Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom

Mu Russia, ndi zaka za m'ma 19 funso agrarian ndi m'mphawi anakhala pachimake ndale komanso vuto. Wa mayiko onse a ku Ulaya serfdom kumeneko yekha kuti zingalepheretse kuti Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe, ndale, ndi zachuma. Yopulumutsa serfdom n'zogwirizana ndi mbali ya autocracy. Kuyambira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko ndi absolutism mmenemo, boma ankadalira nzeru olemekezeka, choncho anayenera kuwerengera zinthu zake zonse.

Ambiri mwa akuluakulu a boma ndi boma kugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti serfdom mu Russia manyazi boma zokhudza kuti gulu la limati m'mbuyo. Mutu wa m'mphawi kumasulidwa zonse akambirana anthu mu 18 mochedwa - zaka m'ma 19. Chiyembekezo chakuti a slavophiles serfdom wotanganidwa maganizo a azungu, ndi Decembrists. Funso la wamba kumasulidwa analeredwa ndi ena akuluakulu a bungwe la Zokonza - Chuprov, Maslov, Polezhaev. Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ndi aphunzitsi nkhawa, ndi zina kwakukulu Anthu chikhalidwe.

Pofika m'ma 19 m'ma analimbitsa chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa zinthu ang'onoang'ono dongosolo. Tikumbukenso kuti dongosolo lino ali otha ake, makamaka mfundo chuma view. Kutengera pa ntchito ya serfs ndi nzika ulimi kutha. Boma la boma nkhawa, monga thandizo la nzika zinathera ndalama yaikulu ndalama.

Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom kunali koyenera dziko. wamakono wa mphamvu mafakitale zinali zovuta kwambiri mawu a wamba chidakwa. Serfdom anali chopinga kuti kudzikundikira likulu omwe padera mu kupanga. Komanso, n'kovuta kupanga ufulu ntchito mphamvu msika, kuonjezera mphamvu ya pogula anthu.

Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom zikutanthauza kuti anthu wamba ufulu ndi ufulu. Ndondomeko anavomerezedwa mu 1861, patsamba 19 February. Mu kusintha watsopano, mlimi akhoza kupanga amachita, kukhala losasuntha ndi makina chuma, kuti atumikire monga bungwe lalamulo. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu anamasulidwa ku tutelage a mwanaciro munda, akhoza kukwatiwa popanda chilolezo chake. Alimi anatilola kutumikira ndi kuphunzira mu makalasi ena (anthuŵa ndi amalonda).

Serfdom linathetsedwa Komabe, ufulu wa anthu osauka ndi zochepa. Makamaka, izo nkhawa m'deralo zachilengedwe. Bourgeois chitukuko m'mudzi zinali zovuta limodzi dziko umwini, udindo mgwirizano, kunja ziwembu. Wamba panthawiyo anali yekha chikhalidwe stratum, amene kulipira msonkho kafukufuku, onyamula yolembedwa usilikali ndipo akhoza kukwapulidwa chilango.

Chakudya cha Kumasuka osauka zonse kupatsidwa kwa ziwembu dziko. Komabe, m'kati nkhaniyi magawo kwa anamasulidwa akhala kudula kwambiri. Komanso, chifukwa kuika wamba alipire dipo. Kumene, ndalama analibe. Kupeza landlords chiwombolo, boma andipatsa alimi ngongole kwa zaka 49, woimira 80% ya mtengo wa magawo. Komabe, mu 1906, alimi apanga chiyembekezo chakuti ya malipiro chiwombolo. Tikumbukenso kuti pa nthawi imene iwo anapatsidwa dongosolo la 2 mln Rubles, amene ali pafupifupi kanayi kuposa phindu msika wa dziko mu 1861.. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malipiro wamba 'kuti mwininyumba kukhala nthawi yaitali ndipo anabereka otchedwa nthawi unkayenera kuti boma lomwe linali lakana yekha mu 1881.

Malinga ndi zosiyana, kusintha wamba anali chochitika chachikulu. The Ndondomeko anamasulidwa anthu oposa 30 miliyoni, adalenga zinthu chitukuko chuma dziko pa nthawi. Komabe, chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom zinafika povuta kukondera pakati pa anthu ndi boma.