Nthawi zambiri ambiri - onse asukulu ndi makolo awo - ndi mafunso okhudza suffixes kalembedwe. Today ife kulankhula za "" suffix. anthu ambiri, popanda kudziwa kufunika kwake, kupanga zambiri kulakwitsa mu kalembedwe ka mawu okhala izo. Choncho tiyeni pang'ono zakuya mu nkhalango ya galamala Russian, yang'anani mmene kulemba ena suffixes.
Chidwi mbiri za chiyambi cha suffix ndi
Pakuti starters, mukhoza kuona chiyambi cha gawo ili la mawu. The suffix "kuti" panabuka kale. Iwo Tingaone, mwachitsanzo, mu maina a misewu Moscow (Ilyinka; Sretenka; Salsola). Childs, mawu ndi suffix "a" yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuchepetsa ndi ambiri ankamva zimene ena mfundo zovuta. Choncho anthu anayamba kuitana kavalo njanji "Conca". Komanso, chidutswa unakhazikitsidwa ku mawu. Mwachitsanzo, ife kufotokoza mapangidwe mawu "khadi". Ndi chiyani icho? Avereji lotseguka kalata. Choncho dzina. Kapena kutenga chitsanzo; mau "supuni". Inakhalapo ku muzu "bodza" kuti limatanthauzanso "anakuta." Ndi zina zotero ..
Opinion philologists ankaona suffix
Komabe, ena akatswiri a zinenero amakhulupirira kuti mawu aliwonse ndi suffix "kuti" aipsa zolankhula zathu, kuononga vulgarisms ake. Choncho, kuyambira padziko m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu m'chilankhulo cha pali mawu monga "canteen", "kusuta chipinda", "wopera" ndi zina zotero. Alonda a Chirasha kuchepetsedwa tingachipeze powerenga amenewa ndi simplifications sanali anu kukoma. Ndithudi, mawu sangathe amati ndi "zachabechabe" gulu chabe chifukwa chakuti munthu sindimakonda. Onani kuti zitsanzozi ntchito kuti lithandizire kapena ntchito mawu kapena mawu kupotoza ndi suffix izi anapanga mawuwo.
Mtengo wa suffix ndi
Tiyeni tikambirane kufunika kwa suffix "a". ndi mawu amene akhoza kupanga chiyani? Choyamba, chidutswa akutumikira monga chizindikiro cha mitundu diminutive. Mwachitsanzo, "mwendo", "cholembera", "buku", "mbewa", "mwana" ndi zina zotero. mawu awa - zitsanzo zomveka bwino za mmene suffix diminutive angagwiritsidwe ntchito "kuti." Kachiwiri, ndi Kuwonjezera "a" mtundu manauni chosalimba anachokera ku mayina a kudzinenera kapena ntchito zimene wamphongo. Mwachitsanzo: woseŵera - woseŵera; wophunzira - wophunzira; lodger - lodger; anapuma - anapuma. Kachitatu, chidutswa ndipamene mawu kwa zinthu zimene kuchita kanthu. A mawu osavuta ndi suffix "ndi" - "zimatengedwa" ndi "chiphaso", "Zikhazikiko", ndi zina zotero. Chachinayi, mothandizidwa ndi "ndi" mawu mawonekedwe kutanthauza kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, "Kulephera", "m'thumba", "kuthyolako". Chachisanu, zina "kuti" ntchito ngati suffix ndi, zimatithandiza kusonyeza cholinga ziyenera a chinthu chilichonse kapena kanthu. Wachisanu wowopsa "ndi" amapezeka mu maina la ntchito (mu zachikazi), dziko malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, "Russian mkazi", "Chiyukireniya", "Aigupto" ndi zina zotero.
suffixed ndi "kwa" - zitsanzo, komanso malamulo a ntchito "kuti" ndi "CK"
Monga suffix ndi kupanga mawu atsopano ku adjectives. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kuyigwiritsa ntchito kuti alandire yochepa mawonekedwe adjective ndi ( "kufika - molimba mtima", "lakuthwa - kudula"). Ndipamene adjectives ku manauni kutha mu K, B, C ( "nkhonya - kulak", "Weaver - kuluka"). Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za kufanana chidutswa, poganizira za suffix "K" ndi "lomweli". kalembedwe ayenera mwapadera. Mwachitsanzo, suffix "lomweli" ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito adjectives wachibale. Wachibale adjectives simungathe kupanga yochepa mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo: "French - French", "Circassian - Circassian", "Chitata - Chitata," "Myuda - Jewish". Kumbukirani kuti kalata lotsiriza la ndizosowa nthawi ndi nthawi kokhazikika (review ndi kutanthauzira kachiwiri zitsanzo).
