Mfuti "Hotchkiss" - chipangizo ndi chithunzi

Ngakhale utumiki kwambiri, mfuti ya makina, "Hotchkiss" sanakhale konse pa mikono zonse asilikali chimodzi mu dziko, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa kuphweka wachibale chipangizo, iwo ali ndi makhalidwe palibe chabwino. Anamugwiritsa ntchito mwakhama nkhondo ndi mu nthawi nkhondoyo, pamene iye anali mwachidule nawo UK ndi madera Indian, amene anali kale chogwidwa ndi France, ndipo lero amamuiwala mu dziko.

Chimayesedwa chitsanzo choyamba

Kutengera pa zomwe dongosolo mfuti ya makina, anatha kupanga chitsanzo latsopano la chida - mfuti ya makina, "Hotchkiss", umene kale mu 1909 inali kuperekedwa kwa dziko msika kamodzi 7 ndi 10 makilogalamu Baibulo. Ankawonjezereka chitsanzo anali okonzeka ndi osati thunthu, yomwe inkafuna m'malo a osachepera kuchuluka kwa nthawi zimenezo zinali zofunika kwambiri nkhondowo, komanso koziziritsira, amene chidwi mu dipatimenti mfuti Artkoma GAU, amene anaganiza kuti ayese chida chatsopano mu mfuti osiyanasiyana.

Ngakhale kuti pa ntchito Kulephera mobwerezabwereza kwa dongosolo wolandila, dipatimenti zida anaganiza kupitiriza kuyezetsa, ndipo anapanga dongosolo latsopano mtanda ka mfuti zinali kuonekera. ganizo limeneli anali mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chakuti mayiko ambiri achilendo, pamodzi ndi mfuti chachikulu makina, anali ndi zida zambiri ndi "mfuti-mfuti", analandira ambiri chifukwa mphamvu ndi compactness wachibale, anayankha kuti panali kanthu, ndi Buku - mfuti "Hotchkiss" angakhale zina zabwino.

Pa Air zombo mu zida

Mu 1912, kampani wakhala wopanga ndi potidziwitsa ndi kusinthidwa latsopano la makina mfuti, anaikira unsembe pa ndege zankhondo. chipangizo anasemphana khalidwe ku chitsanzo choyambirira. Mfuti "Gochkins" analandira m'malo katundu mfuti nsinga, kumene Chinawonjezeka njira yapadera kuona ndi swivel wagawo, kwambiri zimatithandiza ntchito ngati alamu. sukulu oyenda kapitawo analandira magazini choyamba cha zida zapamwamba mu June 1914, mwachindunji kwa Mlengi.

Chopereka kwa World Choyamba

Ngakhale kuti zitsanzo woyamba sanasangalale kutchuka kwambiri, kachitidwe mfuti, "Hotchkiss" anakhala kufunika mkulu pamaso pa First World nkhondo.

Mayiko amene atenga izo pa bolodi:

• France - 1909. okhazikika bwino dongosolo amalola kubala mayunitsi 700 pamwezi. Lachitsanzo otchuka kwambiri chinali French makina mfuti "Hotchkiss" mu 1922, kulemera kwa amene anamasulira Mabaibulo onse wotsatira chiyani musalumphe makilogalamu 9,6. kamangidwe Universal amalola kuwombera pa mlingo wa zipolopolo 450 pa mphindi imodzi, imene inali yofunika kwambiri chizindikiro pa nthawi imeneyo. chitsanzo ichi inali dongosolo Zimakhala moto yimitsira, zomwe sizinachitike ntchito, ndipo wakhala zokuzira mwachindunji pa mbiya.
• UK - Mark Ine «Hotchkiss '303 kupanga okhazikika unakhazikitsidwa mu 1915.
• USA - "Bene Mercier" 30 M1909. Dziwani kuti nthawi mpaka 1916 mu Ankhondo US anali osaposa 679 zitsanzo izi.

Kaya dziko la anapanga kupereka dongosolo la bipod lopinda, mphete pa mbiya ndi zikhomo ndi makina mfuti anali sizivuta kuika pa miyendo itatu kuwala, ndi kuwayika iwo pansi kumbuyo ogwiritsa kwa bata wamkulu. Ngakhale kuti m'mayiko monga Spain, Norway, Greece ndi Brazil, ndipo sichinayambe anapezerapo kupanga zida izi, azilandira zida athandiza kukonza kwathunthu vuto la kusowa.

