"Gremyashchy" (wowonongayo ya kumpoto zombo) m'zaka nkhondo

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, wachina chilichonse - ndege, sitima, ndipo ngakhale msilikali yosavuta, kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha dziko mbaenda naye ku chiyerekezo cha Tsiku Chigonjetso. Zingatanthauze kuti mutha kumudalira yapamadzi yosavuta kapena sitima? Kodi adzapita ku milaga ndi ku dziko ku mapeto a nkhondo? Contemporary ndi mbiri yakale timva kufotokoza kulimbamtima, kulimba mtima komanso kukhala olimba mtima, asilikali osati munthu ndi amalinyero, komanso mayunitsi lonse, ndi mphamvu za panyanja, akasinja ndi ndege. Ubwino mkati mwa anthu pamene chinaperekedwa pa njira, amene iwo ankalamulira.

Choncho wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" ndi timu, ntchito zake ndiponso zochita udachita iye mdani woopsayu kwa mutuwo. Kodi mtundu wa mtundu wa zombo otchedwa wowonongayo?

Wowonongayo - ndi wothandiza warship

Ofunkha, amatchedwanso wowonongayo, ndi Mipikisano cholinga nkhondowo-liwiro luso, amene ali okonzeka kwambiri kuti amenyane sitima zankhondo, ndege (mu Baibulo amakono ndi mivi), ndi zombo za adani. Ntchito ofunkha ndi mulinso chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha convoys panyanja, anawazunza reconnaissance, zida zankhondo thandizo pa ankafika ndi zina zotero.

"Gremyashchy" - alonda wowonongayo squadron kuti WWII

Izi chinaikidwa pa wowonongayo Leningrad mbewu № 190 pansi chiwerengero C-515. Patatha zaka zitatu, nyumbayi inatha ndi Red Chabwino Baltic zombo anamutengera ku ndodo yake. Patapita miyezi ingapo, wowonongayo "Gremyashchy", umene panthawi imeneyo analamula A. I. Gurin, pamodzi ndi wowonongayo 'kupsinja "anawoloka White Nyanja Baltic Ngalande ndipo anafika ku Kronstadt kwa kumalo ozizira.

Pa nkhondo Chifinishi "Gremyashchy" nthawi zambiri anachita ntchito za kulondera ndipo reconnaissance, komanso pofuna kuteteza convoys galimoto.

Mu November 1940, chombo chidali utumiki chitsimikizo ndi kukonza, chimene chinafika mpaka May 1941. Choncho wowonongayo pamaso pa chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anali mu chikhalidwe chabwino.

"Gremyashchy" wowonongayo mu 1937, mu masiku oyambirira a nkhondo

Mu theka lachiwiri la usiku June 22, 1941 , kumpoto zombo wakhala anachenjezedwa. "Clattering" anauzidwa kuti amapita mlomo Vaenga ya Arctic. Pa nthawi imeneyi, June 23 wowonongayo amaipidwa kuukira kwa ndege German, ndipo tsiku lotsatira iye anapita ku nkhondo yake yoyamba asilikali, convoying sitima zapamadzi ku Murmansk kuti Titovka kumene anawomberedwa pansi mdani yoponya mabomba.

Mpaka pakati pa August 1941 wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" Kumpoto zombo anali mu Vaenga, kupanga forays nthawi zina m'nyanja. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi iye ankatha kusonyeza kuukira oposa 20 mpweya.

Ndi August 18 wowonongayo anagwidwa Murmansk, kumene kunali kulimbitsa zida zake odana ndege: a 45-millimeter Cannon anawonjezera mifuti 37 millimeter.

Pa August 22, German sitima zapamadzi kugwirizana ndi mdani zoponya mabomba a Mayi ngalawa "Maria Ulyanova". Podziteteza ake wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" anatumizidwa, pamodzi ndi makhoti, "Kuibyshev", "Uritsky" ndi kulondera ngalawa "Mphepo". Mu nkhondo imeneyi, oyendetsa za "Gremyaschi" anasonyeza kuti olimbikira, olimba ndiponso odziwa nkhondowo timu. limodzi "Junkers" anawomberedwa pansi ndi winayo lowonongeka. Komabe, iye analandira kuwonongeka zazing'ono wowonongayo 8 mabomba chakumene mamita 15 okha kuchokera ku mbali yake. Koma patatha masiku anayi kukonza mwadzidzidzi kutsatira convoy pa nyanja pamodzi ndi "Gremyashchy".

