Ndi cholinga chimene: ndi ongolankhula chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha

Chiphunzitso cha zolinga mwakuchita masukulu osiyanasiyana a maganizo pa nthawi yaitali mbiri, ndi lero anapanga zambiri njira sayansi malongosoledwe a zodabwitsazi. AN Leontiev, mwachitsanzo, ankakhulupirira kuti cholinga ndi chilimbikitso mu kuwerenga maganizo ndi dera lonse chidwi sayansi, imene ikufotokoza nkhani za luso, mphamvu zako maganizo kugwirizana nzeru ndi katswiri. Chifukwa funsoli, kodi cholinga adafuna magwero ake - kumapeto. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa sayansi chidziwitso, pamene chikumbumtima ndipo chidziwitso ndi chapakati.

njira ina ankafufuza wofuna ngati chinthu cha khalidwe chiyambi ndi tanthauzo. Makamaka, Atkinson anayamba zosiyana, chimene, kuwonjezera leni kudziwa-mbali ankaona cholinga monga yang'anira khalidwe ndiyo kufunika kwake anawonjezera, anakafika pafupifupi dera lonse ubale chikhalidwe.

Mu mawonekedwe ambiri onse a amajambulapo maluwa okongola angathe kutanthauziridwa monga zolinga khola chifukwa chochita munthu wina akhale ndi khalidwe, kanthu kapena kuchita ndi moyo wapamwamba. Kuganizira, m'nkhani imeneyi, zikuoneka ngati ndikofunikira womwenso initialization pa khalidwe la munthu, kupeza malangizo a khalidwe, amafotokoza okha ndi ena, bungwe ndi polojekiti, i.e. mlingo wa mtendere wa ntchito monga motif lapansi.

Kumvetsa bwino zimene cholinga ndi gwero chizindikiro cha makhalidwe a zofuna anthu. Izi motani mphamvu zake, pafupipafupi yatsoka ndi zizindikiro, njira ndi njira kukhazikitsa. Cholinga china chofunika monga lingaliro ndiye kuphunzira cholinga cha zochita za anthu. Apa chikhalidwe chake akuwonetseredwa mu choona kuti Mzimuyo kufunika kwa zolinga ndi digiri ya kuzindikira. Mfundo ndi kuti zolinga za makhalidwe zimachitika ngati sadziwa kukomoka

Kuti mwadongosolo kwambiri kuyerekeza cholinga, zimene sayansi kutanthauzira anatengera anapanga mu sayansi, ndi bwino kusonyeza zili mwa mfundo unakhazikitsidwa kuwerenga maganizo pankhani nkhaniyi.

chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko Darwin linapereka kuphunzira anthu chikhalidwe maganizo woyamba pa mlingo wa achibadwidwe. Freud Makdaugoll, Pavlov ndi ena anafuna kufotokoza mitundu yambiri (ngati si onse) pa khalidwe la munthu chikoka achibadwidwe titadziwa, zomwe zimaoneka ngati dongosolo lalikulu angalimbikitsire. Kenako, Pochita zimenezi zinachititsa kuti maonekedwe a chiphunzitso khalidwe (behavioristic).

Zotsatira mu maganizo, analandira kapangidwe kwambiri bwinobwino ntchito za Watson, Hull, Skinner, amene anayesa kufotokoza zolinga za onse Mzimuyo khalidwe, nzothandiza-zotakasika china. A chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha maganizo a anthu ndiponso kupempha malangizo, cholinga ndi zomwe chikhalidwe chake, zopangidwa ndi Bernstein ndi Anokhin.

Mu theka lachiwiri la atumwi wotsiriza odziwika bwino chiphunzitso cha "konsekonse ogula anthu", mmodzi wa theorists amene anali William Maslow. Oyimira a sukulu sayansi anachitira motif monga chodabwitsa zazikulu, kukhala mogwirizana ndi zamoyo wa anthu zosowa. Awa ndiwo ankaimira motere. Zofunika anapanga sequentially ndi limodzi moyo wonse wa munthu. mphamvu zawo motere: adzawonekera ndi kukhala thupi (njala, ludzu, etc.) Amafuna, ndipo sequentially, zofuna chitetezo, wachokera ndi chikondi, kulemekeza, nzeru ndi luso (chidziwitso), kudzikonda actualization (kuzindikira cholinga chawo) . Limodzi ndi ndondomeko iyi ndi chitukuko cha angalimbikitsire dera la munthu, omwe akhoza anachedwa poyerekezera ndi zosowa, koma ndi kukhala patsogolo pa izo. dissonance ichi kapena mogwirizana pamapeto pake anatsimikiza ndi makhalidwe a anthu mmadera.