Schelling Awatu

nzeru Schelling, amene anayamba nthawi yomweyo anatsutsa lingaliro la kuloŵedwa m'malo ake, Fichte, ndi lathunthu zochitika wopangidwa mwa magawo atatu - ongolankhula, othandiza komanso kuphunzira zamulungu ndi luso losiyanasiyana. Woyamba woganiza bwinobwino vuto la mmene kubweretsa chinthu ku phunziro. Lachiwiri - ubale pakati pa ufulu ndi zosowa za ntchito amazindikira kukomoka. Ndipo potsiriza, wachitatu - amaona luso ngati chida ndipo kumalizidwa kwa dongosolo lililonse aumunthu. Choncho, tikambirana pano mfundo zikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso chake ndi nthawi ya chitukuko ndi kutchukitsa maganizo waukulu. The nzeru za Fichte ndi Schelling unali wofunika kwambiri kwa Dongosolo la Romanticism, ndi German mzimu dziko, ndipo kenako anachita mbali yaikulu mu zosayembekezereka wa existentialism.

kuyambira pa msewu

Tsogolo wanzeru nthumwi chakale ganizo Germany anabadwa mu 1774 mu m'busa banja. Iye maphunziro University of Jena. The French kuukira boma amasangalala kwambiri nzeru zapamwamba m'tsogolo, chifukwa anaona kuti gulu patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi Kumasuka anthu. Komabe, chidwi ndale chi sichinali chinthu chachikulu pa moyo, zimene zinachititsa Schelling. Nzeru zomwe wakhala chilakolako. chidwi wake mu kutsutsana mu chiphunzitso cha nzeru za sayansi chi, ndicho kusiyana ziphunzitso Kant akutsindika mfundo yakuti subjectivity, ndi Newton, amene adawona phunziro lalikulu sayansi dzina chinthu. Schelling akuyamba kufunafuna umodzi wa dziko. Khalidwe limeneli umadutsa onsewo ndi machitidwe aumunthu.

nthawi yoyamba

Development ndi Schelling dongosolo lopinda akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo angapo. Loyamba zoyenera nzeru achilengedwe. Chiyembekezo kuti wapweteka woganiza German mu nthawi ino, ananena m'buku lake "Mfundo nzeru za chilengedwe." Kumeneko, iye anafotokoza anapeza mbiri chi achilengedwe. Ntchito yomweyo iye anadzudzula Fichte. Nature si mfundo kukwaniritsidwa kwa chodabwitsa monga "Ine". Ndi wodziimira chilli osati ndimangoona ndipo anayamba malinga ndi mfundo za teleology. Ndiko kuti, amanyamula mwa wokha nyongolosi ya "Ine", limene "limakula" kunja, ngati khutu la chimanga. Nthawi imeneyi, nzeru Schelling anakhala zina mfundo dialectical. Pakati pa zotsutsana ( "polars") ali muyezo wina ndi kusiyana iwo akhoza ankawachotsera. Chitsanzo cha Schelling ukutchulidwa mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera sipangakhalenso akunena za ndi gulu lina. Lililonse gulu amachokera zotsutsana, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi chitukuko cha Soul dziko.

The nzeru za chomwe transcendental

Kuphunzira chikhalidwe Schelling anakankhira maganizo ngakhale kwakukulu kwambiri. Iye analemba ntchito lotchedwa "transcendental chomwe System" imene akubwerera kupendanso lingaliro la chikhalidwe cha Fichte ndi "Ine". Ndani wa zinthuzo zimene tiyenera kuziganizira kwambiri? Ngati ife zichokera nzeru za chilengedwe, ndiye chirengedwe zikuwoneka. Ngati ife ayambe udindo m'maganizo, chachikulu ayenera kuonedwa kuti "Ine". Apa Schelling makamaka yeniyeni. Ndipotu zoona, kuti ndi chikhalidwe? Ife timachitcha tikukhala. Ndiko kuti, "Ine" amalenga yokha, maganizo, nzeru, ndikuganiza. Dziko lonse, kupatukana yekha. "Ine" ntchito za luso ndi sayansi. Choncho, n'zomveka kuganiza ndi otsika. Iwo - mankhwala chifukwa, komanso chikhalidwe, tikuona kuda ndi zomveka. Chinthu chachikulu tili - ndithu. Izo zimandipangitsa kukhala ndi luntha ndi chikhalidwe. Ntchito apamwamba mu "Ine" ndi mfundo za yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale aluntha.

