Miyambo wa Buku folklore Russian ndi Chinese

Mu dziko muli awiri wakale gwero la nzeru. Iwo ankagwiritsa ankamuona ngati nthano nzeru kutumiza, mu mawu mwachidule, nthano ndi nthano komanso mabuku - woyamba zonse zapamwamba zambiri. zinthuzo awiri sanathe kuwoloka, kotero lero anthu ali mabuku ambiri pa miyambi, ndi mawu a nambala yaikulu mabuku.

m'mabuku a mbiri yakale ku Russia

Amadziwika kuti 988 Lazaro anatengera Chikhristu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali zofunikira kuti media thupi, zimene zingathe anakafika mbalume za chikhulupiriro Orthodox ku gawo lonse la boma. Chotero mudziwe zonyamulira za lamulo loyera la Chikhristu anayamba mabuku amene pamanja ndi agulupa. A chopereka kwambiri kuti apange mabuku Russia anabweretsa abale Kirill Ine Mefody.

Pa ulamuliro wa Ivana Groznogo kufunika ambiri mabuku chikupezeka chochuluka popeza mosungiramo popangidwa ndi anthu a boma (a boyars), ayamba kunakulanso. Amonke analibe nthawi kulilembanso buku, kuwonjezera, zinamutengera nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Pa nkhani imeneyi anatenga makina osindikizira. Woyambitsa wa buku osindikizidwa mu dziko lino amati Ivan Fedorov, amene mwa dongosolo la Ivan IV kanatuluka woyamba kope kusindikiza za "Machitidwe a Atumwi."

Kuyambira pamenepo, buku la anakhala mbali yofunika ya anthu ophunzira ndi makhalidwe abwino, iwo analowa Russian mwambo ndi folklore: a mtundu watsopano mwa ziganizo - mwambi za bukulo.

Pansi Peter Ine zipsera osati munthu wobweretsa makhalidwe achikhristu. Panali mabuku ndi boma, kuchita ntchito zosangalatsa. Komanso linalembedwa mabuku ndi zopereka, amene anaphunzitsa ana panyumba ndi sukulu. Ndi zosiyanasiyana izi mabuku miyambi za buku anayamba monga wokhala zina. Iwo ukugwira ndi chiphunzitso cha kuwerenga ndi maphunziro.

Buku ngati chizindikiro cha chiphunzitso

Miyambo ndi mawu za bukhu wotetezedwa ake mu wowerengeka mwambo Russian monga gwero la chidziwitso ndi zinthu zambirimbiri. Sichangozi chifukwa panali anthu amakhulupirira kuti munthu wanzeru angathe kukhala popanda kuwerenga.

Books mwamphamvu mizu dongosolo la maphunziro, ziikidwe curricula a sukulu, monga chiphunzitso cha "mabuku," womwe sipangakhalenso ngati ntchito za olemba otchuka osati chitaikidwa mu sing'anga chogwirika.

Miyambo m'buku lakuti zikuimira fano okwana TV ngati zinthu zothandiza makhalidwe abwino anthu. Koma panali zambiri mu mbiri mabuku ndi ntchito aliyense yoopsa, monga malingaliro zili otsutsana ndi zofuna za mphamvu. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi - "The Gulag Archipelago" buku Solzhenitsyn, limene linatuluka kwa anthu ina kuposa anaonekera kwa cholembera cha wolemba.

mawu Russian za mabuku

Phindu la bukuli nthawi limatsindika folklore Russian. Fanizo la nkhani yolembedwa izi atha kutumikira ngati akuti: ". Gold ndi ncho pa dziko lapansi, ndi chidziwitso - m'mabuku" Pamenepa n'zoonekeratu kuti chidziwitso cha anthu Russian n'chimodzimodzi ndi golide mtengo ndi buku labwino - ndi nthaka yachonde pa lomwe limapezeka zonse zothandiza ndi ofunikira zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe a munthu.

Miyambi ya bukuli inextricably zogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya familiarization ndi mfundo zimene zikukambidwa mu izo, ndiko, ndi kuwerenga. Mu Russia, ndi njira, pamaso chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ambiri anali osaphunzira, monga wamba analibe njira zopezera ndalama kutumiza ana awo ku sukulu. Komabe, mwambi za bukhu ndipo Kuwerenga mizu mwambo Russian kale boma kunatha umbuli.

mawu Chinese za mabuku

anzeru wanzeru East sanathe kupewa mutu wa mabuku mbali. Miyambo ndi mawu za bukhu zatenga malo zofunika Chinese luso wowerengeka.

mawu Oriental amasiyana wapadera, wochenjera mafanizo kuti zimawachititsa yowala ndi yokongola. Apa pali mmodzi wa iwo: "Nedochitannaya buku - sichimaperekedwa lisanathe njira." Mwambi umenewu motsindika kuti kuwerenga ntchito - moyo wonse ndi makhalidwe komanso malamulo, munthu ayenera kumvera. Ngati kuwerenga ntchitoyo anabweretsa kumapeto, ndiye zochita m'mbuyomo kutaya tanthauzo amakhalabe samveka chofunikira ndi nzeru za bukhu, owerenga sadzakhala kwathunthu kuzindikira kukongola kwake. N'chifukwa chake mwambi za mabuku ndi kuwerenga ndi sizachilendo ndipo okhudzidwa China.

Russian Mwambi za chiphunzitso

Anthu Russian, ndithudi, amaona maphunziro monga dalitso kwa anthu. Ndipo ngati gwero la chidziwitso ndi buku lakuti, mfundo "kuphunzira" ndi "kuwerenga" mu folklore dziko akhala n'chimodzimodzi. N'chifukwa chake mwambi za chikondi kwa buku zambiri zopezeka mawu ena zosiyanasiyana - mu mawu a phunziro, "Red Mbalame perem ndipo anaphunzira munthu" - chifukwa n'zosatheka kudzimvera maphunziro popanda buku labwino.

Chinese Mwambi pophunzira

anamatetule kum'mawa zikutsindika kufunika zosaneneka kuliwerenga chidziwitso cha ena yekha, kusintha dziko mumtima mwake. Choncho, China ndi mawu pa ziphunzitso ndi buku - wotchuka kwambiri mtundu wa mawu amenewa anzeru zambiri.

"Iwe sindiwe woyenera mofulumira kuphunzitsa - kodi mungathe kuphonya kuti" - ndicho chitsanzo cha mawu, omwe ankalimbikitsa oyambirira kudziletsa maphunziro, ndilo wothandizira bwino - kothandiza ndi chidwi m'buku.