Mtengo - ndi ... ndalama ntchito. Kupanga ndalama - ndalama

ntchito iliyonse kuyesera kupanga zosankha zimene iye kupereka phindu pazipita, potsata pa mtengo kukhazikitsa ndi kupanga. Mwachibadwa, mtengo wa mankhwala ameneŵa - chotsatira cha anzake a kapezedwe ndi kufunika. Mtengo - ndi chimene amapanga ndalama. Komabe, izi si chotero mfundo zazing'ono ngati angaganize. Choncho, mtengo - ndi chiyani ichi?

mavuto a terminology

Mtengo - ndi gawo la mitengo ya zinthu. Iwo zikhonza kuonjezera kapena kuchepa, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi ntchito chuma, gulu la kupanga ndi luso. Mlengi zingachititse kuchepetsa ndalama. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa mfundo imene tikukambirana ndi mawu monga "ndalama" ndi "ndalama," womwe nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa malangizo ndi mabuku azachuma Ndipotu, si.

ndalama zachuma

Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa pa mfundo zimenezi, "mtengo" zimagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso zachuma ndi zikutanthauza zolowa okwana kampani ya kuphedwa kwa ntchito zina. Zikuphatikizapo njira zina mlandu ndi ndalama pafupifupi. mtengo woikidwiratu amatchedwa ndalama lenileni, amene chifukwa ndalama osiyana chuma chuma pa ulimi ndipo makope katundu, katundu ndi ntchito. Njira (iwo chinawerengedwa) - Loss wa athandize ogwira ntchito, zimene chikakwaniritsidwe amafunika yopanga zina (zina) mtengo wa katundu wina, amene akhoza kupangidwa mu msika zina.

ndalama Economic ndalama

Mtengo - ndi leni ndi masamu ndalama zina mabizinesi. Mukamakhala njira kuwonjezeka ngongole ogwira ntchito mu njira ya ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa, kapena kuchepa chilungamo. Mowa - ndi ntchito zinthu, misonkhano, zipangizo, amene anazindikira mawu a phindu ndi nkhani imfa monga kugwirizana pakati pa ndalama ndi ndalama mwachindunji ku zinthu ndalama. Mu mlandu, ndalama ayenera zokhudzana ndi zinthu monga ndalama mankhwala.

mtengo mlandu

Mfundo imeneyi ku mlandu mawonedwe chikuoneka pa mfundo zina, monga amafotokoza: "Amortization", "Asayansi pa malipiro", "Zida", "Kwatha katundu" ndi "kupanga Pulayimale". Tikaganizira - sanali olembedwa pa bilu ndikukhazikitsa chigawo chimodzi cha uthenga, amene amasonkha nkhani pamwamba mpaka nthawi monga mankhwala onse okhudzana ndi ntchito sati kwathunthu akuyendera.

Chizindikiro cha ndalama yopanga

Indicators la ogwira ntchito iliyonse simungakhoze kuchita popanda losatheka monga mitengo ya zinthu. ndalama ntchito, ntchito zachuma, chuma ndi mafakitale zikugwirizananso ndi chizindikiro ichi. misinkhu mtengo bwanji kuchuluka kwa masamba phindu. bungwe amagwiritsa zinthu zambiri ndalama, chuma ndi anthu kwa kuphedwa kwa ntchito, makonzedwe a misonkhano ndi kupanga mankhwala ndondomeko adzakhala Mwachangu apamwamba phindu kwambiri.

ndalama osiyanasiyana

Kuchokera enumeration mawu onse amene amapanga mtengo wa mankhwala aliwonse (kapena ntchito utumiki), mukhoza kuona kuti iwo sali homogeneous kapena zikuchokera, kapena mtengo m'kati zopanga mankhwala, ntchito za mabungwe ndi ntchito. Pali ndalama za ulimi (zipangizo, zipangizo, kupanga, malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero). Pali - mu ntchito ndi kukonza (zili makonzedwe) kukhalabe chuma anakonza chikhalidwe ntchito. Enanso mitundu ya mtengo - ndi amene Sali mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko ya ulimi, koma akadali m'gulu la mtengo wa mankhwala kusasanyiwa, ngakhale ayi, ndipo fotokozani kuti amachotsera chifukwa chokwanira komanso mchere m'munsi kwa yothandiza ndi zina zotero.

mlandu gulu

Gulu imayenera kupanga m'pofunika zifukwa gulu la ndalama pa malo osiyana. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti tisanthule ziti ndiponso dongosolo ndalama, kuzindikira ubale pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuwerengera digiri ya chikoka pa kaperekedwe ka profitability wa bizinesi komanso mtengo. Cholinga cha gulu iliyonse ya ndalama - ndi kuthandiza bwana mu zochita zambiri ndi zolondola, ndi kuonetsetsa gawo, yomwe ndipo ayenera bwanji.

Gawo ndi Drury

Malinga ndi kafukufuku uyu, ndalama - ndiko kuti, mudziwe zimene anapeza kuchokera osiyana- siyana: pamutu, ntchito ndi ndalama zakuthupi. Drury ndiye mwachidule gulu la mlandu malangizo:

1. Pakuti kuwunika ndi kugulitsidwa katundu chopangidwa.
2. Pakuti zigamulo bwana, ndiponso kukonzekera mokwanira.
3. Zonse ndi kulamulira ndondomeko.

Pakali pano, gulu la zimasokoneza luso la kasamalidwe mlandu, limene lakonzedwa kuti athe kukwaniritsa zolinga malonda. N'chifukwa chake m'pofunika kuti anagawa mtengo ntchito ya zolinga, zolinga, njira, njira ndi njira kukwaniritsa.

Gawo zowombetsa mkota

Yowerengera ndalama - mfundo yofunika kwambiri yowerengera imene kutenga zochita zina pa machenjerero ndi njira ya chitukuko ntchito. zotheka sankhani gulu Kuti zimenezi zitheke:

- zina ndi osiyana;

- zogwirizana ndi sukuwakhudza;

- inefficient ndipo imayenera.

mfundo zoyendetsera akutengedwa pa maziko a ndalama zolaula ndi mtima wonse. Zoonekeratu wotchedwa mtengo woikidwiratu zimene tinatengera kwa kampani pa nthawi ya ntchito zake malonda ndi mafakitale. ndalama mwayi - kusiyiratu mtundu wina wa katundu mokomera wina (zina). Ngati mulibe ziletso pa chuma, ndiye ndalama awa adzakhala wofanana ndi ziro, nchifukwa chake iwo amatchedwa zambiri okhulupirika. ndalama zogwirizana zimadalira mfundo zoyendetsera ankaona pa mphindi, ndiye amene angakhudzidwe. Wogwira mtima zinyansi anthu amene amapeza lachokera ku malonda mankhwala. Osamveka, motero - opanda pake. Zikuphatikizapo imfa kupanga m'banja, kusowa, outages, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi chofunika mfundo ndi zina zotero.