Mpendadzuwa chakudya: GOST, zikuchokera, opanga

Mpendadzuwa chakudya - lofunika chakudya mankhwala, ankagwiritsa ntchito ulimi. tanthauzo lake akhoza kwambiri patsogolo zokolola za ziweto ndi nkhuku, potero kukula profitability ya munda. Kukhuta mpendadzuwa chakudya akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe woyera kapena monga mbali ya chakudya nyama.

mitundu

Akuimira chakudya kupanga byproduct mpendadzuwa mafuta. Ndiko kuti, ngati zopangira mu kupanga ake pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu zinazi. kupanga mpendadzuwa imagwiridwa ndi mbali ziwiri:

• Mbewu analandira atolankhani, ndi chifukwa kuti chionekera mafuta mpendadzuwa - lofunika chakudya mankhwala.
• M'zigawo ndondomeko imagwiridwa. Wrung ku misa mwa solvents wapadera (makamaka mafuta) kuonetsetsa mafuta otsala.

Mwa njira imeneyi kuti analandira otchedwa chakudya yachibadwa. Nthawi zina mankhwala mapeto amadziwikanso pansi kutenthetsa mankhwala. Kuyeza kumeneku amatchedwa chakudya.

ntchito

Monga tanenera kale, mpendadzuwa chakudya ntchito kwa gawo lalikulu ngati chakudya kwa ziweto kukula ndi nkhuku. phindu lake lagona makamaka chakuti lili kwambiri mapuloteni. Ndipo iwo Kwenikweni, udindo mndandanda wa minofu nyama, komanso kukula. Khalidwe la mapuloteni yotengedwa chakudya anyamula 60%. Pamene mapuloteni ili mwamtheradi mkulu kalasi kwa amino asidi zikuchokera. Malinga ndi chakudya chizindikiro chimaposa dzinthu zambiri.

Mpendadzuwa chakudya mapuloteni lili amino zidulo monga cystine, lysine, tryptophan ndi methionine. The zikuchokera chakudya zikuphatikizapo wina mchitidwe zothandiza - CHIKWANGWANI. Likukhudza digestibility wa nyama, makamaka ruminants, chakudya. Zopezeka mu chakudya, ndi mitundu yonse ya mchere kufufuza zinthu. Makamaka wolemera mu mtundu uwu wa phosphorous chakudya ndi potaziyamu. Ndiponso limapangidwa nthaka, manganese, chitsulo, mkuwa, cobalt, ayodini, asafe. Ali chakudya ndi mavitamini: B, E ndi A.

Kodi mbali ya chakudya ndi mafuta zatsalira (15%). Koma quality, ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kumakhaliro, chifukwa ali ndi digiri otsika makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndipo anthu ambiri phospholipids.

Ubwino mankhwala

The ntchito chakudya monga mpendadzuwa chakudya, mungathe:

• kusintha kagayidwe nyama yambiri izo;
• kuwonjezera kuchuluka digestibility chakudya nyama mitundu ina;
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa;
• kuwonjezera pafupifupi phindu tsiku;
• kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi;
• kusintha mkhalidwe wonse wa nyama;
• yowongolera nyama, mkaka ndi mazira.

Wamkulu nyama chakudya kawirikawiri kupereka mu mawonekedwe wosweka ndi achinyamata - mu nthaka, kaya ndi wouma ndi lonyowa. Amagwiritsidwanso sizachilendo chakudya anawonjezera kuti phala ndi.

The zikuchokera mankhwala

Choncho, mtundu uwu chakudya ayenera kumvera malamulo a GOST. Mpendadzuwa chakudya (zinthu luso, i.e. zofunika kwa kapangidwe kake zinalembedwa mu magome wapadera) kunja akupereka unyinji wa mtundu imvi kapena brownish, munali, monga tanenera, mafuta, CHIKWANGWANI ndi kufufuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Gome m'munsimu limasonyeza zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zimene zikusonyeza kufunika kwa mankhwala chakudya. Chiwerengerochi mu izo - gawo la zinthu luso malinga ndi GOST 11246-96.

A mankhwala woterowo zikuchokera amati mokwanira ovomerezeka ndi GOST. Mpendadzuwa, akuyendera dziko lathu, nthawi yodziwika ndi apamwamba. Nthawi kapangidwe kake wa GOST 13496.

zosafunika zoipa

Monga mukuonera, mankhwala ndi chofunika komanso zothandiza - mpendadzuwa. The zikuchokera chakudya akhoza bwinobwino ntchito pa ziweto ndi nkhuku. Komabe, ngati mankhwala ena aliwonse akhoza zili chakudya ndi pang'ono zigawo achabechabe kapena zoipa. Iwo atsimikiziridwa kuchuluka kwa boma muyezo kololeka.

mpendadzuwa chinyezi misa chakudya pa yosungirako sayenera upambana chithunzi cha 6%. Apo ayi mankhwala amayamba nkhungu zowola.

opanga

Mukhozanso mpendadzuwa m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi. Ndipo Russia kwa kupanga mankhwala ndi imodzi mwa malo oyamba. Komanso zambiri chifukwa amapangidwa ku Ukraine, Argentina, South Africa, Pakistan, China, USA ndi India.

