Anachedwa-mtundu hypersensitivity: Development limagwirira

Kusintha chiwopsezo kapena reactivity kwa mankhwala achilendo otchedwa ziwengo (kuchokera Greek. "Chisoni kuti mayiko ena"). Dzina "ziwengo" anatuluka ndi Austria wasayansi Clemens Pirke mu 1906. Iye anandiuza ntchito mawu akuti pofotokoza ntchito ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa chamoyo kuchokera malo kunja, ndi zinthu yotithandiza motero siligwirizana, wotchedwa allergens.

American allergist R. A. Kuk mu 1947 analenga Gawo loyamba chifuwa. Malinga ndi tanthauzo lake, pali msanga mtundu hypersensitivity ndi kuchedwa mtundu hypersensitivity. Mtundu yamasika tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino. Chofunika, hypersensitivity zochita mwamsanga ndipo anachedwa-mtundu kusiyana kwambiri Chrixitu.

Chachikulu kusiyana

Zichitike mtundu hypersensitivity - zimachitika kuti ndi Antigen kuti zikadzatha Mphindi 20-25 pambuyo msonkhano wachiwiri ndi allergen (Antigen). Ndipo zimene anachedwa-mtundu hypersensitivity Izo zinawonetsera osati kale kuposa pambuyo maola angapo kapena masiku 7-8. Mu 1968, PG Jello ndi R. A. Kumbs analemba pepala sayansi, yomwe inali yakuti, "The gulu latsopano la thupi lawo siligwirizana." Malinga ndi gulu ili ndi 4 Mitundu ya chifuwa.

chifuwa

• Mtundu 1 - anaphylactic, atopic, reaginic. Ndi mawonetseredwe a mtundu akhoza pachikhalidwe angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic mantha, atopic bronchial mphumu, urticaria.
• Mtundu 2 - cytotoxic kapena cytolytic kuti mawonetseredwe ake monga khansa, hemolytic magazi m'thupi, RH zosagwirizana.
• 3 mtundu - m'thupi zovuta kapena Arthus mtundu. Akuti n'komwe ndi zimene waukulu mu etiology matenda seramu, nyamakazi, zokhudza zonse lupus erimatoznoy. mitundu yonse atatu zikugwirizana kwambiri hemagglutinin ndi a hypersensitivity yomweyo.
• Mtundu 4 - anachedwa mtundu hypersensitivity, limagwirira selo kauntala amakhala ndi mphamvu ya T-lymphocyte Antigen-Heller.

sensibilization

Anachedwa mtundu zochita hypersensitivity Zina ndi chamoyo kuti antigens tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,, bowa, helminths, chifukwa antigens yokumba ndi chilengedwe (mankhwala, mankhwala) zonsezo apatukane. Ambiri bwino anachedwa hypersensitivity anachita kumayambiriro antigens maloimmunogennyh. A mlingo zazing'ono antigens pa jekeseni subcutaneous zimayambitsa mochedwa mtundu hypersensitivity. limagwirira chitukuko thupi lawo siligwirizana wa mtundu uwu hypersensitivity ndi T-lymphocytes kuti antigens Heller. заставляет выделяться вещества, например, интерлейкин-2, которые активизируют макрофаги, происходит гибель антигена, вызвавшего сенсибилизацию лимфоцитов. Hypersensitivity allocated zimapangitsa lymphocytes chinthu, mwachitsanzo, interleukin-2, lomwe yambitsa macrophages, Antigen amapezeka imfa anachititsa zina za lymphocytes. T lymphocytes mulinso ndi njira zodzitetezera imene mabakiteriya akuphedwa, mavairasi kapena mogwirizana.

mawonekedwe zina anamuona ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana monga TB, chindoko, brucellosis, diphtheria, mycoses, helminthiasis ndi ena, komanso kumezanitsa kukanidwa.

Mwachitsanzo

The odziwika chitsanzo cha maganizo ndi tuberculin khungu mayeso Mantoux. Ngati munthu amene thupi tuberculous Bacillus, kulowa tuberculin intradermally, ndiye 24-48 maola jekeseni malo induration anapanga 10-15 mamilimita chilonda pakati.

Histological Kupenda limasonyeza kuti adzalowerera anapeka makamaka a lymphocytes ndi monocyte-macrophage maselo angapo.

Aner

Nthawi zina analephera kuwayankha. Zimenezi zimatchedwa anergy, mwachitsanzo kupanda anachita zikuchitika.

аллерген, попадая в организм, гибнет. Zabwino anergy kumachitika pamene allergen alowa m'thupi, afa. Pankhaniyi, kutupa zimachokeradi.

Wachisoni anergy kumachitika pamene thupi silingaone kuteteza yokha, zosonyeza kuti kufooka payekha. Chifukwa chosowa Poyankha, kapena mwina pang'ono noticeable kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha T-lymphocytes kapena kulakwila ntchito zawo, amathanso chifukwa cha kochulukira ntchito ya T-suppressors.