Kuthana ndi kutsutsana pa nkhani ndi chinthu

Koma onse udindo pamwamba sanakhutire ndi woganiza, ndipo anapitiriza kukhala ndi zikhulupiriro zake. Siteji yotsatira ntchito ya sayansi amakhala ndi ntchito "Ulaliki wa dongosolo wanga wa nzeru." Zanenedwa kuti paralellizm alipo mchiphunzitso cha chidziwitso (ndi "nkhani chinthu"), anali mmodzi amene amatsutsa ndi Schelling. art nzeru ankaoneka chitsanzo kwa iye. A chiphunzitso panopa kudziwa chiyani kukomana naye iye. Monga zinthu kuima kwenikweni? Cholinga cha luso si abwino, koma chizindikiro cha phunziro ndi chinthu. Choncho tiyenera kukhala mu nzeru. Pa mfundo imeneyi, zimamanga mfundo zake za umodzi.

nzeru Schelling Pawokha

Kodi ndi mavuto a ganizo la makono chiyani? Mu makamaka tikulimbana ndi wa nzeru chinthu. Mu ntchito dongosolo lawo, monga analozera ndi Aristotle, "A = A". Koma mu nzeru za nkhani zosiyana. Ndipo pakhoza kukhala wolingana B, ndi mosemphanitsa. Izi zidalira pa zimene zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kuphatikiza zonse kachitidwe, m'pofunika kuti mfundo kumene zonse ali chimodzimodzi. Choncho poyambira wa nzeru za Schelling amaona Mtheradi Mind. Ndi mmene mzimu ndi chikhalidwe. Bwaloli ina ya osalabadira (izo zonse polarity yomweyo). Philosophy akhale ngati "Organon" - chida wa Mtheradi Mind. Yotsirizira ndi Palibe ndi potency inasanduka chinachake, ndi kuthira ndi kulenga, pa chilengedwe wosweka. Choncho, chikhalidwe zomveka ali moyo, ndi ambiri, ndi mantha mindset.

Mu nthawi yomalizira ya moyo wake Schelling anayamba kufufuza chodabwitsa kanthu mtheradi. Ndi, maganizo ake, poyamba anali pa umodzi wa mzimu ndi chikhalidwe. Izi latsopano nzeru Schelling akhoza mwachidule anafotokoza motere. Mu Palibe akhale zinthu ziwiri - Mulungu ndi phompho. Schelling limautcha otengedwa Eckhart akuti Ungrunt. Bezdna malingaliro zopanda nzeru, ndipo chimatsogolera ku mchitidwe wa "imfa" kulekana anayamba kukhazikitsa chilengedwe. Ndiye chikhalidwe, kukhala ndi kumasuka potency wake, malingaliro amalenga. apogee ake ndi nzeru zaumunthu maganizo ndi luso. Ndipo iwo angathandize munthu abwerere kwa Mulungu.

The nzeru za vumbulutso

Ichi ndi vuto lina lomwe waika Schelling. nzeru German Komabe, ngati mchitidwe uliwonse waukulu wa ganizo ku Ulaya, ndi chitsanzo cha "Panopo negative." Kuwatsatira, sayansi investigates zoona, ndipo iwo ali akufa. Koma palinso osangalala - nzeru kwa vumbulutso kumvetsa zimene chikumbumtima Mind. Atafika mapeto, iye adzavutika choonadi. Ndi amakhala a Mulungu. Ndipo kodi inu kufungatira nzeru za Mtheradi? Mulungu, monga Schelling, ali wopandamalire, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, mwina zochepa, monga mwa mawonekedwe anthu. Kotero Khristu. Popeza kuti maganizo pa mapeto a moyo, woganiza, anayamba kutsutsa mfundo za m'Baibulo, Iye acemera unyamata wake.

Schelling Awatu

Kukhala ananena Choncho nthawi mu chitukuko cha mfundo za nzeru zapamwamba German, tingapeze mfundo zotsatirazi. Schelling ankamuona ngati njira yaikulu ya chidziwitso ndi amalingalira kwenikweni ananyalanyaza chifukwa. Iye anatsutsa maganizo zochokera empiricism. Chakale German nzeru Schelling ankakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha chidziwitso wazotsatira ndi lamulo. A maganizo lolingana ongolankhula amasonyeza mfundo. nzeru Natural loposa cognition wazotsatira. Lilili isanafike kuganiza kulikonse ongolankhula. Mfundo amafotokoza ndi umodzi wa chamoyo ndi mzimu. Nkhani - osati kuti zina, chifukwa cha zochita za Mtheradi Mind. Choncho, chikhalidwe ndi mu muyezo. sankamudziwa - ndi mfundo za kukhalako kwa dziko, ndi Schelling anafunsa funso m'mene anakhala zotheka kumvetsa.