Ndi IOC ndi chiyani? International Olympic Committee: mbendera, ndalama, mabungwe, makomiti ndi nyumba

ndi IOC ndi chiyani? Komiti ya International Olympic (IOC) - ndi si phindu gulu lonse omwe si a boma zochokera ku Lausanne (Switzerland). Izo analengedwa ndi Pierre de Coubertin, June 23, 1894, ndiponso mtsogoleri wake woyamba anali Dimitri Vikelas. Pakali pano, izo wapangidwa ndi 100 anthu achangu, 32 ziwalo aulemu ndi 1 membala wa ulemu. Komiti ndi ulamuliro wapamwamba wa Olympic Movement wa dziko ano.

ndi IOC ndi chiyani?

The International Olympic Committee bungwe masiku Games Olympic Games and Youth Olympic zikuchitika m'chilimwe ndi yozizira iliyonse zaka zinayi. Woyamba Games Olympic, unakonzedwa ndi IOC, ndi Games Olympic inachitika ku dziko, mu Athens, mu 1896. Zima Olympic kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya anthu (ku Greece sizinakhale ndi Zima Games) unachitikira mu 1924 ku Chamonix, kumpoto kwa France. Mpaka 1992, iwo onse Games inachitika mu chaka chomwecho. Komiti kenako anasamukira ku Olympic Zima Games mu zaka pakati chilimwe kuthandiza okonza zochitika zonse agwirire zochita zawo ndi saletsa ndi mzake, komanso kusintha mkhalidwe wachuma wa IOC, omwe amalandira ndalama yaikulu mu zaka Olympic. Woyamba Chilimwe Youth Games Olympic inachitika ku Singapore mu 2010, ndipo woyamba yozizira - mu Innsbruck mu 2012.

ndi mbendera ya International Olympic Committee chiyani?

IOC mbendera ndi osakaniza mphete asanu (zitatu pamwamba ndi awiri m'munsimu). Iwo zapiringizana. Aliyense mphete ali mtundu chake: buluu, wakuda, wofiira, wachikasu ndi wobiriwira. Onsewo akuimira m'zigawo zisanu za Earth. IOC mbendera ali maziko woyera.

IOC Mission

Ntchito ya International Olympic Committee, malinga ndi zolembedwa zake hayala, ndi kulimbikitsa othamanga wa Olympic padziko lonse ndi kulimbikitsa Olympic Movement. Iye ayenera kuchita izi:

• kukhala wathunthu komanso mwadongosolo chitukuko cha masewera lonse, amalimbikitsa onse pa dziko;
• kupereka Games malinga ndi ndandanda lokhazikika;
• kugwirizana ndi mabungwe woyenera, pagulu kapena mwachinsinsi ndi akuluakulu;
• amenyane zoyesayesa aliyense zinapangidwa kuti asamakhulupirire Olympic Movement;
• kuthana kusala akazi mu masewera dziko, kuteteza Kuyanjana pakathi pa amuna ndi akazi.

IOC

Gawo la International Olympic Committee - Ndi gulu lalikulu la gulu kasamalidwe thupi. Iye ati kamodzi pa chaka. Ndikukhazikitsa mfundo za kufanana kwa mavoti, umene aliyense amakhala ndi voti imodzi yokha. IOC likulu ku Lausanne, ndi kudzachita boma kwa gawoli.

magawo Waukulu angatchedwe ndi mwina pulezidenti kapena 1/3 ya umembala okwana. Komabe, lamulo limanena kuti zochita za IOC kutenga nthawi zambiri ndi poponya.

Mwazina, gawo IOC, wakuti:

• kuitsatira kapena kukonzanso kwa hayala Olympic.
• Kusankha mamembala a IOC, mutsogoleli Aulemu ndi Anthu Aulemu.
• adzasankha mutsogoleli wadziko, wotsatila-Pulezidenti ndi ziwalo zina zonse za IOC Board Executive.
• osankhidwa khamu mzinda wa Games Olympic.

maulemu

Kuwonjezera kupikisana kwa mendulo Olympic ndi izi IOC mphoto:

1. Trophy IOC Pulezidenti. Kodi kusiyana apamwamba okwana othamanga amene katswiri pa masewera awo, anali ndi ntchito zachilendo ndipo kwakhudza chidwi pa masewera awo.