Mu Russia presscakes opangidwa ambiri mafuta m'zigawo zomera komanso mafakitale mafuta. Anthu opanga wotchuka zoweta ndi: ntchentche "Yug Rusi", "Aston", "ulimi zovuta", "Atkarskaya MEZ", "Miller" ndi ena.

The ogulitsa waukulu wa mankhwala monga mpendadzuwa (Photo mmatumba ndi zambiri chakudya mukuonera pa tsamba lino), ndi "August Agro" TK "Agroresurs", "West", "Trionis".

M'mbuyomu, katswiri palokha wa Institute of mavuto dziko Russian zinafufuzidwanso kupanga zoweta chakudya pamaso pa GMOs. Mu mndandanda wakuda pambuyo Makampani ambiri kubala mpendadzuwa. Opanga 'Prioskolye "," Cherkizovo "," BEZRK-Belgrankorm "- ichi ndi makampani odziwika bwino kwambiri mu chakudya munali mankhwala zosinthidwa chibadwa. Ilipo mu mndandanda ndipo zina, makampani ang'onoang'ono. Mfundo ntchito chakudya munali GMOs sikuti mukulakwitsa mu Russia. Komabe blacklisted opanga kugulitsa mankhwala osauza wogula za izo zosinthidwa chibadwa zigawo zikuluzikulu.

zofunikira za GOST

Mfundo zolamulidzwazo potsata mfundo za boma, makampani popanga chakudya, ayenera kutsatira osati za mankhwala zikuchokera. Alendo amagwiritsidwa olamulidwa ndi khalidwe:

• The zopangira ntchito popanga chakudya. Mbewu ayenera kutsatira GOST 22391.
• Kenaka. Mpendadzuwa mmatumba mu matumba pepala lolingana GOST 2226. Unyinji Choncho mmatumba chakudya sayenera upambana makilogalamu 30. Ndi zotheka tiyeni mankhwala popanda atanyamula (lotayirira).
• Chodetsa tidzakwatulidwa ntchito mogwirizana ndi GOST 14192. Pa matumba a azinyamula akuti "Tetezani ku chinyezi" ndithu. Pamene kutumizidwa ku chochuluka makhalidwe onse chofunika mankhwala ndi mmene zolembedwa m'munsichi.

matumba akhoza adzakhetsedwa ngati mpendadzuwa granular ndi chochuluka.

Chakudya ndi keke

Mpendadzuwa mbewu mtundu wina wa chakudya wapatali - keke. Kuyambira chakudya iye ndi wolemekezeka makamaka mwa njira yopanga. Tipange keke chabe ndi kukanikiza mbewu. Si nkhani kwa m'zigawo. Choncho, gawo la izo siziri kwenikweni chimodzimodzi monga chakudya. Mpendadzuwa keke lili zakudya zambiri. Monga chakudya, nthawi zambiri m'gulu chakudya.

History of mpendadzuwa

Choncho, chakudya chopangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zinazi. Ntchito kudyetsa nyama anayamba nthawi yayitali. Mpendadzuwa kunyumba kwa North America, ndipo pali umboni wakuti zomera akulimidwa zoposa 5 zikwi. Zaka. Ku Ulaya likuganiziridwa atawalankhula 1500 ndi Spain.

Monga oilseed woyamba mpendadzuwa mbewu anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Russia. Mu 1900, mitundu yake yatsopano ayipanga obereketsa Russian. mbewu zawo zili 60% mafuta. Monga mitundu kale wamkulu, kuchuluka ichi ndi zaka 28 zokha%.

Kuwonjezera pa chikalata lero mpendadzuwa ndi chakudya china. Mwachitsanzo, soya. Ndi lofunika chakudya mankhwala. Koma, mwatsoka, mu nthawi yathu izo wakula pang'ono yaikulu GMOs soya. Ndipo mu ulimi wa chakudya, izo ntchito mwakhama kwambiri. Mofanana obereketsa mpendadzuwa, geneticists ntchito pafupifupi osati ikuchitika. Alimi ndi makampani akuluakulu ulimi padziko lonse mwakula makamaka kokha mitundu ochiritsira ndi hybrids. Ubwino wa mpendadzuwa kutsogolo wa soya wolemera ndi undemanding kuti zikuchokera nthaka ndi nyengo.

malamulo posungira

Zonyamula mpendadzuwa chakudya akhoza kukhala ndi aliyense njira zoyendera. TC motero akhale woyera ndi kupopera mankhwala. Chakudya kapena kusungidwa mu chochuluka mu malo chatsekedwa, kapena zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu matumba. Kodi Sangaonetsere poyera mankhwala kwa dzuwa. nyumba yosungiramo katundu ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi dongosolo mpweya wabwino. Chochuluka chakudya ayenera nthawi analimbikitsa. Zikwama ayenera kugona pa maalumali kapena pallets. Musalole ndi Kutentha chakudya ndi madigiri oposa 5 poyerekeza ndi kutentha yozungulira. Alumali moyo wa mpendadzuwa opangidwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za alendo, ndi zaka zitatu.