Tingawadziwe bwanji kukula kwa vuto la zachuma? tebulo poyerekezera

Lingaliro la "Kukula zachuma" ndi "vuto la zachuma" lili pafupi kwambiri tanthauzo, koma si ofanana mu chirengedwe. Kodi mawu amene ali? Tingawadziwe bwanji kukula kwa vuto la zachuma?

Akamanena za chitukuko zachuma

chitukuko Economic - njira yaitali, amene amakhala ndi osiyanasiyana zinthu, kuphimba osati mwachindunji boma, koma analinso gawo chikhalidwe ndi m'madera ena. The amatanthauza m'mayiko osauka chuma (mosiyana ndi kukula kwa vuto la zachuma tichipeza mu chakuti Mauwa limafotokoza kusintha chuma anayamba).

chitukuko Economic amasonyeza bwino wamkulu wa boma moyo, amasonyeza kuwonjezeka ndalama weniweni, kuwongolera zizindikiro zambiri okhudzidwa: khalidwe la maphunziro, chikhalidwe. mbali zina zofunika za chitukuko zachuma - boma angakondere dongosolo ndalama, khola kusinthitsa ndalama (kapena nyamuka ku mtengo wa ndalama fuko).

Mndandanda wa mphamvu zachuma

Malingana ndi kafukufuku ndi mayiko kampani kafukufuku Grant Thornton ndi pakati odalirika mu The Economist Intelligence Unit chuma kafukufuku, ndi mlingo wa chitukuko zazikulu chuma lotsogoleredwa ndi Australia, amene index ndi wofanana ndi mfundo sikisite-sikisi. Pamwamba atatu mulinso Chile ndi China. Mavoti mphambu anatsimikiza ndi ziyenera katswiri wa boma la chuma cha zizindikiro makumi awiri kuti yagawidwa magulu osiyanasiyana kulamulira.

Magulu a m'mayiko mawu chitukuko zachuma

Ndi mlingo wa chitukuko chonse zachuma kuzindikiridwa angapo magulu a limati:

• M'mayiko otukuka, amene akhoza zimachitika luso chuma dziko ndi la moyo wapamwamba. Izi Japan, USA, Germany, Australia, Finland, ndi ena ambiri. State wa gulu ili yodziwika ndi likulu apamwamba anthu, utsogoleri mu sayansi, luso, mankhwala, maphunziro ndi mafakitale ena, mkulu khalidwe la moyo wa nzika.

• m'mayiko amene cholinga chawo chachikulu kuti andipeze ndi chuma anayamba pa mlingo ndi khalidwe la moyo wa nzika. Mayiko amenewa monga China, Chile, Mexico, Pakistan, Latvia, Czech Republic, Croatia, Kazakhstan ndi ena.
• Mayiko underdeveloped, amene ikuchepa. Izi mayiko ambiri African chilumba limati, komanso Mongolia, Afghanistan, Yemen, Bangladesh, ndi zina zotero.

zachuma: lingaliro

Kukula zachuma ndi osiyana kwambiri kutukula? Kuwonjezeka chuma - mfundo ndi lingaliro laling'ono. Ndi ndondomeko ndi amakhala ndi kusintha yochepa mu buku la ulimi mu njira positive. Kukula zachuma ndi osiyana kwambiri kutukula, choncho kumasonyeza: akuti "kukula" mu chuma tingasonyezere malingaliro a "mankhwala aakulu m'banja" ndi "aakulu m'banja mankhwala", pamene vuto la zachuma, chifukwa kuphatikizapo ndi muyezo wa chikhalidwe kapena dera chikhalidwe.

Kumbali ya kukula zachuma kuonetsetsa mitundu ya zochitika:

• Yunifolomu, amene asunga mu Union ndi European kapena United States.
• Otchedwa chozizwitsa zachuma amene yodziwika chuma cha Korea South, Hong Kong kapena Japan.
• Vuto la kukula - kuchepa zachuma, limodzi ndi kuloŵa pansi miyezo ya moyo. Zilinso lililonse kwa Africa Central.
• Chosowa kukula zomwe ziribe mphamvu pa dera chikhalidwe. Zimenezi anati mu Zimbabwe.

