Moto machenjerero: kudziwa njira ndi mbali

M'nkhaniyi, ife adzatsogolera funso la sayansi, kuphunzira okha moto, magwero awo patsogolo ndi njira, dongosolo la firefighting. Mutu wa chilango chimenechi - moto machenjerero. Tiyeni akukhala pa iye mawu, zolinga, njira, ma aligorivimu, taganizirani chilinganizo zofunika la maphunzirowa.

tanthauzo la chilango

Moto machenjerero - ndi sayansi kuti amaphunzira kufala kwa moto komanso njira kuthana nawo, kupulumutsa anthu. Phunziro poganizira pano ndi awiri - Maphunzilo brigade kuzimitsa moto ndi Kuthetsa mwachindunji.

The malangizo waukulu kafukufuku mkati chilango - chizindikiritso cha dongosolo zina kukonzekera ogwira kuzimitsa, ndondomeko ya moto kumenyana ndi opulumutsa akuvutika. Choncho, cholinga cha moto njira kukhazikitsa njira kudya ndi kothandiza moto wozimitsa.

chilango lakonzedwa kuti apite kwa sayansi ndi methodological mlingo moto brigade kanthu kwa kupulumutsidwa ndi moto nkhondo.

Zolinga zikuluzikulu za chilango

Moto wozimitsa moto machenjerero akuthamangitsa zolinga izi:

• Kuphunzira dongosolo enieni kupitilira moto.
• Familiarization ndi aligorivimu ndi amachita monga moto wozimitsa ndi wozengereza ofanana ntchito yopulumutsa.
• Development njira yopambana kwambiri ya gulu la moto brigade.
• Kuwonjezera maphunziro, onse mwatsatanetsatane ndi maganizo asilikali onse okhudzidwa - private, ndi chitsogozo.

Cholinga cha chilengedwe, njira

Cholinga cha utumiki moto ndi ena monga ilo, ndi chitukuko cha maziko a machenjerero moto ndi chitetezo moto wa ku Russia. Yotsirizira ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu kupewa moto ndi kumenyana nawo, ndipo chigawo chake chachiwiri - kukonzekera kuchitapo kanthu ndi zoona, kuika moto. Moto machenjerero cholinga kudziwa mmene zamoyo zina yaikulu ya maphunziro ndi kuphunzitsa firefighters mtsogolo ndi zonse zimene brigade ndi mwachindunji mu "nkhondo".

Ndi njira zopewera moto bwino mu chakudya cha GOST 12.1.004-91. Njira yochitira ndi moto, ife tisanthule mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu. Choyamba tidziwe bwino ndi Kunena mwachidule, amene umagwira ntchito buku lililonse pa machenjerero moto.

Kuweta terminology chilango

Moto ndi kuyaka aliyense kusalankhula, lonse limene imafika ku kuba katundu liyambe miyoyo ya anthu. Amakhala ndi magawo ake anayi chachikulu:

• kuyaka mwamphamvu;
• kafalitsidwe m'dera;
• mathamangidwe wa kafalitsidwe wa moto;
• moto.

Kukuchitika wa moto ndi malo kuyaka kwambiri kwambiri. Iwo amakhala ndi mosalekeza:

• zamoyo wa kutentha, okwanira kuthandiza kuyaka;
• mafuta okwanira / mafuta;
• Air kapena zina oxidant otaya.

Kutanthauzira wa moto - ndi njira kuthana nazo, Kuchepetsa m'dera moto. Kuthetsa - ndi kuwonongedwa kwa moto, chomaliza amene adzakhala kusakhalaponso wathunthu wa moto.

