Zimene zinachitika kwa chitukuko pa Isitala Island?

Tonsefe itenge sanathetsedwe wakale zinsinsi, sichoncho? n'chifukwa kutha kwa chinayi Legiyo wa Roma chiyani? Chifukwa ntchito ngalande chobisika pansi piramidi wa mwezi Mexico? Kodi n'chiyani chinachitikira chitukuko pa Isitala Island?

Rapa Nui chitukuko

Funso lomaliza - mmodzi wa zopweteka kwambiri. Chilumba anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa moai - ziboliboli oopsa mwala tofanana nkhope ya anthu. Isitala Island kwa zaka yakhala nyumba chitukuko wotukuka Rapa Nui, omwe asowa mwadzidzidzi mwamsanga ndi 1860s. Popeza ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zilumba akutali kwambiri mu dziko, chikhalidwe cha chitukuko anasowa tikudziwa pang'ono.

malingaliro ambiri achita patsogolo kufotokoza kutha kwa anthu matenda ndi kudula mitengo kuti mkangano mkati. Komanso sizoona kwambiri n'chakuti pa chilumbacho panali ecocide, ndiko kuti, anthu juga chilengedwe kotero kuti anakhala aziopa. Tsopano phunziro la limasonyeza kuti kopanda ichi zambiri komanso cholakwika.

Ndi chiyani icho mu chiphunzitso cha ecocide

Chiphunzitso cha ecocide motere. Anthu okhala Isitala Island, chinamuchititsa ku gawo, yomwe tsopano ndi Polynesia. Zimenezi zinachitika mwina mu 1200 BC. e. Mozungulira nthawi pamene azungu koyamba anthu a Rapa Nui kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, kudula mitengo peaked.

Mitengo kukula pachilumbachi, makamaka ntchito yomanga mabwato imene anthu ndaweza. Zonse yodula mitengo zinachititsa mofulumira pafupifupi chisumbucho, ndi chifukwa kuti anthu sanathenso kumanga mabwato ndi chakudya m'nyanja. Kuti tipulumuke, iwo ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito magwero dziko ofotokoza za chakudya, koma ulimi kusalankhula zinachititsa kuti kukokoloka kwambiri nthaka. Unachititsa kugwa ulimi, ndipo alibe chakudya chokwanira, anthu a Rapa Nui anali likupita ikutha.

A kafukufuku

Komabe, kafukufuku wa timu ku University of Bristol, womwenso asayansi ku University of Hawaii ndi Binghamton, amaona kuti umboni ngoziyo izi zachilengedwe sichitsata kwambiri lodalirika.

Ntchito kusanthula zimapangidwira botanical, anthu ndi zotsalira faunal opezeka pa malo osiyanasiyana pofukula pa chisumbu ofufuza adakhoza kuti ajambule chithunzi zonse zimene m'zilumba wakale anadya, komanso kuphunzira za makhalidwe awo ulimi. Mu kuyankhulana kwa gwero la IFLScience anauza Catherine Jarman, wolemba kuphunzira ndi patsogolo ndi maphunziro wophunzira ku University of Bristol.

Asayansi anapeza kuti pafupifupi theka la mapuloteni mu zakudya anthu a Rapa Nui zonse anabwera ku magwero m'madzi. Monga mmene "American Journal of thupi Anthropology," zikunenedwa kuti chilumbachi sanasiye nsomba.

"Tinaphunzira kuti chakudya analandira kuchokera magwero dziko ofotokoza anabwera kusintha kwambiri m'nthaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu a pachilumbachi kuti Polemeretsedwa nthaka kulima, "- iye anati mu mawu Co-wolemba Carl Lipo, katswiri wa Anthropology pa University of Binghamton.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitukuko cha Rapa Nui anali kwenikweni wodziwa za njira ya ulimi. Choncho, ulimi kugwa kungoganizira si imani kutsutsa.

Chinsinsi cha kutha kwa koma kuti anapeza

"Izi zotsatira watsopano - yosangalatsa chionetsero cha uthenga wofunika kwambiri zobisika mu mafupa - anawonjezera Jarman. - Iwo ndi tanthauzo timapangira, chifukwa, m'malo modalira magwero ano mbiri amatithandiza kudziwa mmene mbiri isanayambe anthu kucheza ndi chilengedwe ".

Kotero chinachitika pa Isitala Island pamene kutha kwa chitukuko ichi sanali zokhudza chilengedwe? Pa nthawi, ife utatsalirabe kudabwa.

Tikumbukenso kuti kuwononga chilengedwe apitiriza kukhala chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu kugwa chitukuko. Tsopano, pamene izo zifika cha kusintha kwa nyengo, dziko lonse tikudzipereka ecocide.