2. Pierre de Coubertin Mendulo. Amaitcha kuti othamanga amene amaonetsa mzimu wapadera wa masewera pa masewero a Olympic. Ambiri poyamba ankaganiza kuti chifukwa IOC ndi mwalamulo nkumadzitcha okha mendulo Olympic, koma izo siziri.

3. Olympic Cup. Amaitcha kuti mabungwe kapena mayanjano kuonetsera ubwino ndi mphatso za chitukuko yogwira kayendedwe Olympic.

4. Olympic Order. Amaitcha kuti anthu chopereka chabwino kwa gulu Olympic. Mmalo monena Certificate Olympic kale alipo.

Umembala mu IOC

Kwa zaka zambiri, dziko limene anapanga dongosolo lonse la IOC, anatumiza anthu awiri IOC. Kenako, kuti anayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa, maziko anali mapangidwe makomiti chisankho cha mayiko ziwalo kuchokera pakati pa mamembala awo.

Kuchotsa umembala

Umembala mu IOC kutsazikana milandu zotsatirazi:

1. yosiya ntchito. IOC membala mwina kutsirizitsa mphamvu zake ndi kupereka zindikirani olembedwa yosiyira ntchito Pulezidenti.

2. Popeza kukonzanso chisankho. IOC membala ikutha kukhala popanda mwambo zina ngati iye sali pa mpando ndi mavoti.

3. Kukwaniritsa zaka zambiri. IOC membala ikutha mphamvu pa mapeto a chaka, imene atakwanitsa zaka 80.

4. Wokana magawo a zaka ziwiri mosalekeza.

5. Change yogona kapena nzika.

6. anthu osankhidwa monga othamanga yogwira zithe kukhala mamembala a bungwe la IOC Othamanga, pamene retiring.

7. Pulezidenti wa IOC ndi maudindo akuluakulu kasamalidwe mkati NOCs, dziko kapena mayanjano chokhala wa NOCs, IFs ndi zina zotero, kuti zithe mphamvu zake anazindikira mwa kusankha IOC.

8. Kupatulapo: membala IOC akhoza kuchotsedwa mwa kusankha kwa gawoli ngati aperekedwa lumbiro lake kapena ngati gawo amaona kuti wanyalanyaza zofuna za IOC kapena akaika dala iwo pa chiopsezo, kapena anachita zinthu m'njira zosayenera kwa membala wa IOC.

ndalama IOC

Mu m'ma 1980 masewera Olympic mwachuluka amadalira ndalama kuchokera ku gwero limodzi - ndi mapangano ndi makampani TV US wailesi Games Olympic. Pambuyo chisankho wake mtsogoleri wa dziko la IOC mu 1980, Juan Antonio Samaranch wakhala anazindikira chiopsezo izi, ndipo mogwirizana ndi Horst Dassler, Adidas m'banja, anaganiza kukhazikitsa ndi mapulogalamu malonda padziko lonse IOC. Samaranch yoikidwiratu Canada IOC membala Richarda Paunda wapampando wa bungwe la IOC "magwero Latsopano la zachuma."

Mu 1982, kampani Swiss pa masewera malonda kampani chamanja cha ku Italy Marketing zachitika lonse malonda pulogalamu ya IOC kwa Movement Olympic. Chamanja cha ku Italy ali bwinobwino anayamba dongosolo, koma m'malo ndi kasamalidwe kampani Meridian, zomwe mwina m'manja mwa IOC kuyambira 1990s oyambirira.

Mu 1989 mmodzi wa ndodo chamanja cha ku Italy Marketing Maykl Peyn m'gulu la IOC nakhala wotsogolera woyamba wa malonda kwa gulu. Komabe, chamanja cha ku Italy ndipo kenako Meridian ankaimba Komabe ndi ntchito yofunika kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha malonda ndi malonda kwa wothandizila 2002. Kwa zaka 17, mu mgwirizano ndi chamanja cha ku Italy ndipo kenako ndi Meridian, Payne anapanga zopereka kwambiri kupangidwa kwa ikhale ya ndalama zambiri zothandizira malonda pulogalamu, amene, pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa TV malonda ndi kusintha kasamalidwe ndalama lathandiza kubwezeretsa viability ndalama za IOC. Olympic anayamba kubweretsa akadzabweranso yaikulu. Mu 2002, Komiti kuthetsa ubwenzi ndi Meridian kupita pulogalamu yake malonda motsogoleredwa ndi Timo Lummen, Kubweza ntchito Director Marketing.