Ikani kenako kuthetsa machenjerero a moto chitetezo gwero la kutenthako kungakhale njira ziwiri - yozizira nkhani moto ndi kutentha pa zomwe poyatsira awo kumakhala kovuta kapena kugawa zotakasika zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, kugwiritsira ntchito yapadera wozimitsa, amene anawagawa mitundu itatu:

• yozizira - madzi kapena zosiyanasiyana amadzimadzi njira;
• diluting chikhazikitso motani wina ndi mzake - ndi atomized m'malovu madzi kapena madzi nthunzi, mipweya inert;
• kusakonda ku malo kuyaka - Kuthetsa wapadera ufa, foams - mankhwala ndi mpweya makina, sheetings, ufa sanali kuyaka ndi zina zotero.

Machenjerero a m'madipatimenti moto

Kusunga aligorivimu zotsatirazi:

1. Phwando, processing lipoti zinachitika.
2. Onani brigade ndi kukanirira ake kumalo a moto.
3. Kufufuza zochitika.
4. Zovuta ntchito umalimbana wozimitsa moto.
5. Atumiza kufunika kwa anthu oti ndi zinthu zina.
6. Kupha wathunthu wa moto.
7. Zofunika wapadera ntchito.
8. Collection oyeretsa, zipangizo, kubwerera ku malo kutumizgika asilikali a.

Tsopano timudziwe bwino mwatsatanetsatane ndi machenjerero, njira ndi moto nzeru chikhalidwe.

moto nzeru

Moto nzeru angapo a amafuna atakhala - Timeliness, kudalilika, ntchito, purposefulness ndi kupitiriza. Pa gulu lake ayenera kuchita zinthu zovuta pa potsata bwino wozimitsa moto:

• Kupeza anthu, kuti aone zimene zingasokoneze moyo wawo ndi thanzi, komanso kudziwa zolondola bwanji njira ya chipulumutso.
• Kudziwa kuti n'zotheka mawonetseredwe a sekondale zinthu woopsawo moto.
• Kuona malo a moto lonse, moto zipangizo, liwiro ndi lawi njira kufala.
• Pezani n'kotheka maofesi ndi makhazikitsidwe a moto chitetezo m'gawo la chinthu akhudzidwa.
• Pezani magetsi, pansi voteji, kuona kuthekera ndi njira ya disconnection awo kwa magetsi.
• Phunziro kusanthula mwachidule za boma la nyumba ya, mphamvu zawo ndi durability; kuzindikira malo zotheka wa disassembly awo kapena kutsegula.
• Kudziwa ngati magulu brigade anafika mwachilungamo komanso zatsopano kutanthauzira ndi liquidation wa moto, ngati kuitana ukusowa reinforcements.
• Kusankha njira zikuluzikulu ndi zochita zotumphukira wa njira.

Books pa machenjerero moto "Exploration" zina mukhale cholinga cha ophunzira pa nkhani monga:

• Kupenda wautsi malo;
• autopsy yomanga ndi zomangamanga zina atagona maulendo achoke;
• miyeso zovuta chitetezo pa pofufuza.

wozimitsa moto machenjerero

Ndi kutanthauzira za moto waukulu mphamvu umalimbana kupanga UT - m'madera wozimitsa. Iwo agawidwa malinga ndi magwiridwe awo:

• kuzimitsa;
• chitetezo
• kupulumutsa akuvutika, etc.

Bwinobwino kumaliza ntchito asanafike ku malo a chochitika asilikali, muyenera kusankha bwino vekitala mosanyengerera. Mfundo kudziŵa zotsatirazi:

• Ngati pali choopsa pa moyo kapena thanzi la woberedwa, ndiye cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito adzakhala chipulumutso chawo.
• Ngati kupitirira a moto zikhoza inaphulika kapena kugwa, mphamvu ya moto brigade ndi cholinga kuletsa vutoli.
• Ngati pali chiopsezo cha moto kafalitsidwe mu nyumba ya kutali ndi maofesi osafikiridwa iwo, ntchito yoyamba ya malonda moto ayenera kupewa izi ndi akhoza kukupatsani anavulala munthu osachepera kuwononga zinthu.
• Ngati palibe kuopseza kufala kwa moto nyumba zina, moto brigade chitaya mphamvu yaikulu pa kutanthauzira a moto kwambiri kwambiri.
• Ngati ataphimbidwa ndi nyumba moto si mtengo, koma pali kuthekera kuti lawi zidzakhala zofalikira nyumba pafupi ndi nyumba, kaboma makamaka amachita pa moto chitetezo cha mtsogolo.

