Mkhristu luso: zithunzi ndi Zithunzi. Udindo wa Chikhristu zaluso

art Mkhristu wachita mbali yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti penipeni waukulu zithunzi zambiri zinalembedwa, komanso Zithunzi pa sanacokele ku zipembedzo zonama. Mbiri ya Chikristu zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri, pa nthawi yomweyo ndi chimodzi mwa zipembedzo dziko atatu. Iwo kunathandiza yaikulu padziko munthu, kwa nthawi zonse kumanga ambirimbiri a mipingo ndi akachisi padziko lonse. Yokongola awo ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi zambiri, kotero inu mukhoza bwinobwino kuti chipembedzo ndi luso kwambiri zapiringizana.

Western Art

Ndipotu, kufalikira kwa Chikhristu zinachitika m'mikhalidwe yosiyana mu East ndi West, kotero mu luso panali kusiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Chikhristu ndi pa luso zithunzi ndi Zithunzi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya anali bwinobwino, aluso kumeneko ankakonda kupereka zolengedwa awo digiri pazipita kulondola.

Amenewa anachititsa kuti chakuti mtundu atsopano a luso - Art Nova. Iwo amakhala ndi chakuti chizindikirochi kenako kukhala chithunzi zonse, koma ndi sanacokele ku zipembedzo zonama, chifukwa amisiri analankhula za nkhani za Uthenga Wabwino, kuyesera molondola kusonyeza zonse, ngakhale mbali zochepetsetsa.

Art Nova ndi Jan van Eyck

Zojambula mtima luso latsopano Europe East, kumene kulemba mafano ndi Zithunzi wakhala mwachilengedwe ndiponso achipembedzo lachinsinsi apamtima. Umu ndi mmene zinalili mu Netherlands m'zaka 15. The zojambulajambula woyamba amene akufuna kusonyeza chithunzi izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi chipembedzo, anali Jan van Eyck - walenga chithunzi cha Arnolfini.

Ndipotu, anali yojambula pa nthawiyo, chifukwa anthu anayamba tikuonera chilengedwe tsiku ndi tsiku popanda apamaliro iliyonse yachipembedzo. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo kulekana mfundo monga chipembedzo ndi luso, sikutheka. Komabe, mukaona kuti zilembo mukuwona pa cithunzithunzi, n'zotheka kusunga Kukhalapo kwa Mzimu Woyera mu chiri chonse cha m'mudzimo. Mwachitsanzo, pa tsiku la chandelier makandulo chimawalitsika, imodzi yokha - ndi chizindikiro cha lachinsinsi, kukhalapo kwachinsinsi ake mu Arnolfini angolowa kumene m'banja chipinda.

Ophiphiritsa mu zithunzi ndi Zithunzi

Udindo wa Chikhristu paluso sangathe saganizira, kwenikweni wapanga chikhalidwe chonse cha zaka zapitazi ndipo mukopedwe ndi worldview a munthu wamba. Mu nkhani iyi, zithunzi analilemba ndi Zithunzi penapake achilendo, ndipo kuti tidziwe zonse sizikanatheka kukanakhala ngati osati maganizo kuwerenga kwa maganizo ndi makhalidwe a chikhalidwe.

Yophiphiritsira multilayered ndipo zimavuta kuona, chifukwa kwenikweni cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti omvera asawadziwe mwachangu. Iconography - Christian luso - kwathunthu impregnated ndi zizindikiro, zimene ndi zovuta kumvetsa, iwo ayenera kudziwa pa mlingo ndi mwachilengedwe.

chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti zizindikiro

Ndipotu, ngati tikambirana chinthu mwachizolowezi, chizindikiro yokha adzakhala "kuyang'ana" pa ife. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kuganizira onse zizindikiro Mkhristu, komanso malamulo, amene analamulira mu luso la Zapakati. Iwo anapempha kuti maganizo a munthu ndi chikumbumtima chake, osati kuganiza. Popeza khalidwe chizindikiro chimodzi angakhale ochepa, ndiye, kuganizira chizindikirochi ayenera anasankha ndi amene sizingasutsane ndi kalembedwe ndi mzimu wa nyengo iyi, ndi ndondomeko, komanso nthawi.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikukamba za manambala, ndi nambala 7 chizindikiro cha ungwiro ndi kukwaniritsa kanthu. Ndipotu, pali zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri, machimo wakupha asanu ndi awiri, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata kapena makhalidwe zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Tanthauzo la mitundu mu zithunzi ndi Zithunzi

Ngati ife kulankhula za mitundu kuti ntchito analemba mafano, mtundu buluu ndi chizindikiro ukulu wauzimu, osakhoza chinsinsi cha vumbulutso la kuya. Golden mtundu nthawizonse zinaimira ulemerero wa ulemerero Mulungu womwe unali mbadwa pa oyera onse. N'chifukwa chake mtundu golide ali maziko a chizindikirochi, kuwala anali za Yesu, zounikira onse omuzungulira, kuwala kwa oyera kapena zovala chomwecho kuchokera kwa Namwali Mariya ndi Yesu. Malinga ndi kunena kwa amisiri, njira yopambana kwambiri ya chiyero imasonyeza kuti iwo a dziko mfundo za cathu ndi wosatha.