Zinthu zokhudza kukula kwa chuma

Zina mwa zinthu kulimbikitsa kukula kwa chuma m'mayiko osauka akhoza kutchulidwa motere:

• mlingo wa chitukuko cha mayendedwe ndi mitundu ina zomangamanga (zachuma, kulankhulana);
• kusintha kwa ulimi kupanga zipatso (ntchito zoyendayenda);
• inflow ya thandizo la ndalama ndi ndalama ku madera ena;
• mfundo maphunziro ndi mlingo wa kulemba, sipangakhalenso chimatanthauza ntchito zambiri zokhudza ntchito;
• mtengo wa ndalama zilipo;
• mlingo wa chivundi.

tebulo poyerekezera

Tingawadziwe bwanji kukula kwa vuto la zachuma? osiyana kwambiri bwino zimaonekera tebulo pansipa.

Ofanana pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi ndi kukula chuma pakati pa zigawo optional amapanga vuto la zachuma, koma yemweyo si nthawi zonse chifukwa cha wake kapena ndiyo kutukula kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Tingawadziwe bwanji kukula kwa vuto la zachuma? Kusiyana zofunika pakati pa mfundo ngati chomvetsetseka chitsanzo chabe. Mwachitsanzo, kukula anthu akuimira kuwonjezeka mu thupi ndi kutalika, kuti anthu zizindikiro zomwe angathe kuyeza, poyerekeza, kusanthula kale. Development limanenedwa angapo, osati thupi zinthu (zaka, kutalika ndi kulemera kwa thupi), komanso mbali umboni - chikhalidwe, khalidwe, mlingo wa kukhwima, maluso, nzeru, zizolowezi.

zachuma popanda chitukuko

zachuma popanda chitukuko kumachitika pamene ndi kuwonjezeka zizindikiro kachulukidwe palibe weniweni miyezo ya moyo wa anthu. Izi zingathe kukhala chifukwa zifukwa izi:

• Mkulu kaperekedwe ka ziphuphu, pamene patsogolo onse mu mawonekedwe a ndalama zina ndi apamwamba mu thumba la kugwirizana kulamulira.
• mavuto Environmental. Kuchotsa miyeso pofuna kupewa ngozi zachilengedwe adzakhala pafupifupi adzawonjezera voliyumu ya ulimi, koma yemweyo phula imfayo kuwonongeka kwa zaumoyo. Choncho, pamodzi ndi kukula chuma adzaphedwa khalidwe la moyo wa nzika zake.
• zoyendera zomangamanga kuchulukana. Kutha kwa msewu, chimene chikanakhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mantha kukula azachuma kudzakhala kuvutika khalidwe la moyo wa anthu, umene uyenera kutaya nthawi yambiri mu chotipinga.

• Ndalama kwa gawo usilikali. GDP dzikoli kuwonjezera chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mafakitale chitetezo, pamene m'madera ena (maphunziro, umoyo, chikhalidwe) sadzakhala patsogolo.
• Chosowa misika. The kuwonjezera mphamvu kupanga, m'kukoma mawu kachulukidwe, kungabweretse bwino chuma, koma pakalibe misika kupititsa patsogolo weniweni miyezo ya moyo sadzabwera.

mafotokozedwe achidule kusiyana

Mwachidule (koma mochepa kwathunthu) I anafotokoza kusiyana kwa pakati mfundo Shumper. Kukula zachuma ndi osiyana kwambiri kutukula? wolemba amapereka yankho lilipo: kutalika - kusintha mu mawu a kuchuluka (kuwonjezeka kupanga ndi mowa), ndi chitukuko - makhalidwe Mkhalidwe (kusintha kwa miyezo ya moyo wa anthu, zaluso opangira, ndalama zakunja, ndi zina zotero).

Choncho, chimene chimasiyanitsa kukula kwa vuto la zachuma? Development ayenera kumvetsa ngati mfundo zambiri kuphatikizapo bwino chuma. Iwo akhoza imawunikidwa angapo zizindikiro zosiyana, zomwe zikusonyeza patsogolo boma wonse. kukula amakhala ndi chabe zenizeni ntchito chithunzi.