Wowonongayo mwezi wonse wa September anali khazikitsa minefields ndi kanayi kokha mu nyanja kwa kuwombera pa mipherezero mdani pansi. Nthawi imeneyi, iye anakhazikitsa kuposa mphindi 190, ndi kutulutsa pafupifupi 300 zipolopolo.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa 1941, "Gremyashchy" shuttled pakati zapansi mu Murmansk, kozizira ndi Vaenga zonse amachitika cholimbana udindo mdani. The chidwi kwambiri ntchito wowonongayo mu miyezi ya nkhondo - ndi shelling Varde doko Norway pa November 24 usiku. Mphindi 6 kenako chikalata zipolopolo 87 bwinobwino anabwerera mu kaundula Nawonso achichepere, sanali anavulala pa moto ayankhe.

Mu mayeso chaka chatsopano anapitiriza

Wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" Kumpoto zombo February 21, 1942 zipolopolo pa udindo mdani mu Norway 121 projectile.

Ndi kasupe wa 1942 wowonongayo anali limodzi ndi 11 anagwirizana convoys. anawazunza onse chombo zinachitika mu mavuto nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, March 14 wowonongayo anali ayezi kwa Nyanja North kuukira German sitima zapamadzi atatu milandu mozama. A March 22 pamene ndege convoy wina anali mu mkuntho wamphamvu. zombo Transport ndi zombo kuperekezedwa zotayana mu madera osiyana. Iye anavutika ndi "Gremyashchy" - ndi wowonongayo mafunde nyanja anakantha chiwerengero cha kuvulala kwambiri. Patapita masiku awiri iye ananena kwa Mariya kuti March 28, pamodzi ndi wowonongayo 'kupsinja "ndi English ngalawa" Oribi "kuika kwa nyanja chifukwa msonkhano wotsatira wa zombo apaulendo katundu akubwera kuchokera UK.

Tsiku lotsatira, convoy ndi kuperekezedwa zinaukilidwa zombo za adani, zomwe bwinobwino atathamangitsidwa. Koma pali anadikira anadabwa wina. March 30, 1942 pa khomo Kola Bay anatulukira ndi sitima zapamadzi mdani. "Gremyashchy" pa liwilo kwa malo a dislocation mdani ndi aikidwa mu madzi 17 kuya milandu. kumuukira wopambana: patapita kanthawi panali zinyalala pa pamwamba pa nyanja mafuta mpala ndi thumba German wolamulira. Mwamwayi Patapita German sitima zapamadzi U-585 anawonongedwa.

Mwezi lonse wa April wowonongayo zonse anapita ku nyanja Barizilai anaperekeza convoys. Pankhaniyi, nthawi ina zosasangalatsa chinalembedwa. Kumapeto kwa mwezi "Gremyashchy" ndi "chowononga" anatenga kutetezeredwa cruiser British "Edinburgh", omwe anali anaukira ndi sitima zapamadzi German. Usiku May 1 ofunkha anakakamizika kubwerera ku maziko kwa imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta. Pa tsiku lachiwiri, "Gremyashchy" anabwerera cruiser, koma izo zinali mochedwa: "Edinburgh" anali kumizidwa ndi zombo German.

Kuyambira May mpaka kumapeto kwa June, Union wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" likufa kukonza pa akuyandama chiwerengero m'munsi 104. Zake osati chigamba, koma anasintha wodzilemekeza ndiponso ndi armament. Mu ndondomekoyi, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse anali pokana matenda ndege mdani. Choncho, pa June 15 pa mpweya anaukira lotsatira pa zong'ambika odana ndege wowonongayo anawomberedwa pansi zoponya mabomba atatu, ndipo zimayambitsa chomwecho kuwonongeka.

zokonzedwanso

Pambuyo kukonza, wowonongayo anapitiriza Barizilai zombo katundu, zonse kunyezimiritsa anawazunza ndi ndege mdani.

Popeza kuti mapeto a August - chiyambi cha September 1942 "Gremyashchy" ili nakocheza pa Murmansk, kumene wakhala analowa mu dongosolo mpweya chitetezo. Yachisanu ya September gunners adakwera ndodo, pamodzi ndi gombe alonda anatsegula moto pa mdani womenya gulu zouluka ndi bomba mzinda wa Murmansk. Pa nkhondo ya sitimayo odana ndege batire anawomberedwa pansi ndege atatu, koma chombo sichinakwaniritsidwebe yoonongeka, ngakhale angapo chakumene oposa 12 mabomba.

