Njinga yamoto "Kutuluka dzuwa": makhalidwe, chithunzi, mtengo

Soviet njinga msewu "Kutuluka dzuwa" analengedwa pa mbewu Degtyarev, makampani akuluakulu a mtengo kumbuyo, ankakhala mu mzinda Russian wa Kovrov. Kupanga kuwala makina awiri mawiro unakhazikitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a katundu ogula mu 1957. Njinga yamoto "Kutuluka dzuwa" anali wolemekezeka ndi mamangidwe mophweka ndi opareshoni odalirika. Kukonza komanso yotchipa. M'masiku amenewo ndi maganizo galimoto kulibe kutchuka, njinga yamoto anali amanenera mlingo wa durability ndi chifukwa cha chodya. Low mlingo wa chitonthozo pamene galimoto pa makina awiri mawiro sichikunditsutsa aliyense. Kugwedeza ngakhale pa msewu chabwino, kugwedera kwa mfundo zonse nthawi yomweyo kuti umenewu ndi khalidwe chibadidwe cha njinga yamoto lapansi.

kuloŵedwa

The zinachitika wa "Dawn" anali German njinga yamoto mtundu RT 125, chopangidwa ndi DKW. Poyamba, Baibulo Soviet ankatchedwa "Kovrovets" ndipo patapita zaka zingapo galimoto walandira dzina "Kutuluka dzuwa". Njinga yamoto, zithunzi zimene zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala, nthawi yomweyo anakhala otchuka ndi anthu onse, ndi kupanga ake anaikidwa pa mtsinje. Kusintha dzina ndi chifukwa kutchuka kukula kwa galimoto ndi kufunika kwake m'dziko la USSR. The njinga yatsopano, "Kutuluka dzuwa," makhalidwe a amene sinasinthe kwambiri m'kupita, ankaona yodalirika, "otchuka" chitsanzo. The mtengo wotsika mogwirizana ndi zopanda izi. Chiyambi cha kamangidwe sichinalengezedwe, ogula Soviet sankakayikira kuti kugula njinga yamoto zoweta, odalirika ndi cholimba.

mankhwala mfundo

NKHANI njinga yamoto:

• injini - awiri sitiroko kuti mwala umodzi;
• yamphamvu buku - 173,7 kiyubiki mamita. masentimita;
• awiri - 61,72 mamilimita;
• Chilonda - 58 mamilimita;
• mphamvu - malita 10. p.;
• Kufala - anamanga-, zinayi ndalezo-kusinthitsa liwiro;
• kumbuyo galimoto mawilo - unyolo;
• Kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa - pendulum;
• Front kuyimitsidwa - Telescopic;
• mabuleki - ng'oma;
• liwiro - 90 Km / h;
• mafuta - otsika-octeni mafuta A72;
• kulemera - 110 makilogalamu.

zosintha

Njinga yamoto "Kutuluka dzuwa" wachita kale popanda patsogolo chilichonse, specifications zambiri mu mzere ndi zofuna za makasitomala. Komabe, panali madandaulo, ena makasitomala ponena kuti galimoto phokoso kwambiri ndi wosakhazikika pa msewu. Ngakhale ndemanga izi zinali khalidwe limodzi, iwo zotsatira.

Mu 1972, kapangidwe amasinthira wa zomera Kovrov anayamba wamakono chitsanzo "otchuka". Njinga yamoto "Kutuluka dzuwa" anadzatchedwa ndi "Voskhod-2", ndipo zaka zisanu pambuyo adagulung'undisa kuchokera "Voskhod-2M", umene chopangidwa kuchokera 1977 mpaka 1979. kusintha kwakukulu mu makina kapangidwe kwakhudza makamaka galimoto. Pamene yamphamvu buku la 173,7 Cu. masentimita mphamvu ziwonjezeke kwa 14 "ndiyamphamvu" chifukwa modernized mutu yamphamvu ndi passageways yaitali kasinthidwe. The psinjika chiŵerengero anali 9,2 mayunitsi. Liwiro kuchuluka kwa 105 Km / h. The injini yatsopano inkafuna mafuta apamwamba octeni, ndi pasipoti ya makina m'malo mafuta A72 zinaperekedwa A93.

Mu 1979, ndi njinga yamoto "Voskhod-2M" anadzatchedwa. Iye anali kudziŵika kuti "Kutuluka dzuwa-3." Lachitsanzo zinalengedwa mpaka 1983, kenako latsopano, kusinthidwa lomaliza. Zinali njinga yamoto "Voskhod-3M" imene anamaliza osiyanasiyana kuwala awiri mawiro makina Kovrov mbewu. Kazembe womaliza wa banja yabwino chimaonedwabe bwino m'kalasi ake.