Mwachidule ndi wachibale adjectives - mapangidwe awo ndi suffix "ndi"
Akuti chidutswa olembedwa adjectives kupanga lalifupi mawonekedwe, komanso pambuyo kalata "N" ( "nsalu", "Turkey"). Awa ndi mawu ndi suffix "a" (zitsanzo): "pafupi - pafupi", "otsika - otsika". Pali milandu pamene tsinde la mawu itha "HB" kapena "PI". Pankhaniyi, kulemba chizindikiro zofewa pamaso 'CK ". Mwachitsanzo: "Siberia - Siberia", "Tyumen - Tyumen". Pali mwaiwala zimene malamulo imeneyi: ndi adjectives wachibale amene anachokera maina a miyezi pachaka. Mwachitsanzo: "November", "December", koma - "January" ndi "tsiku lonse", "Tien Shan", ndi zina zotero.
malamulo kalembedwe "kuti" ndi "lomweli" zitsanzo
Ngati tsinde la mawu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku adjective umatha ndi kalata "D", "mamita", "N", zilembo izi zonse kupulumutsidwa kwa "CK" kapena "". Mwachitsanzo, "mzinda - mzinda", "German - German". Zikatero, ngati tsinde itha "a", "b", ndi adjectives pamaso kalata "a" kwalembedwa "madalitso". Mawu ndi suffix ndi "a" popangidwa ndi ulamuliro: "nsodzi - usodzi" kapena Mwachitsanzo, "nsalu - kuluka". Onani kuti chizindikiro zofewa mu suffix "lomweli" kwalembedwa pambuyo "L" (mwachitsanzo - "Ural"), komanso adjective ndi linachokera ku dzina la mweziwo. The suffix "ndi" mawu mawonekedwe ndi zimaseketsa kapena mumanyozera kamvekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu kuwonjezera m'munsi mwa mawu akuti zinachitika kale, "ndi", ndiye chinthu chachikazi, phindu lake "amene amachita kanthu zafotokozeredwa m'bukuli." nauni uyu ali ndi kum'chitira kunyalanyaza kapena akuseŵera bwinobwino ( "anakhala - namwino", "yophika - varilka," "maganizo - dumalka"). Takambiranazi mwatsatanetsatane mmene ntchito suffix "ndi" zitsanzo momveka bwino zikusonyeza Malamulo awa.
suffixes wapakamwa
Tsopano tiona pa suffixes wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Mu Russian, iwo anawagawa mawu kupanga ndi kutchukitsa. Zithunzi loyamba la mawu atsopano, wachiwiri - yekha kusintha mawonekedwe awo kapena nthawi. Ndi suffixes mawu kupanga monga "Island", "Hava" "yva," "Willow," "wa", "evyva", "Ene (neri)", "Ene (kuti)," "ndi" ndi "E ". Ndi kutchukitsa ndi suffixes "L", "misasa" ( "misasa"), "zisanu" ( "mphindi"), ndi suffix ziro. Tsopano yang'anani aliyense payekhapayekha ndi kuonanso bwino suffix, zimene zinachitikira, aliyense wa iwo olembedwa.
suffixes preformative
Choncho preformative "Peninsula" ndi "Hava." suffixes awa analembedwa ndi ntchito choncho kumene mneni ndi mawonekedwe kalekale, zinachitika kale. Kapena ataima mu mawonekedwe a mmodzi, panopa kapena mtsogolo nthawi ya munthu. Ayenera kutha ndi mneni kuti "TH" ( "Yu"). Mwachitsanzo: "Ine kuphonya - Abiti", "chosangalatsa - kumadutsa" "kulalikira - kulalikira (kulalikira)," "lamulo - lamulo". Kuchotserapo: "scouting - scouting," "otvedyvat - analawa" "provedyvat - provedyvat", "ferret - Scouting". Konse kusokoneza kalembedwe wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene suffix "wa" ali pamodzi ndi za mawu yapitayi "E / ndi."
