Ndi zida mafakitale ndi chiyani? zipangizo zamakono ndi kufufuza

Khalidwe chobalidwa makamaka anatsimikiza mwa kupanga ake. Mu gawo la zomangamanga ndi zofunika makamaka makhalidwe luso zida makina ndi zipangizo ofanana, amene amagwira ntchito mu ndondomeko chithandizo, khamu ndi kupeza katundu. Komanso mbali yofunika, mwa mawu a khalidwe zotsatira za, kusewera tooling, umene uli wonse osiyanasiyana Chalk mayunitsi yake yaikulu yopanga.

General mudziwe tooling

Mu gulu la zida mafakitale zikuphatikizapo ngati zida palokha, ndipo anamanga-mu zigawo zikuluzikulu, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa ntchito njira yopanga. Pankhani mayunitsi munthu, nawonso zimathandiza makhalidwe a mzere ayi, popanda kulankhula mwachindunji ndi ubongo wake. Tsopano m'pofunika kuganizira zomwe zimagwira ntchito akutsatiridwa zipangizo zamakono kapena monga mbali ya zovuta mafakitale. Zolinga zikuluzikulu kukhalabe muyezo amasokoneza, kuchuluka kwa mabuku kupanga kuchepetsa ndi mphenzi cha anthu ogwira ntchito ntchito, ndi zina zotero. D. Kodi akwaniritsa zolinga izi kudzera kukhazikitsa aluso ntchito kukonzekera mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zida, patsogolo mwayi zamakono zipangizo makina, kuchepetsa processing nthawi akusowekapo ndi likuvutika patsogolo zina ndondomeko kupanga.

mitundu ya zida

Kudulidwa yaikulu ya tooling anapanga pamaziko a kopita. Makamaka, pali ulamuliro, msonkhano, zipangizo za makina, fasteners ndi zida hardware wa membala ikuyenda. Control casing akutumikira monga wothandiza chigawo chimodzi pa siteji ya auditing mankhwala chopangidwa kugwilizana ndi mfundo. Jigs Kuonjezera cangu Kamangidwe anamaliza zinthu mu dongosolo unitary, kapena chipangizo zovuta. Komabe, ambiri stanochnaja tooling, pamaso amene amakhudza kuukitsidwa kwa makhalidwe ena a mankhwala wachotsedwa - mwachitsanzo, mphamvu, kuvala kukana kapena durability wodziwika ndi. fasteners zina, nayenso bwino fixation njira ya akusowekapo panthaŵi mankhwala kapena kuyenda mwa malo yopanga. Choncho, ndi mchitidwe umene umayenda tooling logistic zomangamanga ndi udindo wokhazikika ndi lolondola yotumiza katundu pamodzi ndi conveyor amodzi.

zida zokha

Choyamba chithunzithunzi ntchito anatumizidwa makamaka njira luso chifukwa chochita Buku. Ndiye anadza waphindu ndi zipatso makina Anzawo. Pa gawo lino la chitukuko cha njira chithunzithunzi ntchito zokha kunadetsa anapatsidwa. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti gwero galimoto zokha ndi zipangizo zofunika, pa mfundo yomweyi ya kulamulira ndi mayunitsi waukulu. Pa tooling chomwecho ungatithandizire pa chitsanzo zimagwira ndi mode theka-zodziwikiratu. Zikatero, ndi pang'ono makina ulamuliro mfundo kudziŵidwa. Chifukwa chaichi, hayidiroliki kapena actuators pneumatic. mwanjira ina, koma pafupifupi makampani zamakono zonse zikukangalika kusuntha kapena kale kugwiritsa ntchito basi lingaliro kulamulira.

Yopanga tooling kapangidwe

The ndondomeko kukhala ndi luso kapangidwe njira kupanga a mtundu winawake wa anasonyeza kumaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo. Mu gawo loyamba anatsimikiza ndi sipekitiramu ntchito ntchito amafotokozera, kenako makhalidwe ake mopitirira mu nkhani za kusakanikirana mu ndondomeko yeniyeni kupanga. Apa tisaiwale kuti pali mfundo imene opangidwa chigawo chimodzi makamaka, koma zosiyanasiyana zida chopangidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kumachititsa koyenera kukhala wapadera zipangizo khalidwe. Pa siteji kapangidwe waukulu ikukhudza chilengedwe cha opanga kupanga tooling ndi msonkhano wadera mchitidwe malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha processing chandamale ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo kupanga akonzedwa a akatswiri amafuna zipangizo, amene akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chipangizo. Pankhaniyi, mlengi ayenera kuganizira zinthu opaleshoni zida ndi limatchula za ntchito yake yomweyo.

Tooling Kupanga katundu

Childs, ndondomeko kupanga kwa zinthu chithunzithunzi zachokera ntchito tizilombo ta makamaka ndi mitundu kuponyera, moti kupanga siriyo. Kachiwiri, ntchito ndi zipangizo sanali muyezo akhoza payekha cholinga ndi mtundu wa magawo enieni akufotokozera polojekiti. Inde, kutchukitsa zida zamakono sikuthetsa kumeneko. Kenako kutsatira chitsanzo cha mphero, kutembenuzira ndi kutentha mankhwala, kulola kuti abweretse preform ndi mkhalidwe chofunika opaleshoni.

The Russian Mlengi wa mtundu wa zida nawo mabizinezi ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tooling fakitale Yaroslavl (YAZTO) ndi chinkhoswe mu ulimi wa zimagwira kutchukitsa ndi kulekanitsa akamwalira, zomwe zimachititsa kuphatikizapo mankhwala lalikulu-kakulidwe. Komanso umenewu zimachitikadi Moscow kampani "Elton", Belgorod ogwira "mungoli" ndi ntchito zina zambiri, njira imodzi kapena wina olumikizidwa ndi chitsulo ntchito.

Pomaliza

Nthawi zambiri ntchito pa kukhazikitsa luso zida kupanga ndalama kwambiri kuchuluka. Ndipo palokha ndi zida mafakitale zinthu apamwamba zokha akhoza kukhala pafupifupi theka la mtengo wa zida zonse pa mbewu. Koma kumapeto limasonyeza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira ali ndi zifukwa zomveka. Komanso, zomera ndi zida cholowa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi njira yokhayo kusintha khalidwe mankhwala.