Melanin - ndi chiyani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ikufunika?

Tonse timadziwa kuti anthu amasiyana pakati pa khungu, maso ndi tsitsi, koma nthawi zonse musamaganize chifukwa chake izi zimachitika. Koma izi ndi melanin. Ndi chiyani? Nkhumba ya mtundu wakuda kapena wofiira, womwe uli m'maselo ena, womwe uli m'kati mwa epidermis ndi m'kati mwa diso. Nthaŵi zina, kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi majeremusi, mwa ena - ndi chilengedwe.

Chifukwa chakuti melanin imachitika chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa - khungu limatetezedwa ku ultraviolet kuwala, pali tani. Nthawi yochuluka yomwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito padzuwa, mdima umakhala khungu lake - izi ndizochitetezo cha thupi. Koma pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa kuti anthu osiyana amawotcha kwambiri kapena abwino, winawake amangotenthedwa. Mofanana ndi mtundu wa maso, izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe. Mu khungu la anthu oterowo, kansalu kakang'ono kokha, ndipo thupi limapanganso kuchuluka kwake, choncho muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa.

Ntchito imeneyi ya melanin ndi yofunika kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti matenda ambiri a kansa ya khungu amalembedwa padziko lonse chaka chilichonse, popanda pigmentyi padzakhala zambiri. Tengani kontinenti ya ku Africa - popanda mphamvu yokhala ndi zithunzi zokhala ndi anthu okhalamo, sikungatheke kukhala ndi moyo. Kotero ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimayambitsa mtundu wa khungu ndipo chimatetezera ku zotsatira za kuvulaza kwa dzuwa.

Choncho, n'zosavuta kusiyanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a melanin ochokera kwa ena - amawombera mosavuta, ndipo mthunzi wa khungu lawo sakhala wowala kwambiri, kawirikawiri ndi azitona kapena ngakhale mdima. Palinso chikhalidwe chimene thupi silingathe kukhala ndi okwanira kapena ngakhale kutulutsa mankhwala a melanin. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani ndipo zimadziwonetsera bwanji? Pankhaniyi, amalankhula za alubino - mawonekedwe a anthu oterewa angawoneke akuyamba kuona zachilendo. Anthu-albino amatha kukumana nthawi zambiri, koma mdziko lapansi sizingatheke, makamaka pakati pa makoswe. Nthawi zina pakhungu, nkhumbayi imawonongedwa pazifukwa zina - ndiye zimabwera ku vitiligo.

Sikuti munthu amangokhala ndi melanin m'maselo ake chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi bowa, nyama ndi zomera zimapanganso? Inde, chifukwa amafunikanso kuteteza photoprotection, ndipo pigment iyi imateteza kwambiri ultraviolet.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake yayikulu, kusungunuka kwa thupi kumagwira ntchito ya neurotransmitter, komanso kumachita nawo kubwezeretsa ndi kutetezedwa kwa DNA - chidziwitso cha chibadwa cha thupi lirilonse. Kuonjezera apo, ndi mankhwala amphamvu okhudzana ndi antioxidant, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya mankhwalawa yakhala ikudziwikiratu mu mankhwala. Ndiyi pigment yomwe imayambitsa mapangidwe - maselo achikuda amawoneka pamodzi, ndipo amawoneka ngati zing'onozing'ono khungu, lodziwika kwa aliyense.

Anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lotupa nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti maselo awo apange melanin. Ichi ndi chiani? Kodi izi zingatheke? Mwachindunji - ayi, koma mutha kudya zakudya zambiri ndi vitamini A, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zina, popanga pigmentyi, komanso zimapatsa khungu golide. Melanin wayamba kale kuchotsa maselo, ndikupanga ndi amino acid tyrosine. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala ochizira vitiligo, komanso photodermatitis, eczema ya dzuwa, ndi zina zotero. Amapezanso zodzoladzola za chitetezo ku ultraviolet ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito atatha dzuwa. Kunyalanyaza chitetezo cha khungu sikungakhale kovuta, chifukwa chakhudzidwa ndi zotentha, komanso mavuto aakulu kwambiri.