The njinga latsopano "Voskhod-3M"

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1983 mpaka 1993 pa mbewu Kovrov ambabala atsopano 3M chitsanzo. Poyerekeza ndi zofunika pa njinga yamoto latsopano anati m'njira zambiri, monga kuchuluka m'dera finned yozizira yamphamvu, ntchito ya carburetor Czechoslovakia kupanga 12 Volt magetsi m'malo 6-Volt, katundu wamakono Unit (speedometer anali pamodzi ndi zizindikiro ulamuliro nyali malangizo ndi kusintha mtanda pa pakati). Kuweta magetsi mawaya kugwirizana zobisika pansi pa mpando mu muli wapadera pulasitiki. Njinga yamoto okonzeka ndi jenereta mokwanira amphamvu kuti kumatha kufunika batire.

Foloko kutsogolo analandira corrugated chimakwirira choteteza mapazi zonyamula yamba abutment zitsulo kulumikizidwa pa zigwiriro anaonekera mbali lakumbuyo kalirole. Ndipo ngati Inandithandiza wa wamakono njinga yamoto ogwira loko odana ndi kuba wakhala anaika. Chifukwa cha patsogolo zonse cholinga chachikulu anali akwaniritsa - kuchepetsa phokoso injini ndi galimotoyo. Pryamopotochny silencer m'malo ndi yachigawo, ndi bulkheads mkati. Yomanga kutsogolo mphanda ndi kumbuyo kuyimitsidwa pendulum kuwunikira, motero kuchotsa mfundo zonse zimene zingatisocheretse kukagogoda pa gulu. Chifukwa cha miyeso njinga yamoto phokoso icho chakhala chimaonekadi utachepa.

Kusinthidwa kwa ntchito zokopa alendo

M'kupita kwa nthawi, lingaliro kuti akonze makina awiri mawiro kwa mafani wa makilomita ambiri kuyenda. Pamaziko a 3M chitsanzo njinga yamoto chitukuko zachitika ulendo wautali, ikutchedwa ndi "Voskhod-3M-alendo". Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa galimoto latsopano anali mkulu gudumu mlatho, amene amathandiza dalaivala pamalo pabwino. Njinga yamoto okonzeka ndi arches chitetezo ndi thunthu kumbuyo kwa zigawo mbali, amene adam'yang'anitsa thumba zinthu, chakudya zipangizo.

Galimoto mtundu "Kutuluka dzuwa"

Pakuti m'mudzimo ankagwiritsidwanso anayamba galimoto wapadera ndi thupi mayendedwe a ulimi ndi zomangira. Komabe, kuŵeta galimoto sanapite. Popeza kulanda njinga yamoto gearbox sakugwirizana magawo liwiro la ophimba pa katundu m'misewu akumidzi. Ndinafunika kuyenda mu zida woyamba, ndipo izi amatipeza inathera ndi kutenthedwa a galimoto, komanso ngati overruns mafuta. Njinga yamoto injini "Kutuluka dzuwa" sanali ndinazolowera mode uyu ntchito. Makokedwe ndi kufala mphamvu anali atakwatirana. Kuyesa kusintha gearbox ndipo analibe bwino, ndi katundu "Kutuluka dzuwa" - njinga yamoto, chithunzi chimene zili pa tsamba pasanapite nthawi anatengedwa kuchokera kwa kupanga.

"Kadzidzi"

Mu 1989, chitsanzo kupanga wakhazikitsidwa, zida ndi injini atsopano kotheratu, ndi yamphamvu zosiyana zisanu njira ankatenthetsa ndi doko limodzi kubwereketsa. Inlet mafuta osakaniza anakhazikitsa kukupiza valavu, amene kwambiri yafupika mafuta. Njinga mphamvu chawonjezeka ndi malita 15. a. pa 5500 rpm. Lachitsanzo latsopano limene analandira index "Voskhod-3M-01" amatchedwa "Kadzidzi".

mtengo

Pa njinga yamoto msika wa nthawi Union, panali ochepa zitsanzo zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo, koma galimoto yotsika mtengo ankaona "Kutuluka dzuwa". Njinga yamoto, amene mtengo tsopano zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa 6.5 ndi 30 zikwi rubles, akhoza kukhala mtengo, ngati chitsanzo tikambirana m'chipani. Tikawonetsetsa makina wosweka, pa kuchita zoipa anagulitsa pa mtengo knockdown. Mu Russia, pali okhometsa, mu garaja imene pafupi anaunjikika pamodzi "Honda" kapena "Mitsubishi" ukuyenereradi "Kovrovets" kapena "Kutuluka dzuwa" mlingo m'chipani mu moto wa nthawi Union ndi apamwamba kuposa oimira Japanese. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, mtengo wa makina mu mawu a ndalama zilibe kanthu, chifukwa kumeneko amachita lonse chosiyana ya makhalidwe abwino.