Black nthaka - ndi ... Tanthauzo, zikuchokera, katundu, ntchito ndi mitundu

Onse odziwa ndi novice cottagers amadziwika kuti nthaka wakuda - ndi nthaka kwambiri chonde. Iwo sangakhoze m'malo feteleza aliyense chifukwa analengedwa ndi chirengedwe. Chernozem angatchedwe ndi chamoyo moyo, amene Sangathe kulenga chongopeka. A zaka mazana angapo ntchito pa kusintha kwa mchere ndi organic nthaka yachonde, limene ntchito zomera chitukuko.

Lero, mwa kundipatsako kwa dziko lino wakhala kwambiri makampani. Kusankha bwino pa zosiyanasiyana bwana kuthandiza Kumvetsa nthaka imeneyi. Tiyenera kudziwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa nthaka wakuda ndi kusiyana kwake ku dothi ena.

Black nthaka - ndi nthaka?

Monga dzina zikusonyeza, dziko lino tingaone ndi mtundu wakuda. Iwo ali ndi zizindikilo za kapangidwe ndi fungo achilendo, kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha ndalama humus. mankhwala organic aumbike pa oipa a zatsalira mbewu.

chonde nthawi anafotokoza chifukwa zili humus. Chimene icho chiri, ndi bwino. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa humus wakuda nthaka akhoza kukhala osiyana. Kawirikawiri, chithunzi ichi ranges kuchokera 3-15%, amene ankaona ponseponse.

The katundu wa nthaka chernozem

1. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, nthaka wakuda ndi nthawi kwambiri kapena zochepa yakuda, yomwe ndi mbali imodzi. The akuda ilo liriri, humus kwambiri m'nthaka.

2. The makulidwe pafupifupi m'dziko la wakuda lapansi 60-140 masentimita.

3. nthaka lili zakudya sungunuka, ndithu sagwirizana chinyezi ndi kutentha.

4. chernozem Humus lili ndi chiwerengero mbiri ndi calcium kotero chonde. Komanso, zikuchokera ndi kuwapatsa mosavuta chosakanikirana ndi zomera ndi sukuwachititsa zoipa.

5. Kapangidwe ka dziko osiyana chimauma ndi mchenga. Chifukwa ili ndi kugonjetsedwa compaction, leaching, weathering ndi mapangidwe crusts. Kudzera mwa nthaka dongosolo mbewu muzu amalandira momwe akadakwanitsira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi mphepo. Komabe, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti si mokwanira lotayirira. Choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kukhala manyowa peat kapena mchenga.

Makhalidwe ndi zikuchokera pansi

• Mkulu kashiamu zili - 70%.
• A kuchuluka kwambiri zidulo humic - 15%.
• Mankhwala enaake a - 20%.
• Asafe, chitsulo, phosphorous, sulfure ndi zakudya zina zili kuchuluka zochepa.

Zonsezi amapereka kwambiri humus madzi ndi khalidwe mpweya ndi acidity ndale, osachepera - pang'ono zamchere.

mitundu ya wakuda lapansi

nthaka mtundu zimasiyanasiyana malinga mipweya, chinyezi ndipo nthaka yake ndi zinthu. Nthawi kulabadira mtundu, chifukwa ndi mbali yochititsa Kufikika kwa zakuthambo.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri amaonedwa kukhala magulu atatu. zinthu Humic pansi papezeka wakuda, mdima imvi kamvekedwe. Manganese ndi chitsulo amapereka wofiira ndi zofiirira mithunzi. Pabuka-lalanje kapena mtundu wachikasu akusonyeza pamaso pa mankhwala chitsulo m'nthaka.

Chernozem ali ndi mtundu yochitidwa pamene osambitsidwa kuti zinthu za kuwonongeka kwa mbali mchere, mchere wa m'madzi amapezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti panopa kaolin wa, gypsum, magnesium, silika ndi calcium carbonate.

zosiyanasiyana wakuda lapansi

Akatswiri anawagawa mitundu isanu ya wakuda lapansi, malingana zone nyengo.

1. leached. Kupangidwa mu zone nkhalango-steppe chifukwa cha inali kuwola zomera forb udzu.

2. wamba. Chibadidwe malo steppe, anapanga atamwalira zitsamba zosiyanasiyana.