zasungidwa

The Olympic Movement amalandira ndalama kudzera mapulogalamu asanu akuluakulu. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) amalowerera Kuwulutsa zibwenzi ndi Program ya zothandizira wa Movement Olympic World. Komiti kukonzekera kasamalidwe kake othandizira kumtunda, malonda tikiti ndi mapulogalamu pulogalamuyo mu dziko khamu komanso ali pansi pa utsogoleri wa IOC. Olympic amalandira ndalama okwana kuposa $ 4 billion. Lembani nthawi wogwirizira - madola mabiliyoni 2.5 ku ndalama pa Olympic nthawi ya zaka zinayi kuchokera 2001 mpaka 2004. Kukhulupirira kuti ndi IOC amalandira kwa zaka 4, koma malonda awo Kodi kubweretsa phindu.

yogawa ndalama

IOC allocates gawo la ndalama za lonse Olympic Movement mabungwe kuthandiza kukonzekera ndi likhale la Games Olympic ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha masewera padziko lonse. The International Olympic Committee akuzisunga pafupifupi 10% ya ndalama ku malonda Olympic kuti ntchito ndipo utsogoleri ndalama.

Makomiti Olympic National

NOCs kulandira thandizo la ndalama kwa maphunziro ndi chitukuko cha magulu Olympic, othamanga wa Olympic ndi akatswiri m'tsogolo. bungwe kugawira revenues pakati Makomiti padziko lonse. Komiti kumathandiza kuti wailesi ya Olympic, chitukuko cha Olympic Umodzi, komanso ntchito zina Olympic, yodziwika ndi chosowa chachikulu cha ndalama.

Olympic malonda bwino komanso mapeto a mapangano pa wailesi Olympic walola kuti gulu kupereka mwai kuthandiza pa NOCs lililonse mkombero Olympic quadrennial.

Mayiko Olympic Sports Federations (IFs)

IOC panopa gwero lalikulu kwambiri ndalama kuchuluka kwa IFs, ngati chopereka chake kwa ndalama ya gulu lonse MSF amathandiza mu chitukuko cha masewera ziwalo lonse. IOC amapereka chithandizo, kuyambira ndi IFs 28 masewera Olympic yotentha ndi kutha 7 IFs la masewera yozizira Olympic (chikuyambira, motero, nditamaliza kayendedwe ka yotsatira ya chilimwe ndi chisanu Games Olympic). The likukulirakulira mtengo wa Olympic Kuwulutsa mgwirizano walola IOC kuti zayamba kuwonjezera thandizo la ndalama kwa IFs ndi aliyense motsatizana Games.

mabungwe ena

gulu umalimbikitsa nawo revenues zake mapulogalamu a anazindikira magulu osiyanasiyana padziko lonse masewera, kuphatikizapo la International Paralympic Committee ndi World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada). Nthawi zambiri ntchito mbali imodzi Koma izo zimachitika ndi mikangano. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyana Wada ndi IOC pa kuvomera gulu Russian pa masewero a Olympic-2016 (ichi tikambirana m'munsimu).

othandizira

IOC ali ambiri amene amapereka chithandizo, amenenso kupereka Inter zina zotere, zina ndalama bungwe. Mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndi:

• "Koka-Cola";
• "Bridgestone";
• "General Zamagetsi";
• "McDonald ndi";
• "Panasonic";
• "Procter & njuga";
• "Samsung";
• "Toyota";
• "Visa".

Gawo la zothandizira amachokera thandizo la Makomiti a National Olympic.

Malo wa 1976 Olympic

Poyamba kusunga 1976 Olympic ankanena mizinda zotsatirazi:

1. Denver, Colorado, USA.

2. Ziyoni, Switzerland.

3. Tampere, Finland.

4. Vancouver, Canada.

Poyamba, mzinda wa Games anasankhidwa Denver May 12, 1970. Komabe, kukwera mtengo ndi nkhawa za mavuto pa chilengedwe (akuchuluka za moyo wake nthawi 3) zinachititsa kuti chakuti November 7, 1972 anthu a boma kuti anavotera kuti waive ndi Games, chifukwa mukatero chofunika chomangira nkhani kuchuluka kwa $ 5 miliyoni kwa ndalama kwa ndalama za boma.

