Mbatata chotupa nematode: kufotokoza, kupweteka, nkhondo

Mbatata chotupa nematode - matenda yodziwika ndi tubers kuoneka bwino chotupa (onani chithunzi). Chifukwa cha matenda ndi nyongolotsi ting'onoting'ono nawo mawonekedwe filamentary. Kwenikweni, dzina la matenda, "golide nematode mbatata" likuchokera ku dzina la zamoyo izi ( "nima" likumasuliridwa kuti "chingwe" ndi «oides» monga "ngati" kapena "ulusi-ngati"). Mu chikhalidwe mphutsi timeneti akhoza nawo pa dziko lapansi ndi zigawo padziko (kawirikawiri 10 cm), ndi Antarctic madzi oundana, ndi otentha masika. Makamaka kwambiri a iwo m'nthaka (miliyoni angapo pa mita lalikulu).

njira ya moyo

Mbatata chotupa nematode napyoza mouthparts ake mkondo-khoma selo zomera ndi injects malovu ake mu zimene pamapeto, otembenuka selo nkhani zidyeke kuti nyongolotsi komanso facilitates kayendedwe ka tiziromboti pa tuber lapansi.

Ambiri nematode mazira kugona kapena m'nthaka kapena mwachindunji kudzala mizu wovulalayo. Mbatata chotupa nematode kuswa ana palokha limakhala ngati m'chipinda zozitetezera. Lililonse ngati chotupa kakang'ono akhoza ali ku mazana atatu mphutsi. Kutalika kwa moyo (kapena tinene kuti kupulumuka) si mkulu - zaka 10 (ndipo kwambiri).

mavuto

Mphutsi akutulukira ku cysts yomweyo anayamba mizu mu muzu wa mbewu. mankhwala yomwe injects mbatata chotupa nematode, umawononga maselo tuber ndipo potero kubweza kukula. Mapesi kufota, masamba m'mbuyo. Chomera amakhala omvetsa chisoni, zopweteka kukhalapo. Mbatata chotupa nematode kufalikira mofulumira kwambiri. Komanso, tubers anakhudzidwa ndi mosavuta mkatikati toyambitsa matenda ena. Ngakhale nematodes kunyamula mavairasi, kuphika, kuwonjezera pa maziko tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, nematode tuber opangidwa michere kuti apange zomera atengeke choipitsa mochedwa.

Nematode - chinthu kuika kwaokha

"Odwala" mbatata anali kunja kwa America South ndi m'mapiri a Andes. Iwo anachoka kumeneko nematodes kufala padziko lonse. Today nyongolotsi chipezeka mu mayiko 42. Ndipo ndi - ngakhale mfundo kuti nematode - ndi kuika kwaokha malo. Mtunda wa zikwi makilomita, monga mukudziwa, nyongolotsi parasitic yokha sangathe. Iwo kulekerera munthuyo. Kodi? Disappointingly losavuta: ndi nkhani kubzala kwa mawilo a magalimoto, kachitidwe ulimi wothirira, mu zida Machining, ndipo ngakhale mu nsapato zanu.

Mwatsoka, malo a matenda ndi tiziromboti kwambiri. Si lilibe kuti sitili pa njira mogwira mtima kulimbana matenda a mbatata (nematode) adzakhala atathana kulikonse.

Chitetezo ndi kupewa

Woterowo mkulu mwamphamvu, wamaluwa onse ndi alimi, anapeza zizindikiro za kuwonongedwa kwa masamba ndi tiziromboti izi, izo tikulimbikitsidwa yomweyo kukanena kwa Inspectorate kwa Bzalani kuika kwaokha (nthumwi zilipo m'madera onse).

Tsopano ife tikhoza kulankhula za kuswana mitundu malovospriimchiva nematode. Pakati pawo - "Latona", "anosta", "Picasso" ndi "impala" (Holland).

Pali mankhwala atsopano. Ine kale asonyeza kukhala nematicide basamid granulate. Anagwiritsa ntchito pamaso seeding (kubzala) makamaka m'nyumba pansi tomato ndi nkhaka, dispersions yunifolomu ndi embedding m'nthaka 40 ga mankhwala pa mita lalikulu. Chitetezo wa mbatata mankhwala silinakwaniritsidwe kuphunzira.

Mayiko ena atengedwa miyeso kwambiri kwambiri - kuchokera processing kupanga malo geterofosom (80 makilogalamu / ha) ndi thiasone (270 makilogalamu / ha) isanafike instillation wa masamba kachilombo m'nthaka akutsatiridwa ndi chlorination (kuthira oyeretsa).