Chikhristu anapatsa mtundu wachikasu ndi ena ophiphiritsa tanthauzo - uli mphamvu wapamwamba wa angelo. Akatswiri ena ali a maganizo chabe m'malo golide.

Ngakhale tsopano, ife tiri a maganizo kuyera zimaimira ungwiro ndi wosachimwa. Izi otchedwa nawo dziko Mulungu apamwamba, kotero nguwo za Yesu, ndipo onse olungama chizindikiro mwamtheradi kapena ngati zithunzi zosonyeza woyera. Chitsanzo koposa pankhaniyi nyimbo "chiweruzo chotsiriza."

Wosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu woyera ndi wakuda, kotero kufunika kwake ndi zosiyana - ndi mtunda pazipita kwa Ambuye, okhudzidwa mu hade, kapena wakuda amaimira chisoni, chisoni ndi chisoni.

ojambula zithunzi Blue anayesa kusonyeza chiyero ndi chilungamo, choncho amatchedwa mtundu wa Virgin.

Red nthawi ankafotokozedwa munthu amene ali ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu zochuluka. Red ndi mtundu wa mfumu, kotero lidalembedwa ngati chofunda Arhangela Mihaila, amene ankaona mtsogoleri wa gulu la Kumwamba, komanso St. George, amene anali wopambana wa njoka. Koma khalidwe amenewa anali tanthauzo kuposa wina, kotero zingatanthauze ngakhale kufera kapena yotetezera magazi.

Amapezeka utoto wobiriwira chizindikiro, chifukwa lero chizindikiro cha moyo wosatha, pachimake wosatha. Mwa zina, iye amataya mtundu wa Mzimu Woyera.

Manja mu zithunzi

amisiri onse lolunjika pa atchulidwa ya manja awo zithunzi ndi Zithunzi. art Mkhristu - kukambirana nkhaniyi anatenga Akatswiri ambiri nthawi, bwanji osati mitundu ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso manja, tanthauzo mwauzimu ndiponso wopatulika.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati dzanja ndi mbamuikha m'chifuwa wake, ndiye kuti zonse anatanthauza musonyeze. Ngati anakweza, zinali kuitana chete kapena foni ku kulapa. Ngati dzanja akufotokozedwa wotambasuka, ndi kanjedza lotseguka, ndiye mtundu uwu kumvera ndi kugonjera. Ngati mikono anatambasula kutsogolo ndipo amanyamula pang'ono, izo zikanakhoza kukhala kupembezera dziko, thandizo, kapena chosonyeza pempho.

Ngati manja onse anakakamizidwa masaya ake, ndiye izo zimatanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi chisoni ndi chisoni. kuchita zimenezi ndi ambiri, koma, ndithudi, pali ena ambiri, amene amanena kuti nthawi zina kovuta akatswiri ngakhale odziwa.

Chikhristu zaluso ali tcheru kwambiri ngakhale kuti zinthu zimene otchulidwa manja a mafano a m'nkhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, mtumwi Paulo zambiri amasonyezedwa ndi Uthenga mu dzanja. Kuli NTHAWI zambiri ndi lupanga mu dzanja lake, lomwe limaimira Mawu a Mulungu. Petulo, yodziwika ndi chakuti iye anali ankafotokozedwa ndi makiyi m'manja mwa ufumu wa Mulungu. Zomera - zizindikiro za Chikhristu zaluso - ndi zofala, kotero ofera amasonyezedwa ndi nthambi ya kanjedza, chifukwa chizindikiro cha a Ufumu wa Kumwamba. Mneneri kawirikawiri anali mu manja mipukutu ndi maulosi awo.

Language chizindikirochi

Art ku mawonedwe a Chikhristu ndi "kupitiriza" Uthenga Wabwino. manja onse, zinthu ndi mitundu kuti awonekere chizindikirochi, ogwirizana mu uthunthu yosatheka kuneneka mphamvu izo limatulutsa. Mtundu uwu wa zithunzi chinenero, omwe afikiridwa ndi ambuye a m'mbuyomu, kuyesera kuti tione mu kuya kwa moyo wa munthu ndi kuganizira tanthauzo chinsisi cha moyo wachikhristu. Kuyambira kale izo ankakhulupirira kuti maso - kalilole wa moyo, kuti ojambula zithunzi zikukangalika ntchito.