Denver ali mwalamulo anakana November 15, ndi Committee ndiye akufuna masewero mu Whistler (British Columbia, Canada), koma iwo anakana chifukwa cha kusintha kwa boma pambuyo chisankho.

Salt Lake City (Utah) mu 1972 anadzipereka yekha monga chigulu kuthekera kwa Games atakana kulowa Denver (mapeto, monga ife tikudziwa, iwo anatenga Games mu 2002). The International Olympic Committee, akadali kulimbana kulephera kwa Denver, ndinasankha Innsbruck (Austria) kwa Zima Games Olympic mu 1976. Pamaso kuti Innsbruck ali ndinkakhala nalo pa 1964 Zima Games Olympic.

Milandu ndi Games Olympic 2002 ku Salt Lake City

Kumuyalutsa December 10, 1998, pamene membala Swiss wa bungwe Marc Hodler, mutu wa bungwe lotsogolera kuyang'anira gulu la Olympic Games-2002 analengeza kuti anthu angapo IOC anatenga ziphuphu. Posakhalitsa, anayi zofufuza palokha sanatsatiridwe ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana kuti: IOC, ndi USOC, dipatimenti ya Chilungamo.

Pamaso kufufuza mabwana Oxley Welch ndi Johnson anatsanzika. Ambiri anthu ena a IOC posakhalitsa Yesu. Utumiki wa chilungamo akadandaule atsogoleri milandu: iwo ankafuna kupereka aliyense wa zaka khumi ndi zisanu pa milandu ya ziphuphu ndi katangale. Johnson ndi Welch kenako mlanduwo milandu yonse wachifwamba December 2003.

Chifukwa cha kufufuza za mamembala khumi IOC anathamangitsidwa ndi wina khumi pansi ziletso zosiyanasiyana. Zinali kupatulapo woyamba kapena imposition wa ziletso ziphuphu zoposa zaka zana kuli Komiti. Ngakhale kanthu mosamalitsa oletsedwa chidachitika, ankaona kuti kuchita ziphuphu anali zokayikitsa mwamakhalidwe. malamulo okhwima anatengedwa ntchito m'tsogolo, ndi kusonyeza anthu ambiri IOC angalandire bids m'maseŵera.

zotsutsana ena

Mu 2006, malinga ndi lipoti la mkulu wa Nagano (Japan), mamilioni a madola asonyezedwa Olimpiki, wakhala anakhala mu mawonekedwe a "mlingo oletsedwa ndi kumwetsa alendo" anthu a Komiti, kuphatikizapo $ miliyoni 4.4 wa iwo zosangalatsa. Pambuyo kufufuzidwa ndi kuchotsedwa angapo a Member States.

magulu ambiri padziko lonse ankatsutsa Olympic ku Beijing, tisachite zimenezo chifukwa chakuti m'dzikoli kuyan'anila zambiri ufulu wa anthu. About amanena izi unachitikira mlandu zambiri, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi mawu kuti Games Olympic 2008 udzachitike mu Beijing.

Mu 2010, International Olympic Committee anali kupereka ndi mphoto wapadera. Iwo amaitcha kuti ndi "zonyansa" mabungwe koipa makampani padziko lonse.

Pamaso pa chiyambi cha Games Olympic mu 2012, Komiti anaganiza kuti asakhale miniti chete kulemekeza kukumbukira 11 Olympians Israeli amene anaphedwa mu Munich Olympic zaka 40 zapitazo. Zhak Rogge pulezidenti IOC pa nthawi, anati zidzakhala "zosayenera" kuchita izo, chimene chinapangitsa lonse kumveka anthu.

doping kumuyalutsa

Komanso, chifukwa cha doping kumuyalutsa odziwika bwino mu July 2016 pa zotsatira za maphunziro a World Anti-Doping Association, ripoti la wophunzira American mtolankhani McLaren, komanso zochitidwa ndi Sports chigamulo Court, IOC kusankha timu Russian mitundu pafupifupi inachotsedwa Games Olympic ku Rio de -Zhaneyro. IOC msonkhano ku Lausanne anatsirizira kukumana ndi mavuto kwa chikuonetseratu a ku Russia pa masewero a Olympic ndi akatswiri onse anachotsedwa gulu lonse, onse amene anatenga wogulitsa zozunguza ubongo, ndipo anthu amene anali kuchita zinthu zonsezi.