Moyenera ntchito "yva" ndi "msondodzi"
Suffixes "yva" kapena "Willow" kwalembedwa pamene mneni ndi mu maonekedwe infinitive ndi tensi yakale (kapena munthu woyamba), ngati kunena imodzi, panopa kapena mtsogolo mantha. Ayenera kutha ndi mneni kuti "yvayu" kapena "ivayu". Mwachitsanzo: "Ine kunena - kunena", "safanana - akupeka". Wina suffix - "Malvinas" - nthawizonse mantha mu kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Onani kuti mosavuta kusokonezedwa ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi, "Eva" ndipo "msondodzi". Onani Mwachitsanzo: "obvevat - obveyat", "kuthira - kutsanulira", "tili m'mavuto", "mochedwa", "kulingalira". Kuchotserapo ndi mawu awa: "chotenga munakhala" koma "Anapitirizabe", "kuyipitsa" koma "achinyengo". The suffix "ovyva" imatengedwa kuti ndi mantha. ulamuliro ndi losavuta - pambuyo sizzling nthawi kulemba kalata "E!" Zambiri Zitsanzo: "pamodzi", "samveka".
Kalembedwe mneni suffix "Ene", "ine" ndi zina
Kale "Ene" ( "neri") kapena "Ene" ( "kuti") zinalembedwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, amene anapanga kuchokera manauni. Iwo ali zachilendo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachitika kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive ndi transitive. M'pofunika kukumbukira kuti intransitive alembedwa "paulendo" ( "neri"), ndi kusintha - "paulendo" ( "kuti"). Apa osavuta ndi zosavuta kukumbukira zitsanzo za "amaundana," "wobiriwira," "kutembenukira buluu," "miyala." Wina suffixes zofala "ndi" ndi "E" ndi ntchito zawo zimadalira Transitional intransitive mneni. Mwachitsanzo: "dehydrate - obezvodet", "magazi", "deforest". Choncho, ngati verebu palokha - kusintha, kwalembedwa "ndi". Ngati mneni ndi intransitive, kwalembedwa, "E". Koma aliyense kulamulira pali kuchotserapo, kotero iwo "kumamatira", "kofunika", "adzikonzenso."
A pang'ono za suffixes zoyambirira
A nthumwi otchuka suffixes awa ndi "L". Iye momveka bwino ndi tensi yakale ya mneni. Komanso si m'gulu chifukwa cha mawu. Kumbukirani kuti pamaso m'pofunika kulemba za mawu omwewo monga mwa mawonekedwe infinitive. Onani "nadzagwidwa - kuchotsa", "chikopa - kobisika," "lathuli - wogwirizira". N'kosatheka kutchula "Xia" ( "misasa") m'nkhani ndi suffix. Choyamba, umatchedwa kobwereza ndi nthawi m'gulu chifukwa cha mawu. Mwachitsanzo: "Pita", "kumbuyo", "kukhala", "mumasamba". Koma suffix "kukhala" ( "mu-") konse akulowa tsinde la mawu, imapezeka mu mneni infinitive. Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi: "bodza", "mkamwa", "kutumikira", "kusindikiza", "chikopa", "kuyang'ana". Ndi zothandiza, ndi ziro suffix, kawirikawiri mneni zinachitika kale za maganizo zimasonyeza chachimuna mmodzi komanso kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu za makonzedwe yomangika chachimuna mmodzi, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu maganizo kuyesetsa. Zitsanzo za mawu amenewa: "kusiya", "Dzuwa", "Nyamuka".
Diminutive suffixes Chirasha
Diminutive suffix - ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ayenera? Ndipo apa pali yankho: timagwiritsa ntchito suffixes izi kulankhula ndi ana, nyama, salembedwa, ndithudi, pamene tikuyesetsa kunyalanyaza chilichonse. Mwamsanga pamene mwana amayamba kulankhula, chinthu chopambana atamva mawu ndi suffixes diminutive, amene kawirikawiri amamva makolo kapena opereka chithandizo. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi mawu ndi particles "yshk" ( "ishq"), "ushk" ( "yushk"). Apa m'pofunika - n'koyenera ntchito suffix. Ndipo tsopano zambiri za iwo, kuyamba ndi "mtedza". Zitsanzo zikhoza kukhala mawu: - ". Thumba - thumba" "mwamuna munthu", Nthawi zambiri, suffix izi zinalembedwa molondola. Pofuna kuteteza zosayembekezereka zolakwa, chokwanira kuti adziwe kuti "mtedza" kwalembedwa ngati ndi za mawu kugwa pansi declension mawu pa milandu. Wina wofanana - "IR". Pali zitsanzo, ndi pamodzi naye, "mimba - mimba", "kalulu - kalulu." Ambiri, chiwerengero cha particles amenewa ndi waukulu kwambiri chinenero cha Chirasha, ndipo n'kosatheka kuti atchule mu nkhani ina. Ife basi anayang'ana pa ena suffixes wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi maina wagwiritsiridwa zitsanzo za ntchito yawo ndi tanthauzo. Tikukhulupirira likuthandizani kulemba molondola ndi wopanda zolakwika iliyonse.