Ndalama Government ndipo zimayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa zachuma: mubwereze za maphunziro wazotsatira

Zimayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa zachuma, chuma ambiri zikugwirizana ndi dongosolo ngongole. Mwachitsanzo, Kaminsky ndi Richard chipenyere chodabwitsa cha "mavuto amapasa", yomwe ndi mavuto banki ndi vuto la muyezo wa ndalama. Olemba kuona kuti zinthu zochititsa kuti tisanthule, ndi banki mavuto gawo zambiri patsogolo ndalama mavuto Ndiyeno iwowa ndiye kuzamitsa mavuto banki, n'kupanga chikapitirizabe, chifukwa mu revenues kwambiri yafupika boma ndi ndalama.

Pali ambiri ongolankhula maphunziro, lomwe tisanthule zotsatira zenizeni za matenda, kumene chiwerengero cha zinthu zimathandiza kuti kufala kwa mavuto kuchokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, muli ndi chizindikiro chiŵerengero pakati pa ndalama ndi misika katundu, mtanda dziko banki ndi ubwenzi malonda ena ndi zimakhudza awo pa revenues boma.

Motero, pa nkhani ya kudalirana, kutsegula kwa misika chuma, patsogolo malonda yachilendo kuwonjezera kuchuluka kuopsa kusakhazikika kwa zachuma ndi mavuto kuchokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Zonse izi tsopano imagwiritsidwa mfundo zoopsa mediating revenues chikhalidwe cha Russian Federation ndi kukhazikika ake ndalama. mfundo zachuma lotero ndi azingochita chida cha kukana izi.

kasamalidwe zazikulu za citukuko mu nthawi ya mavuto a zachuma komanso zachuma liziyang'ana pa ntchito kukhalabe zachuma ndi zochokera yolongosoka ndalama ndi mfundo zachuma. The zida chachikulu cha lamulo zachuma a m'zinthu zachuma, zomwe kudziwa revenues boma, monga amadziwika, basi ndi discretionary amazilamulira. Mphamvu ndi adequacy wa stabilizers ndi zodziwikiratu mu nthawi ya mavuto ambiri ayankhidwa m'mabuku a zachuma. Makinawa stabilizers zachokera kuchepetsa munthawi yomweyo msonkho ndi kuchepa mu kupanga ndi kuwonjezeka mu mtengo, mu anasamutsidwa makamaka chikhalidwe, zomwe zimathandiza kuti konza akadzabweranso boma. Ubwino stabilizers basi ndiye kuti ntchito symmetrically pa mkombero ntchito: pamene kutali - iwo zimakhudza yomweyo, iwo sakhala atengeke andale.

Ndi mfundo otchuka maganizo, chimene mu nthawi ya mavuto ndi mavuto azachuma, ntchito stabilizers basi sikokwanira; pali kufunika miyezo discretionary zachuma ndondomeko. Pozindikira kufunika ndi pamaziko a mphamvu ya discretionary mfundo zachuma ndi maziko a nthawi ino mu zodabwitsa dziko chuma, chuma kulabadira zipangizo zoyenerera kukhalabe revenues boma pa mlingo yoyenera, ganizilani mphamvu ya zida izi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chuma. Kafukufuku yemwe ndi IMF anapeza kuti zipangizo zothandiza kwambiri mfundo zachuma m'mayiko otukuka, kumene zotsatira za miyeso discretionary ndi zabwino mwa mawu lalifupi ndi sing'anga, pamene m'misika akutulukira, yochepa zotsatira ndi zabwino, ndi sing'anga yaitali - choimira. Kuwerengetsera imachitika kusonyeza kuti discretionary nzothandiza phukusi pa gawo limodzi amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka GDP ndi avareji pafupifupi 0.1 - 0.2 peresenti.

kusintha zachuma pa recessions zochokera ntchito zida zikuluzikulu ziwiri Impact pa ntchito zachuma - ndi kuonjezera ndalama boma pamene kutsitsa msonkho. The maganizo kwambiri ndi funso la mphamvu kuonjezera ndalama yotithandiza ntchito zachuma. Neo-Keynesians amati kuchuluka kwa ndalama za boma lili ndi ubwino wonse wa mowa ndi kukula kwa malipiro enieni. Komabe, chuma ambiri amanena kuopsa ntchito zida monga kuwonjezeka ndalama boma kuyambira akhale achabechabe ndi kutumikira zinthu za magulu, osati chuma wonse. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti zochita za kuchulukitsa zachuma Mwina zoipa, ngati kukula mu ndalama boma pamapeto akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa ndalama payekha ndi mowa payekha. Komanso, ofufuza ambiri amanena kuti kuwonjezeka ndalama boma akutumikira monga cholepheretsa kukula zachuma yaitali. Kufufuza kwaposachedwa amasonyezanso kuti njira zachuma ndi zochepa oyenera chuma lotseguka, kumene zochita za zida zachuma akhoza kuchepetsa ndi amazilamulira likulu ndi kusinthitsa ndalama boma.

Kuopsa kuwonjezeka ndalama bajeti kugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka mu mavuto inflationary. Mayiko ndi sikelo zoipa malipiro ndi okhwima mlingo malipiro awo, kuwonjezeka ndalama boma zimatha kukopa makamaka negative.