Ndi zausilikali ndi ndani? Izi ndi mtendere, membala wa gulu mtendere padziko lonse

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana, anthu avutika chiwawa ndi nkhondo. Kudzera mbiri ya mandawa zapita "aneneri" amene ankalimbikitsa bata ndi mtendere. Lerolino, ankhondo a mtendere ndi kuwala lotchedwa odana ndi nkhondo.

Malingaliro a "zausilikali" ndi "pacifism"

Mawu "pacifism" ali mizu Latin ndipo limatanthauza "mtendere", "onyamula dziko." Mfundo imeneyi anafotokoza malingaliro, kayendedwe chikhalidwe ndi nzeru, cholinga wamba amene ali polimbana chiwawa, kukhazikitsidwa mtendere, kupewa nkhondo ndi kuphana. Nthawi zambiri merges ndi gulu antimilitarist ndi mavuto odana imperialist, monga iwo ali nawo wamba mizu maganizo a si nkhanza munthu.

Zausilikali - nawo, kutsatira za kayendedwe mtendere. Munthu amene imalimbikitsa okwana Kupha chiwawa, liwulo ngati chodabwitsa chiwerewere. nkhondo zausilikali ndipo sanali zachiwawa njira: Zionetsero mtendere, manifestos, kufika kukondera mwa zokambirana.

Chiyambi cha pacifism

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "zausilikali" analandira tanthauzo sayansi kokha m'zaka za m'ma XIX, koma ndi chiyambi cha anthu pakhala nkhondo pakati pa mphamvu zabwino ndi zoipa.

Akukhulupirira kuti maziko a pacifism, kumene anabadwira, ndi Chibuda. Izi achipembedzo nthanthi chiphunzitso chiphunzitso ndi sanali chiwawa ndi coexistence mtendere wa anthu onse. Siddhartha Gautama - woyambitsa wa Chibuda, ndipotu woyamba kudziwika zausilikali. Iye akadali mu BC VI atumwi. e. Iye ankalimbikitsa kuunikiridwa ndi kudzutsidwa kwauzimu kudzera chitukuko cha maganizo ndi mtima.

yachitika mbiri ya gulu mtendere

Komanso Baton odana ndi nkhondo anatenga Akristu oyambirira. Mu BC II atumwi. e. iwo anakana kuchita usilikali, kuti kuchita nkhondo ndi kupha anthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri anaphedwa, koma mbiri yakale umboni wa stoicism awo zosaneneka ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Khristu.

Pacifism flinch pamene Akristu anatengako lingaliro la "chabe" nkhondo. Chikhristu waphunzitsa kuti nkhondo yomenyera ndi kulimbana ndi mdani ndi zopatulika. Koma analumbira konse kupita ku nkhondo yoyamba, sapita ku chiwawa motsutsa unarmed, kukwezeletsa "mtendere wa Mulungu" padziko lonse.

Mu XVI-XVII zaka Europe kusesa nkhondo zachipembedzo. Zinali Katolika, pamene dziko wosakwatira unagawidwa angapo mipingo dziko. Zimenezi anali losakanizika zotsatira mbiri: mwazi nkhanza spawned kwambiri kayendedwe odana ndi nkhondo kudutsa ku Ulaya. nthumwi zake kwambiri anali dzina lake Aleksandr Mak, Dzhordzh Foks, Grebel, Marpek, Simons Erazm Rotterdamsky.

The Napoleonic Nkhondo anali kutsogolera kwa zikamera wa yoweyula wotsatira wa pacifism. Unachitikira zitsanzo odana ndi nkhondo, congresses lonse, odana ndi nkhondo akufuna amaletsa kanthu nkhondo kungafooketse mitundu yonse ndi mikangano mayiko kuthetsedwa mu khoti.

Mu Russia, ndi zausilikali wotchuka anakhalako zaka za m'ma XIX. Iwo - L. N. Tolstoy. ntchito zake kuti lidzasintha mtendere wa anthu ndi wa n'zosatheka kusintha chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zachiwawa adzipangira chopereka zikuluzikulu malingaliro a pacifism.

mbendera zausilikali

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, omwe anapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, pacifism wasanduka mfundo otchuka kwambiri. Mu mutu wa chitukuko cha anthu mfundo zausilikali wa umunthu, ulemu ndi ufulu wa munthu. Tsopano zausilikali - si mtsogoleri wosakwatiwa, yemwe amaseweretsa kwa mtendere padziko lonse, komanso membala wa Mipikisano miliyoni dola bungwe lomwe lili chiphunzitso chake, maofesi ndi maudindo lonse.

Mu 1958, chizindikiro odana ndi nkhondo yake anatenga chizindikiro, omwe anakhala maziko a rune Algiz. Tanthauzo chikhalidwe - chitetezo chikumbumtima kuyesetsa oposa. Mu mawonekedwe kukalowa izo akufanana ndi mtengo mizu mu dziko, kusonyeza chinsinsi cha chidziwitso ndi nzeru wakale.

chizindikiro pa anthu odana ndi nkhondo amasonyeza mbendera zawo akuulukauluka manja a zionetserowo mu misonkhano odana nyukiliya ndipo pa ofesi ya zokometsera dziko.