Kwa mwezi wonse wa September ndinali nkhondo zambiri "Gremyashchy": wowonongayo kumbuyo makamu Soviet ndipo anagwirizana zombo. Koma kuwonongeka kwambiri chombo likukhalira osati zipolopolo mdani ndi zipolopolo, zachilendo ngati zikuoneka, ndi ku zinthu m'madzi. Iye nthawizonse afika mu mkuntho, ndipo kenako konse kufika kwa m'munsi yapafupi kwa kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, October 21 wowonongayo wagwidwa mkuntho, chifukwa cha chimenechi chinathetsa gawo zida zake ndi kuchuluka kwa zipolopolo. Chakumapeto October, iye anagunda 7 aakulu ndi chisanu ndi mphepo, kenako ngalawayo anasefukira olimba kutsinde madzi. Chotengera kuyambira pa chidendene madigiri 52, boilers loyamba ndi wachitatu galimoto adayamba kulephera. Choncho, wowonongayo anakakamizika pang'onopang'ono kubwerera ku maziko, potero kumamusokoneza tcheru.

mutu alonda

March 1, 1943 wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" pamodzi ndi oyendetsa ake chifukwa kulimba mtima ndi kulimba anali kupereka mutu wa alonda.

Mpaka mapeto a April 43. ngalawa inali kukonzedwa kuwalitsa vyakujumpha kale kuti mabomba. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali choncho zachilendo, pamene ndege anawomberedwa pansi Russian ndi zolembera chizindikiritso cha mtundu osadziwika.

Kuchokera May kwa June alonda wowonongayo anapita khumi magalimoto apaulendo, pamene repulsing anaukira "nkhandwe paketi" mwa sitima zankhondo German.

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1944 "Gremyashchy" mu zombo ananyamula moto kuthandiza magulu patsogolo kwa Karelian Front.

Kodi zotumiza foni, chomwechonso izo tiwolokere

Wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" pankhondoyo ali moona udachita dzina lake. Iye anachita utumwi nkhondowo oposa 90 anamuuza lamulo wamkulu, zaka pafupifupi 60 zikwi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi miles. Wowonongayo kupulumutsidwa 112 mdani mpweya kuukira, anawombera pansi 14 ndi kuvulaza oposa 20 ndege, bwinobwino ndendeyo 40 wogwirizana ndi 24 convoys wathu, Amira wina ndi anabweretsanso mavuto kwa sitima zankhondo awiri German, ambiri nthawi anakhala shelling madoko mdani ndi maudindo. Ndipo izo ziri basi kwa boma deta zalembedwa.

M'chaka cha 1945, mkulu wa sitima A. I. Gurin analandira udindo mkulu wa Hero wa Soviet Union.

pambuyo chigonjetso

Mu 1956, wowonongayo adapachikidwa mikono, ndipo anakhala maphunziro chombo. Ndipo zingapo iye achotsedwa apanyanja. Wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" a 1941-1945, anapita patchuthi, ndipo m'malo mwa latsopano ano odana ndi sitima zapamadzi chombo cha dzina yemweyo, amene anapitilira mwambo wa ulemerero wa wotchuka wowonongayo ya Soviet kumpoto zombo.

magawo luso wowonongayo "Gremyashchy"

Wowonongayo "Gremyashchy" amene chithunzi ife tikhoza kuwona pamwamba, ali ndi mphamvu 48.000 ndiyamphamvu ndi kusamutsidwa matani 2380, kutalika 113 ndipo 10 mamita lonse. Liwiro pazipita chotengera - 32 mfundo ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana ndi mode Eco - oposa 1,600 mailosi. Zida wowonongayo anali anayi mfuti 130 millimeter, awiri 76.2 mm ndi zinayi 37 mm Cannon ndi anayi mfuti amapasa zoomba awiri ndi machubu awiri oponya. Komanso, anaika m'sitimayo mphindi 56, pafupifupi 55 zipolopolo kwambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Adalira inkakhala anthu 245 chotengera.

The chifukwa cha ndemanga pa

Malinga ndi mbiri ya akapitawo German ndi asirikali a Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, m'gulu la asilikali Soviet wakhala anawachititsa osati kwambiri makhalidwe luso mfuti ngati mtima wa oyendetsa ndi akazembe amene akanamenyana mwa wina wa zinthu zolembedwa m'mabuku pansi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Ndipo "Gremyashchy" udachita ake oopsa dzina zaka zambiri ntchito nkhondowo kuteteza komanso kuteteza dziko lathu ku kuwukira mdani. Mu masiku ano Russian bulu zida m'nyanja, ndithudi, ndi ngalawa chipangizo kuposa chotengera 1941-1945 a. Komabe, mzimu wa asilikali miyambo sizinasinthe.