3. ashed. Kumachitika mu nkhalango herbaceous broadleaf.

4. South. Iwo anapanga pa kuwonongeka kwa fescue-nthenga udzu zomera. Iwo Tingaone m'madera steppe m'madera kum'mwera.

5. Chitsanzo. izi mapangidwe dothi kumachitika pa loam pambuyo pa imfa ya mbewu motley-monga chimanga kukula mu nkhalango ndi madambo.

Dziwani kuti zachonde kwambiri zotsatirazi ndi mtundu wa wakuda nthaka kum'mwera. Izi ndi chifukwa magawo kwambiri humus mu matabwa ake, zimene zimathandiza kuti stably kupeza zokolola zabwino. Chifukwa cha nkhani zimenezi, nthaka kum'mwera ambiri anayamikira tchuthi ndi alimi.

Amagwiritsidwanso kusiyana ndi wakuda wosanjikiza nthaka humus.

1. otsika mphamvu ndi pafupifupi. Kuya kwa zosayembekezereka wa humus ndi 25-70 masentimita.

2. Wamphamvu. Humus atachotsedwa pamwamba pa mamita 0.7-1.2.

3. heavy-ntchito. Humus angapezeke pa akuya mamita 1.2-1.5.

Mu anthu, izi mitundu wakuda lapansi: mchenga, dongo ndipo loam, chomwe mchenga, dongo ndipo loam.

Mapangidwe ndi nthaka wakuda lapansi

Tiyenera zinthu zochepa mapangidwe lachonde. Izi makamaka wofatsa kapena zolimbitsa chokhala ndi nyengo. Dongo akhale okwanira kuchuluka kwa organic ndi tizilombo. zinthu Hydrological ayenera kukhala monga nthawi alternated wa wetting ndi desiccation. nthaka akhale pa thanthwe zina (Nthawi zambiri matabwa).

Iwo akukumana onse a muyezo amenewa wakuda nthaka ya m'dera Moscow ndi madera ena m'chigawo chapakati cha Western Siberia ndi dera Volga. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti madera ena ndiye kuti zokolola osauka. Ngati dziko m'dera osauka loamy mchenga kapena kuwala, mugule nthaka yachonde.

Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ya katundu nthaka

Pali zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti ngakhale pa dothi osauka kupeza mkulu zokolola. Pa nthawi yomweyo pamene kukula maluwa, kakwamba yokongola, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba Nkofunika kuti aswe chikhalidwe cha ulimi. Sangathe kubweretsa khalidwe nthaka ndi zambiri kuchita kanthu poganiza kuti zomera kudzisamalira.

cottagers ZIMAKHALA ndi alimi adziwe kuti atsopano wakuda nthaka sayenera feteleza mu matumba. Kupanga kukolola m'menemo zokwanira potaziyamu phosphorous, ndi asafe. Komabe, tizikumbukira kuti malo amenewa adzakhala malo okwanira kuti munthu pazipita zaka zitatu. Nthawi iliyonse kuonetsetsa ntchito zawo, zomera adzakhala tinyamuke zakudya nthaka, bola ngati zilibe alibe.

Kale m'chaka chachiwiri pambuyo yobereka nthaka wakuda Ndi bwino kuti nthaka feteleza zachilengedwe kusunga chonde mbewu. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi bwinobwino ntchito manyowa, zimene kompositi ndi phulusa. Koma patapita zaka zitatu, ndi bwino kuti adzathe alemere malo anu ndi wakuda lapansi.

Kodi kusiyanitsa nthaka wakuda ku dothi ena?

Black lapansi ali ndi zifukwa zingapo zomwe mosavuta siyanitsa ndi zina nthaka. Chinthu choyamba chimene zakusangalatsani - ndi mtundu. Ziyenera kukhala mdima, ngakhale wakuda yowala. Chachiwiri, kulabadira kukonza. Black nthaka - nthaka coarse amene apezeka wa lapansi angayambe.

Mukhozanso kuchita mayeso yaing'ono. Kunyowetsa nthaka ndi kuona mmene khalidwe. Ngakhale patapita nthawi yaitali iwo adzakhala chonyowa ndipo amafanana kugwirizana kwa dongo. Kapena, tengani mu dzanja ochepa lapansi ndi Finyani mu kanjedza wanu. Chernozem nthaka adzasiya mdima ndi zhirnovat njira. Ndi pa malo awa ndi kudziwa nthaka kwambiri chonde.

