Moyo ndi ntchito ya Lyudviga Van Beethoven. Beethoven

Ludwig galimoto Beethoven anabadwa mu nthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu, zofunika kwambiri umene unali French kuukira boma. N'chifukwa chake mutu wa kulimbana amunamuna anakhala zikuluzikulu Wolemba lapansi. kumenyera ufulu zolinga Republican, kufuna kusintha, m'tsogolo - maganizo amenewa anakhala ndi moyo Beethoven.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Anabadwa Ludwig galimoto Beethoven mu 1770 ku Bonn (Austria), komwe anakhala ubwana wake. Maphunziro a wolemba tsogolo ali gawo m'malo mwa aphunzitsi, ndi anzawo a bambo ake anamuphunzitsa kuimba zida zosiyanasiyana zoimbira.

Pozindikira kuti mwana wake ali ndi luso loimba, bambo ake akufuna kuonana lachiwiri Mozart Beethoven, anayamba kukakamiza mnyamata yaitali ndi yovuta. Koma ziyembekezero anaphulikaphulika, Ludwig si zikusonyeza ndi prodigy mwana, komatu mudandilandira luso compositional. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi ntchito yake yoyamba inafalitsidwa mu zaka 12: "Kusiyana limba pa Marsha Dresslera."

Beethoven pa zaka 11 anayamba kugwira ntchito pa bwalo la zamasewero oketsra, osati mathero sukulu. Mpaka mapeto a moyo wake analemba ndi zolakwa. Komabe, wolemba kuwerenga kwambiri ndipo popanda thandizo anaphunzira French, Italy ndi Latin.

M'nyengo yoyambirira ya moyo Beethoven sanakhale ndi asonyeza kwa zaka khumi (1782-1792) linalembedwa yekha za makumi asanu ntchito.

Viennese nthawi

Pozindikira kuti m'pofunika kukhala kwambiri kuphunzira, Beethoven anasamukira ku Vienna. Apa amapezeka maphunziro mu kapangidwe amachita monga limba ndi. Iye ankalimbikitsa nyimbo okonda Komabe, ambiri wolemba amasunga yekha kwa iwo wosayamikira machitidwe ndi monyadira, zikuchepa poyankha madandaulo.

ntchito Beethoven a nthawi imeneyi yodziwika ndi sikelo yawo, pali nthetemya awiri, "Khristu pa phiri la Azitona" - wotchuka wonena yekha. Koma nthawi yomweyo izo zimapangitsa pakokha kudziwika matenda - ugonthi. Beethoven amazindikira kuti ndi wosachiritsika ndi patsogolo mofulumira. Kupanda chiyembekezo ndi chiwonongeko Wolemba delves mu kulenga.

nthawi chapakati

Nthawiyi Ming'oma zaka 1802-1012 ndi wofanana ndi wotukuka wa talente Beethoven a. Kukhala kuthetsa mavuto ndi matenda, anaona kufanana vuto lawo ndi kulimbana wa boma ku France. ntchito Beethoven a nacho chithunzithunzi cha kulimbikira ndi wokhazikika mzimu. Iwo makamaka kuonekera mu "mumapezekanso anthu oyera mtima Symphony" (Symphony № 3), sewero la "Fidelio", "Appassionata" (Sonata № 23).

kusintha

Nthawiyi akuthamanga kuchokera 1812 mpaka 1815. Pa nthawi iyi mu Europe pali kusintha kwambiri pambuyo pa mapeto a ulamuliro wa Napoleon kupita ku Congress wa Vienna. khalidwe lake kwalimbitsa reactionary monarchical zizolowezi.

Zotsatirazi kusintha kwa ndale ndi zinthu zikusintha chikhalidwe. Literature ndi nyimbo ikuyenda kuchokera alipidwa amunamuna classicism wa Beethoven. Romanticism akuyamba analanda malo anamasulidwa. Wolemba kulandira kusintha, kupanga symphonic zongopeka "Nkhondo ya Vattorii" cantata "osangalala mphindi". zolengedwa onse ndi kupambana kwakukulu ndi anthu.

Komabe, si onse ntchito za Beethoven nthawi imeneyi ndi izi. Ndalama zimene anapereka kwa mafashoni atsopano, wolemba akuyamba kuyetsa, kufunafuna njira zatsopano ndi njira nyimbo. Ambiri a anapezazo awa akhala anazindikira mwapang'ono.

ntchito ina

Zaka zomalizira za moyo Beethoven a sankawabisira kuchepa ndale Austria ndi matenda pang'onopang'ono kwa Wolemba za - ugonthi anakhala mtheradi. Osati kukhala ndi ana, kumizidwa mu chete, Beethoven anatenga maphunziro a mphwake, koma iye anabweretsa kokha mwala.

Beethoven Patapita nthawi ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi chirichonse chimene iye analemba kale. Romanticism chichitika, ndi lingaliro la kulimbana ndi kukumana kwa kuwala ndi mdima kukhala aumunthu.

Mu 1823, kuwala limapezeka chilengedwe chachikulu (monga ankaona yekha) Beethoven - "Missa Solemnis", choyamba anachita mu St. Petersburg.

Beethoven: "ubweya Elise"

ntchito umenewu wakhala wotchuka kwambiri pa chilengedwe Beethoven a. Komabe, pa moyo wa wolemba Bagatelle nambala 40 (dzina ofunda) sanali wotchuka. pamanja The anapeza atamwalira wolemba a. Mu 1865, iwo anapezeka Ludwig Zero Beethoven kafukufuku. Iye sadamlandire m'manja mwa mkazi wina amene n'kumanena kuti mphatso. Ngakhale kulemba bagatelles sanathe udzakhazikitsidwa, monga pachibwenzi April 27 popanda kutchula chaka. Mu 1867 anafalitsa ntchito, koma woyambirira, mwatsoka, watayika.

ndi amene Elise, amene zoyenera limba kakang'ono, si kudziwika. Pali ngakhale malingaliro atapereka ndi Max Unger (1923), ntchito kuti poyamba unkatchedwa "Kuti Teresa" ndi Zero chabe zolakwika mfutizo cholembedwa Beethoven a. Tikalola Baibulo ili choonadi, ndiye sewerolo laperekedwa kwa mwana wolemba wa - Therese Malfatti. Beethoven unali mwa chikondi ndi iye ndipo akufuna naye, koma anakana.

Ngakhale ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi zodabwitsa zinalembedwa kuti limba, Beethoven anthu ambiri inextricably zogwirizana ndi kusewera ichi ndi zochititsa chidwi.