Kuposa izo ziyenera kukhala kuti khalidwe lawo kwambiri limaonetseratu ali makamaka kupotoza anapangira nkhope, kupanga diso kwambiri. Malinga kwa iwo, monga idzafotokoza m'maso, omvera amaona kuti ali kwambiri chimene moyo.

Kusintha chifaniziro nkhope ya oyera

Kale m'zaka za m'ma 15, mu nthawi Rublevskie, mchitidwe umenewu unatha. Koma, ngakhale kuti maso Zithunzizi ojambula zithunzi si choncho lalikulu ndi languid, iwo analipira kwambiri ndithu nthawi ndi chisamaliro. Komanso, pakhala zaluso angapo. Mwachitsanzo, Feofan Grek akuonetsedwa oyera mafano awo ndi zokhazikapo kanthu diso, kapena kungoti ndi maso anga kutsekedwa. Mu njira iyi, iye anayesa kusonyeza kuti maso a oyera wakhala lolunjika osati umunthu wa m'dziko, koma kuti kuganizira za dziko lapamwamba, pemphero lamkati, ankaoneka kuzindikira choonadi cha Mulungu.

The zithunzi za oyera mtima pa zithunzi ndi Zithunzi

Aliyense akuyang'ana pa chizindikirochi, anati mwa yekha kuti oyera anayang'ana ndi ena kuwala kwambiri, ngati iwo akuyandama mu mlengalenga. A kuchita chimodzimodzi anali zimatheka ndi amisiri chifukwa iwo ankaimira chithunzi woyera zochepa wandiweyani kuposa ena onse adakokera nemnogosloyno awo, ndi mwapadera lengthened ndipo anatambasula.

A njira yofanana kulenga mwa wowerenga ndi kuganiza za lightness komanso kusowa physicality matupi a oyera, kugonjetsa bulkiness awo. Momwe munakonzera, zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti iwo ankawoneka kuti fungatirani pamwamba pansi, ndi monga ayenera kukhala mawu mwachindunji ya boma losandulizika, komanso mwauzimu.

Maziko a chizindikirochi ndi tanthauzo lake

Ngakhale kuti mbali yaikulu ya chithunzi yakhala munthu, ndipo ndi chikhalidwe zofunika izo zikusonyeza kumbuyo kwake. Monga ulamuliro, aluso ndi anayesa ena tanthauzo lake, potero kulimbikitsa anthu okonda zojambulajambula kuti amalingalira yaitali chinsinsi, iwo ankafuna kuti auze.

Mapiri kaŵirikaŵiri akuonetsedwa zipinda mitengo yosiyanasiyana, amene pamodzi kupanga zikuchokera malo kwabasi. Ngati mukuyamba tanthauzo la zonsezi, mapiri amaimira zovuta ndi yaminga njira ya munthu kwa Ambuye Mulungu. Ndipotu, mafano munthu mitengo anapereka kufunika sekondale. Koma, koma, mtengo wathundu, umene nthawi zambiri akuonetsedwa, wakhala chizindikiro cha moyo wosatha. Vine ndi mbale pa maziko ankatengedwa zizindikiro za nsembe ya Yesu Khristu, koma nkhunda - chizindikiro cha Mzimu Woyera.

Mapangidwe ikuimira Christianity

Okhulupirira ambiri amanena kuti sakramenti la Chikhristu zinalengedwa pa chipwirikiti onse yambiri ya chikunja. N'chifukwa chake luso Mkhristu walephera kupeza mawonekedwe aliyense yunifolomu. Zili ngati zinalengedwa ku yambiri ting'onoting'ono. Ena otchulidwa anatengedwa kuchoka ku chikhulupiriro china chachikunja cha Chisilamu Art. Kotero tsopano katswiri akale akhoza wachinsinsi osati mwa magawo monga kummawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, komanso ena ambiri. Zojambulidwa bwino za nthawi m'njira iliyonse sasiya cholowa cha Kale, pang'onopang'ono yosintha mu zatsopano. Magwero zamulungu mwambo wa zithunzi zopatulika muyaya yosayenera mu mbiri, mu mdima dokonstantinovoy nyengo. Pakati prototypes imene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mwambo uwu, wotchedwa chifaniziro cha Khristu pa cophimba kapena Mandylion pa amene anasowa thumba la Constantinople mu Akhristu wake. N'kofunika ndi njira chifanizo cha Lady athu, amene analembedwa ndi Luka Woyera. The kudalirika kwa mafano awa ndi funso chachikulu, koma, ngakhalebe iwo ali bwino ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Yesu ndi Virgin Mary Zithunzizi m'njira monga mmene limafotokonzera mu zolemba ambiri a ofera a zaka zapitazo - mu Chikhristu ili ndi odana ndi Chikhristu zaluso ofanana.