The ntchito olimapo

Popeza nthaka wakuda - ndi dziko wapatali kwambiri, ntchito zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chodzala masamba, dzinthu, mbewu forage, kulima minda ya mpesa, minda ndi zipatso ambiri. dziko ladzala ndi greenhouses, greenhouses ndi kukakamiza miphika ya zomera maluwa. Komanso, wakuda lapansi yaikidwa pa malo Masitolo, m'madera ofesi, malo a zing'onozing'ono, nyumba dziko ndi zing'onozing'ono.

Powonjezera lachonde bwino kugawa kukula ndi katundu thupi la dziko, monganso osalimba ndi madzi permeability. Koma nthaka wakuda pa dongo lolemera dothi nthawi zambiri sizithandiza. Ndi bwino ntchito kwa mapapo Sandy loam. Chonde dothi chodzala zomera Ndi bwino kuyala mu dzenje pang'ono.

Nkofunika zosiyanasiyana zomera m'deralo. The watanthauzo adzakhala mitundu zikuchokera awo, nthaka zowonjezera kusasintha. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka kwa topsoil lotayirira. Choncho, akatswiri amalangiza kuti m'munda wanu osati pa zokha masamba pachaka, komanso munda zitsamba ndi mitengo.

M'mene mukufunira kusakaniza humus m'nthaka? Childs chiŵerengero ndi 3: 1. nthaka amenewa ali oyenera pafupifupi onse zomera. Komanso, kaŵirikaŵiri anabweretsa pa malo ankakhulupirira kuti kuphunzira pambuyo yomanga.

Zachilengedwe wochezeka ulimi

Lero, agronomists zambiri pochitika njira kulima kupanga. timutsanzire kuyang'ana pansi, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza organic ndi njira kwachilengedwenso ulamuliro tizilombo. Zokolola za mbewu zotsukira kudzadalira pa katundu wa dziko lapansi.

Inu mukhoza kupita njira zovuta - kuchita kafukufuku zasayansi ndi kudziwa zinthu simuli pansi zokwanira. Koma zimakhala zosavuta, ndithudi, adzaomboledwa ku malo wakuda nthaka matumba kapena galimoto. nthaka uyu ali ndi mchere koyenera onse, pamodzi ndi dothi osiyana ndi angathe kukhala nthawi iliyonse.

kugula nthaka

Lero, mungapeze kwambiri malonda zogulitsa a feteleza ndi nthaka. Ena amakopeka ndi mtengo wotsika. Koma apa tiyenera kukhala ochenjera. An mungathe wogulitsa oipa pansi pa amati kupereka wozama kalasi humus nthaka ndi humus pang'ono. Koma chinyengo ndi chosavuta kutsegula - nthaka kukhala mowala mtundu.

Ndi ofunika powasamalira chiyero cha dziko. Yakuti wa zinyalala ndi zosafunika. Kumene, iwo kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kuonjezera ndalama ntchito. "Akuda" dziko wakuda adzayenera asiyanitse ndi mtundu kudzera pamanja.

Ambiri ndife otayika mu nkhani ya mmene nthaka mukufuna kugula. Koma n'kosavuta. Kupeza malo mukufuna kuphimba pansi. kyubu mmodzi wa wakuda lapansi angaganizire za tani munthu.

mtengo wa

Pafupifupi tani dziko pamodzi ndi yobereka ndi ndalama za mazana asanu rubles. Koma zambiri dongosolo la wakuda lapansi, mtengo ndalama. Choncho, pamene kugula matani 15, mtengo wake akhoza kugwa rubles 350 pa matani.

Pakuti madera wakunja kwatawuni, ayenera mabuku ndi ang'onoang'ono. M'masitolo mungapeze matumba pa malita asanu kapena makumi anai. Pa nthaka wakuda, gulu mtengo kuzungulira mazana awiri kapena atatu rubles. Komabe, mtengo akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi dera.

Black lapansi nthaka tinganene kuti lonse, ali abwino chifukwa chodzala maluwa, ndi kulima mbewu zipatso, ndi kuika malo. Koma lachonde - si limathetseratu vuto lina lililonse. Mulimonsemo, tidzakhala kuti ena Pofuna chifukwa yabwino.