voloshin.

zachilendo tsoka

Ndipo tsoka lake anali mwayi. Uyu mokondwera hoaxer opusa, mfundo, pa mapeto a moyo wake anakhala bwanji ndi kumene ndinkafuna, iye analemba kuti akufuna Komabe, si lofalitsidwa. Ndipo kenako okha kusungiramo ndakatulo kuti anthu akhoza kutha popanda sanachite. Ngakhale dzina lake ongokhala awiri analeredwa 2-storey ndi wotakasuka mphanga, ndi Bolsheviks sanasankhidwe. Ndipo Koktebel, mpaka imfa izi "shaggy Zeus" m'chilimwe anthu anadza mazana a abwenzi ndi abwenzi cha abwenzi ake. Malo Voloshin chinachake cha ufulu unamwino kunyumba, kunyumba kwa zilandiridwenso olemba ndakatulo, olemba ndi ojambula zithunzi.

chaka okulira

Maximilian Voloshin anapezeka zolimbitsira thupi - Theodosia ndi awiri Moscow, ndi University Moscow (mu Dipatimenti ya Zamalamulo), ndipo onse anaphunzira kanthu sayansi. Ndiyeno, patapita zaka, iye anati zaka khumi anakhala mu maphunziro, osati Polemeretsedwa izo n'komwe, ndi zimene akungotaya zaka. Komabe, anakapezeka nkhani yake chidwi pa Sorbonne ndipo anaphunzitsidwa mu zokambirana aluso mu Paris.

Mu 1900, amene M. Voloshin anati chaka mapangidwe ake, iye anatumizidwa ku Moscow ku Central Asia kwa nawo wophunzira zipolowe. N'kumene aganiza kudzipereka kwa luso ndi mabuku amene, mu maganizo ake, iye ankayenera kuti "kupita West."

Ana osiya - mu Buku

Maximilian Voloshin, amene yonena mpaka 1912 adzakhala kumagwirizana ndi Paris, anapita ku Ulaya ndipo anapita Egypt. Kwa zaka zambiri, wophunzira dropout anakhala sikolala - Iyeyu ankayendayenda mzinda, kuthera nthawi yambiri mu laibulale, kungolandira monga thonje, chikhalidwe cha chitukuko wakale ndi akale. Iye zimayesetsa kusinthika, ndi French kutsegula woyimba Russian ndi akwawo - French. Nkhani wake yovuta lofalitsidwa kwambiri mu mabuku otchuka Russian, ndi nthawi ya kubwerera kwa Koktebel anali ndi dzina zolembalemba.

aluso hoaxer

Koma mu 1913, ili ndi mwamtheradi mfulu, amene ali ndi maganizo ndi nthawi zosiyana ndi zimene ozungulira (credo ndi mayi anali Mwambi: kukula chilichonse koma osati ngati anthu ena) anapanga zochita ziwiri, zomwe zinachititsa Kunyanyala ananena ndi iye. Nkhani yoyamba inali ndi wabodza luso poetess Elizabeth Dmitrieva. Iwo lofalitsidwa angapo ndakatulo pansi pa pseudonym Cherubina de A Gabriac. Ndakatulo anali mwamphamvu otchuka. Koma kukhudzana ndi zolemera, chifukwa, kuteteza ulemu wa akazi, M. Voloshin, anawombera yekha mu duel ndi Gumilev. Masekondi Maximilian Alexandrovich anali Werengerani Tolstoy.

Mosiyana ndi maganizo a anthu

Nkhani yachiwiri Voloshin anagwa ndi anzanga ambiri zolembalemba. Iye miyezi mu February anakamba nkhani pa Polytechnic Museum, amene amadzinenera kuti afotokoze wake, kuyambira maganizo onse osiyana zimene zimachititsa kuukira wamisala chithunzi Repin "Ivan Grozny amapha mwana wake." Mu 1914 anatulutsa buku la essays wake "Nkhope ya Luso" imene inayamba kutchuka kwambiri. Ndipo mu 1910, atamasulidwa m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo yake, ndakatulo wake mpaka ndiye sichoncho kufalitsa aliyense Gorky kapena Ivanov.

chiwembu Crimea

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti m'masiku athu sanatsatile anayamikira lonse la munthu aliyense, kapena kuti zotsatira za kulenga za wojambula, ndakatulo ndi mabuku wotsutsa wina dzina lake Voloshin Maksimilian. Koktebel ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi dzina lake. lingaliro zikhazikike kumeneko a mayi wake. Back mu chaka v1893 (Max anali ndi zaka 16) ndi mmodzi wa oyamba nazo kuno dziko m'nyanja, kukhulupirira kuti mpweya yekha, chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale ya ku Crimea, amene anasiya chizindikiro awo pa zikhalidwe zambiri zosiyana, wakudza ake Maximilian kwambiri, imene wothira ambiri bloodlines osiyana.

lodziwika bwino kunyumba

Atabwerera ku dziko lina, wolemba ndakatulo ndi wojambula pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala mu chikhalidwe chake, chimene pang'onopang'ono ngati likulu la chikhalidwe chawo cha ganizo Russian. Ngakhale, malinga ndi mbiri, sitili ndinangoganiza. M'zaka zovuta za Civil Nkhondo nyumba Maksimiliana Voloshina anali malo chifukwa cha abwenzi ake onse, mosaganizira "mtundu" - wofiira anatipulumutsa ku woyera ndi yoyera wofiira. Iye sanapite nawo ku ukapolo, pamene bwenzi lake AK Tolstoy mu 1918 (mu 1923 anabwerera ku Soviet Russia) anamupempha kuthawa kunja. Voloshin sanafooke kwawo.

woimba Cimmeria

Ali Koktebel Voloshin utoto kwambiri - malinga ndi zosiyana, watercolors awiri tsiku. Ntchito zake limodzi ndi ndakatulo wokongola. Iye anali kukonda Cimmeria (Agiriki akale - "Masewerera a Nordic mayiko") wake, analemba za izo ndi utoto izo. Maximilian Voloshin analemba m'zinthu wake chithunzi. Ena a iwo anatenga gawo mu chionetsero cha amisiri "World wa Art". Koma iwo nthawi yaitali sizinali bwino kwa omvera lonse, ngakhale kuti mwasankha kwambiri, limodzi ndi ndakatulo, angapezeke mu m'zinenero. Anapitiriza ntchito zambiri za ambuye mu Museum ku dzina lake ndi Feodosia, Aivazovsky mu nyumbayi.

Woyang'anira choloŵa

Maximilian Voloshin Museum ku nyumba yake mu Koktebel anatsegula mu 1984. linakhalapo iyenera wamasiye wa Maximilian Alexandrovich M. S. Voloshinoy (nee Zabolotskaya), zomwe mpaka 1976 Osangopereka ankakhala zazikulu zakale, ndipo amapezeka ndi kusonkhanitsa chilichonse chokhudzana ndi mwamuna wake wokondedwa. Iye ankadziwa kuti tsiku lina anthu Russian angayamikire zotsatira za wojambula kwambiri ndi ndakatulo anayamikira.

Mu nyumbayi pali ulaliki wa Maksimiliana Voloshina pachaka Mayiko Prize kwa mabuku bwino ndakatulo, masiku ake a yobereka dzina lake Voloshin September. Iye anaikidwa pafupi ndi ndakatulo ndi chithunzicho - paphiri Kuchuk Yanyshar. Mu mbale wina chili ndi iye ndi mkazi wake.