Mu kuphunzira ndi chiphunzitso cha kumenyana moto ayenera kudziwa zotsatirazi:

• kudyetsa njira, ntchito ndi wothandizila osiyana wozimitsa;
• kudyetsa njira m'madera osiyanasiyana - kosungira moto pamwamba, voids a alipo, etc., makungwa kudyetsa thovu ;.
• njira za kugona mizere payipi;
• mbali ndi malamulo chitetezo ntchito mu malo utsi wambiri.

Kuweta machenjerero chilinganizo moto

Dera la moto kafalitsidwe mitunduyi kuneneratu ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:

V _L - kufunika liniya mathamangidwe wa kafalitsidwe wa kuyaka;

_tsa T - nthawi ya moto;

T _loko - nthawi moto kutanthauzira;

L _N - njira yokonzedwa ndi moto.

Mu njira akuimira tebulo kumasulira njira M'dzikoli mumapezeka moto pa chitukuko moto.

Kudziwa njira yokonzedwa ndi moto kudzera mipata zilipo chitseko, - L _{nkhanza za m'banja / N} makhalidwe ntchito:

L _N - njira moto:

L _{Ave / nkhanza za m'banja} - ziyerekezo imeneyi kuchokera pakati pa khomo pamene panayambira la poyatsira kwa ofukula;

L _Lane - mtunda kuchokera pamene panayambira ya moto pakhoma limene limasintha mawonekedwe a m'dera lonse moto.

Ngati khomo ndi m'dera moto, pamene yotsirizira lisinthike ngodya ya amakona anayi, amagwiritsa njira: L _{nkhanza za m'banja / N} = L _N - L _{Ave / nkhanza za m'banja.}

Ngati m'mikhalidwe chimodzimodzi khomo ndi mu increments m'deralo moto, mawerengedwe zofunika: L _{nkhanza za m'banja / N} = L _N - L _Lane.

Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa wothandizila wozimitsa moto

Kuti awerengere nambala chofunika ndalama kuzimitsa mfundo zotsatirazi ntchito:

_Mp Q - chiwerengero cha nkhani anakhumba;

Q _{TR / T} - kuchuluka kwa mankhwala wofunikila Kuthetsa;

Q _{TR / s} - kuchuluka kwa mankhwala chofunika chitetezo;

S _tsa - Area a moto;

S _T - m'dera lakhala;

Ine _TR - kudyetsa chinthu chofunika kwambiri.

N _{T / PTS} - chiwerengero cha zipangizo othetsa;

N _{z / PTS} - chiwerengero cha migodi kuteteza;

Q _stv - kumwa zinthu pa thunthu limodzi.

Mabuku akhoza kukumana ntchito machenjerero moto zochita mogwirizana ndi mitunduyi ndi:

• Q = Q _{TR TR / T} + Q _{TR / s;}
• Q _{TR / T N} = S × Ine _RP;
• Q _{TR / T} = S _T × Ine _RP;
• Q _{TR / z} = S _N × Ine _{C / Tp;}
• N _{T / TR stv} = Q _{/ T} / Q _PTS;
• N _{z / PTS} = Q _{TR / s} / Q _PTS.

Takambiranazi chilango si maphunziro kokha, komanso pafupifupi ntchito mu ntchito ya brigades moto. Wopambana cholowa moto njira amathandiza mwamsanga agwire kufufuza zochitika ndi kumanga ndondomeko yolondola ya zochita, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu amene ndi kuwononga zinthu.