Han Tokhtamysh: bolodi ndi ulendo pa Moscow

Tokhtamysh Khan anali mwana wa mmodzi mwa akalonga otchuka wa gulu. ulamuliro wake unali ndi chitsitsimutso cha Golden mphamvu gulu, amene akhala akuvutika kwambiri chifukwa cha mikangano zambirimbiri akalambula wake. Mu mbiri Russian amadziŵika monga kulinganiza za ulendo pa Moscow mu 1382, imene inatha anawonongera lowopsya la mzinda ndi kuyatsa tenements wake.

inalowa

Bambo ake anaphedwa, tsogolo Khan Tokhtamysh anathawa 1376 kuti Timur, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo malamulo wina wa mayiko ku Central Asia. Pa zaka ziwiri zotsatira, iye mothandizidwa ndi woyang'anira wake anayesa kulanda wolamulira, amene anaphedwa atate wake, koma nthawi iliyonse analephera. Pamene mdani wake anamwalira Khan Tokhtamysh mu 1378 anagonjetsa m'malo mwake ofooka ndipo anakhala wolamulira wa munthu mayunitsi kale anayamba ndi nthawi yopuma ndi boma la chiguluchi. Chaka chotsatira agonjetse chuma, amene amalamulidwa ndi amayi ndipo anatha analanda horde onse a m'dziko, kuphatikizapo likulu. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Kulikovo mu 1380, iye mothandizidwa ndi Timur anakhala wolamulira wa boma kumene ogwirizana ndipo anathandizapo kubwezeretsa kutchuka kwa akuluakulu a boma. Komanso, pamene anayamba chitsitsimutso angapo a mizinda Volga gulu.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Russia

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa Khan Tokhtamysh anatumiza akalonga Russian, akazembe ndi uthenga wa ichi ndi chofunika kuti abwere kwa iye zothetsera kudali mwambo chikhalidwe kupeza zolemba ku ukulu ndi kukhoma msonkho. Specific olamulira latsopano anatsatira Khan, koma Moscow Grand Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy anakana. mfundo ndi yakuti pambuyo Nkhondo ya Kulikov malo m'dziko Russian anasintha: kugonjetsa Mongolia anapanga Moscow likulu la kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian. Chimenechi ndicho chochitika lalikulu mafunso za mapangidwe wogwirizana boma Russian. Chotero mayikidwe a magulu zasintha asapita Moscow-gulu ndi zomwe sakanatha kuvomereza Khan latsopano. Patatha zaka ziwiri, anayamba kukonzekera ulendo pa Moscow.

Kuukira likulu

Busting Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan mu 1382 anali mmodzi wa nkhani zikachitika mu mbiri Russian. nkhonya imeneyi mwakhama kugunda m'nthawi chifukwa chakuti izo zinachitika atangobadwa chigonjetso losaiwalika pa Kulikovo kumunda. Musanayambe kuti mutuwo, Tartars anafika m'dera Nizhny Novgorod, amene wolamulira, kufuna kuteteza chuma chawo ku zinawonongekera, mbampasa ana ake. Ryazan kalonga, komanso kufuna kupatulako nkhonyayo ochokera m'mayiko makolo awo, anatumiza Tartars kuti njira za mtsinje umene iwo ali kunja kwa nzinda waukulu. Ndiye wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, pamodzi ndi msuweni wake ndi wachiŵiri anayenda malo ndi wakunja kwatawuni kusonkhanitsa asilikali kubweza mdani.

kuwukira

Busting Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan zinayamba kutheka zikomo okha kuchenjera kwake. Patangotha masiku ochepa, anthu a likulu ndi akuwathandiza asilikali awo Chilituyaniya anamenyana pa nkhondo ndipo mwina anapambana ngati wogonjetsa sanapite chinyengo: anatsimikizira Muscovites kuti inatuluka kutenga msonkho miyambo, ndipo ngati ngati adzalandira izo, nthawi yomweyo kuchoka mpanda wa mzindawo. Anthu anakhulupirira ndipo anatsegula zipata. Ndiye Khan zoyipa zoopsa mumzinda, ndi kutentha Posad, ndiye agwidwa mbali ya m'matauni wakunja kwatawuni. Kukwera Khan Tokhtamysh kwa Moscow zinatha kuchoka kwake pambuyo mmodzi wa magulu ake agonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu Vladimira Serpuhovskogo.

zotsatira

Zotsatira za kuukira zoopsa anali oyipa. mzinda anataya anthu pafupi twente-foro sauzande, iwo unali pafupi theka la chonse cha anthu a likulu. m'mizinda yapafupi ndi midzi akhala yopsereza, kaŵirikaŵiri. Prince atabwerera nthawi yomweyo miyeso proactive kuthetsa zotsatira. Iye analipira ndalama ku manda mwa anthu, kuwonjezera, anathandizira kumanganso midzi anawonongedwa. Anaukira Tokhtamysh Khan zinandipweteka kwambiri m'nthawi yake, koma iye sanaleke kale ndondomeko ya kugwirizana kwa mayiko padziko Moscow. Komabe, zitachitika izi, kalonga wa Moscow anakakamizika kutumiza mwana wake uliwonse, ndipo anapita yekha, analipira msonkho kwa zaka ziwiri ndi lakwaniritsa ndi Simungachite pa mpando wachifumu. dziko Tverskaya anamuzindikira monga paokha Vladimir ukulu.

Mpikisano wa mphamvu

Orda Khan Tokhtamysh kuchokera 1388 anayamba kulimbana ndi woyang'anira wake wakale ndi Timur. Poopa kuti yotsirizira analanda gawo la Caucasus ndi zapadnoiranskih zikugwera izo analanda mbali ya gawo. Komabe, mu 1390s mdani wake anapambana pa izo yapambana aakulu awiri, ndipo iye anali kenako kumenya akumenya mosalekeza motsutsa om'tsatira wa Tamerlane. Patapita kanthawi, anathamanga kalonga Chilituyaniya, amene anaganiza ntchito kuti kupambana kugonjetsa Tartars. Iye anapambana pa nkhondo mu 1399, koma watsopano mphamvu wolamulira Yedigei anaipha, kenako Tokhtamysh anayamba kudalira kwa dziko ndi woyang'anira wake yemwe anali Komabe, anafa zaka sikisi, ndipo Khan potsiriza anagonjetsedwa ndipo anaphedwa mu 1405.

Ngakhale owonongedwa, amene anatulutsa m'dziko Russian, ndondomeko yogwirizanitsa anapitiriza. Amlowam'malo wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy zambiri zochepa ankaona ndi olamulira a Golden gulu, ndipo posakhalitsa mphamvu zonse za Khan anakhala mwadzina. Izi chinakhalapo mpaka 1480, pamene ulamuliro wa Ivan III goli Chitata Mongol unagonjetsedwa kwathunthu.