Paraallergiya ndi pseudoallergy

«парааллергия» и «псевдоаллергия». Pali mfundo za "paraallergiya" ndi "zoyerekeza-ziwengo". при диагностировании инфекционных болезней, выражающихся аллергическими реакциями. Iwo zimachitika matenda a matenda opatsirana, anasonyeza thupi lawo siligwirizana.

Paraallergiya - pamene thupi kachilombo sagwirizana allergens ofanana Mwachitsanzo, TB ndi kachilombo atamvetsera mycobacteria atypical.

Zoyerekeza-ziwengo - ndi ziwengo, mwachitsanzo, tuberculin asakhalenso kudwala khansa.

siteji ziwengo

Mu matupi awo sagwirizana nthawi 3 limafotokoza mapazi a:

1. Immunological siteji. иммунной системы. Pa nthawi imeneyi, zosintha zonse za m'thupi. Mu allergen thupi chimamanga kwa chitetezo ndi lymphocytes hypersensitive.
2. Pathochemical siteji. которые образуются в результате присоединения аллергена с антителами и гиперчувствительными лимфоцитами. Apa mu mapangidwe maselo a owayimira (bioactive mankhwala), monokines, lymphokines, amene anapanga ndi Kuwonjezera wa allergen kwa chitetezo ndi lymphocytes hypersensitive.
3. Pathophysiological siteji. Pa nthawi imeneyi, matenda ndi owonetseredwa chipatala. Izi zimachitika chifukwa owayimira anaonekera ingafooketse zimakhala thupi. Apa pali kutupa, kuyabwa, spasms minofu yosalala, ndi matenda ena magazi.

Zinthu izi kudziwa anachedwa-mtundu hypersensitivity.

chithandizo

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nkhani zovuta kwambiri. Therapy ayenera kuchitidwa bwinobwino kwa mankhwalawa msanga mtundu hypersensitivity, mwachitsanzo, ndi kuchedwa-mtundu hypersensitivity - .. Kodi chitetezo kutupa.

directionality

Chithandizo ayenera kupita ku immunological mfundo yotupa mankhwala ndi neutralization wa tizilomboto lapansi. Ndipo komabe, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba ndi malamulo ambiri zochizira matenda awo sagwirizana. Onetsetsani kusunga zakudya hypoallergenic. Mankhwalawa mtundu hypersensitivity ali ndi wapadera malo etiological mankhwala umalimbana chifukwa cha matenda.

Mitundu ya anachedwa-mtundu hypersensitivity. mankhwala

Mtundu wa hypersensitivity ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu kukhudzana, tuberculin ndi granulomatous, kotero mankhwala ayenera umalimbana ndi mtundu makamaka.

• Contact hypersensitivity kumachitika pamene yatikhudza ndi mankhwala (cobalt, faifi tambala, matabwa resins, Mercury, etc.), Mankhwala, zomera chakupha. Kuwonjezera mankhwala yaikulu ya chifuwa, kukhudzana hypersensitivity Komanso anatumizidwa chithandizo kutha mogwirizana amachititsa ziwengo, mankhwala umalimbana kuchotsa kutupa, UV-walitsa.
• Tuberculin hypersensitivity anafotokoza kuti matenda ndi otchedwa tuberculin kapena antigens ofanana Choncho sikutanthauza chithandizo.
• Opatsirana anachedwa hypersensitivity kumachitika pamene zina tizilombo kuchititsa matenda monga TB, chindoko, brucellosis, tizilombo ta matenda, chinzonono, parasitic infestations. Chithandizo cha ziwengo opatsirana lolunjika pa chiwonongeko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda matenda.
• Matupi awo sagwirizana hypersensitivity kuti mapuloteni sungunuka kumachitika pamene zofooketsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, imene thupi satenga mankhwala proteinaceous monga mkaka, nsomba, mazira, mtedza, nyemba ndi mapuloteni ena ali dzinthu lapansi. mankhwala kwa chakudya amakonda zakudya zimene zimachititsa chifuwa.
• Autoimmune hypersensitivity - ndi pamene thupi zimakhala yekha ndi maselo opangidwa chitetezo tcheru, amene ndi chifukwa chifuwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ziwengo autoimmune.

Choyamba - ndi pamene ntchito m'thupi si kuonongeka, koma pali autoallergens zimene zimachititsa chitetezo chokwanira mkhutu. Chachiwiri - pamene chitetezo cha m'thupi amapereka kulephera, osadziwa kumene mapuloteni awo, ndi kumene achilendo amakhulupirira kuti ndi allergen. Mankhwala symptomatic ndi pathogenetic ikuchitika, lomwe lili mu ntchito immunosuppressants. Izi zili choncho makamaka corticosteroids.

Hypersensitivity kupatsidwa zina - chiwonongeko cha thupi yachilendo ophatikizidwa mu thupi. Popewa chifuwa amenewa kungakhale kusankha wabwino wa mwiniwake, komanso kupatsa mankhwala osiyana immunosuppressive zisokoneze chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Choncho, anachita anachedwa mtundu hypersensitivity lili ndi tanthauzo waukulu. Pa mtima wa limagwirira hypersensitivity anachita ndi kutupa, amene amathandiza mpumulo wa matenda m'madera okhudzidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo wathanzi m'thupi.