Chipangizo mfuti "Hotchkiss"

Ngakhale zosintha zonse, "Hotchkiss" ali anapitiriza chipangizo wapachiyambi, kulandira lolimbikitsa kwambiri zofooka. The yang'anira za chipinda cha gasi monga pisitoni ndi unscrewed anakhazikitsidwa mu chipinda kutsogolo ndi ntchito ndi kuyeza voliyumu, akuponya mpweya mwamsanga pamene anafika amalimbikitsa yovuta. chopopera dongosolo mpweya kumaliseche lalembedwa kuti iwo ali kutali yamphamvu, ndipo anadutsa njira yaitali ya pisitoni gasi, zida ndi nozzle ndi chikachita kuchotsedwa pansi pa inabala yopingasa a mbiya pasanabuke arrow mavuto aliwonse.

Chogwirira kuti ntchito recharge mfuti posewera udindo wa lama fuyusi ndi. Dongosolo zokha, chifukwa sayenda ake, anali kutalika sitiroko mpaka 106 mm. Mwini wa mfuti ya makina akanakhoza, kutembenukira izo, kuti adziwe chifukwa yokha imene mode makina mfuti zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito:

• S - lama fuyusi.
• R - wosakwatiwa moto.
• A - mosalekeza moto.

Komanso, mfuti ya makina, "Hotchkiss" ali pang'ono kudula chipata ndi mbali ya thunthu, umene unali chinthu chachikulu kusintha pakati pa zinthu izi zipangizo dongosolo yolusa. Chifukwa chaichi, zowalamulira anali kugwira zida zosiyanasiyana zamanja zoweta, omwe atembenukira mbiya chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ndodo pisitoni, Ufumuyo mkati mfuti.

mphamvu mfuti

Mlandu mfuti anali kukhala yamphamvu tepi. Pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kuganizira kuti ngati zotsatira zinachitikadi mu UK, kuchuluka kwa zipolopolo anali 30 ma PC., Ndipo ngati France, zidutswa 24 okha. Pamene kuwombera akutembenukira wapampopi-dzenje ndalezo chala ndalama unakhazikitsidwa mu dongosolo yam'manja.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dongosolo adzapereke kwa aliyense zosinthika anali payekha Mfuti "Hotchkiss" mu 1914 mlandu zitsulo tepi koma kusintha ndi mfundo zovuta, iliyonse ili limagwirizana pa makatiriji atatu. Mu ntchito, maganizo olakwika chinthu, ngakhale kuti lamba kulemera ndi yosavuta kwambiri kuposa mu sitolo, si makamaka wodalirika komanso kuyang'anira kumakhaladi yovuta kwambiri usiku chinaoneka. Pa mbuyo mtengo, anapanga mfuti ziyerekezo ndi kuletsa kwa phewa. Komanso, ngati n'koyenera, zikhoza pabwino, ngakhale batala mbale, limene linali Dipatimenti wapadera.

zaka Pre-nkhondo ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Pamaso pa mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, chidakwa mfuti ya makina, "Hotchkiss" 13,2 mm, linatuluka mu France, anayamba ndi anthu ambiri. Izi zinali makamaka chifukwa chakuti kapangidwe amapereka osati firepower koma liwiro ndi kuwombera, anapatsidwa ziwawa za koyamba liwiro la chipolopolo.

mfuti limagwirira ndi mtundu wa drummer - mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chakuti choyambitsa njira yake, anasonkhana mbale kumbuyo, amapereka yokonza moto basi okha. The drawback yekha chitsanzo ichi chinali kuti anafunika mlandu masitolo, buku la Anthu limene silidakhulupirire olumpha zipolopolo 15. Mu ntchito iyi anali kutenthedwa chitetezo zipangizo zamakono, zomwe ndi nthiti anapanga pamodzi kutalika lonse la mbiya.

Pakali pano, ichi chitsanzo makina mfuti undeservedly aiwala, ngakhale kuti ndi thandizo la Germany anakwanitsa kukhala motalika ali mukukhala, atagwira asilikali Soviet wa firepower wake.