A turbofan injini PD 14 specifications, mayeso Yerekezerani ntchito

Pakali pano, makampani zoweta ndege zili mtundu wa "Limbo" amati: pa dzanja limodzi, ndi pa zina - palibe ndege zamakono mwangwiro zoweta chitukuko pa zaka zapitazi, sitinazione. Ndipo "Super ndege" Kodi si zoona, popeza ku Russia - yekha "screwdriver msonkhano". Chiyembekezo cha makampani ndege ndi evocation wa PD 14 makhalidwe injini (poyerekeza ndi analogues) zomwe kuwalola kuitana zabwino zisakuyenda bwino.

The Madivelopa ndikuyembekeza kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa galimoto latsopano Impact yabwino kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha lonse zoweta makampani ndege ndi azipereka kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito zambiri latsopano.

Polojekiti yatsopanoyi

Kodi zambiri analenga latsopano injini PD 14? Features (Poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo yachilendo) ano Russian injini kwambiri moti Zinkafunikiradi kukhala chinachake ukasintha latsopano. okonza The ankatsogoleredwa ndi lingaliro la kulenga magetsi, amene apitiriza kukhala ndi kupanga ndege zawo ndi mphamvu mipando 130 mpaka 180. Yekha galimoto mu kalasi ake ndi kwathunthu Russian chiyambi - Lachiwiri-214. kupanga ake mu magulu ang'ono akupitiriza lero.

Koma izi ndege mwadzidzidzi sikokwanira, tiyenera zida kusintha zombo lonse la dziko. Koma kuchita zimenezi popanda injini zatsopano - mwamtheradi zosatheka. Pakuti specifications luso ndi mphamvu si kodi sataya anzawo ku opanga chitsogozo cha dziko.

Ambiri, chifukwa cha Chiyukireniya zochitika ndi chotupa wathunthu ubale mu gawo mafakitale a m'mayiko awiriwa posachedwapa, wautali kwambiri tanthauzo injini PD 14 (specifications, kufanizira - m'nkhani ino) ndi mu mawonekedwe a chitsitsimutso wodzala ndi kapangidwe ndi kupanga injini mafuta chopangira mphamvu mu dziko lathu. Komanso, mu njira ya dongosolo lake kukhazikitsidwa kuthetsa mavuto zikuluzikulu:

• Complete kukonzanso kwa makampani yapachiweniweni ndege ndi reallocating maudindo ndi okhudzidwa mu ntchito ya osewera atsopano.
• Ndiyeno, zakonzedwa kugawanitsa madera a udindo ndi kukonzanso kudzetsa kugawinikana ntchito m'munda wa kupanga mankhwala ndege, amene anali inawonongedwa pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa Soviet Union.
• Komanso, ndiAmene ntchito akudalira pa chitukuko cha zida zatsopano polymeric ndi gulu, amene zoipa zofunika Azamlengalenga makampani ano.

Mmene onse anayamba?

Maganizo oti dziko panopa akufunikira latsopano injini ndege, anabadwa mu kuya kwa "ndege Engine", pamene mpweya chinali chiyambi cha 2000. Nthawi pamene kunali kovuta, koma chifukwa mu zenizeni polojekitiyi, ochepa anakhulupirira.

Koma gulu la akatswiri mu nthawi izi mwatcheru ndi purposefully anaphunzira zimene zinachitikira dziko kupanga injini, komanso kudziwa msika wa magalimoto zoweta, kuyesera kulosera zimene mtundu galimoto makampani yapachiweniweni ndege zikufunika mkulu. Kodi kwenikweni ayenera allocated injini PD 14? Features (kuyerekeza ndi kusiyana) ndi zitsanzo yachilendo anangofunikira awulule ukulu wake chizindikiro.

Chifukwa chiyani? Ndi yosavuta. Masiku amenewo, mankhwala a opanga ndege ena "kukankha" malonda athu ndi njira aukali kwambiri. Kalanga, palibe pang'ono chinathandiza iyi, ena Ngopambana. Lero, chifukwa ziletso pa, vuto si choncho zogwirizana. Komanso, boma lokha "mwadzidzidzi" anachita chidwi mu kuthekera kwa kupanga zoweta injini. Choncho kampani ya "ndege Engine" Ndiyeno mwamsanga anatembenuka cholinga cha TV zoweta ndi achilendo.

Zolinga zikuluzikulu za polojekiti

Ntchito yaikulu pa nthawi anali kupereka ndalama zovomerezeka, amene adzakhala mankhwala zinayamba kugula mwachangu. Zinali ndiye kuti mfundo kulenga wogwirizana ndi chilengedwe mpweya jenereta. Ngati zinayenda bwino, ndiye dziko lathu adzatha akhazikitsa mndandanda yaikulu yekha zida zake mafakitale, amene sakhoza koma kondwerani.

ndi injini turbofan, mfundo zimene

Kodi kumvetsa bwino ubwino operekedwa ndi latsopano injini turbofan? Mfundo ntchito injini onse ofanana ndi ofanana, koma chifukwa nkhaniyo amfunsefunse mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa mukatero chodziwikiratu kumvetsa ubwino umisiri watsopano.

Turbofan mu mabuku anatchula injini ndi mkulu kulambalala chiŵerengero. The amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa awiri zimakupiza lalikulu, womwe umadutsa injini nthawi buku lalikulu kwambiri za mlengalenga. Chifukwa chachikulu cha mbali ya injini nozzle akunja kawirikawiri kwambiri "yaikulu", koma chifukwa adzafupikitsidwa. Kuti kotero kuti palibe chiopsezo mpweya kugwedezekagwedezeka mu kamangidwe zikuphatikizapo vanes, amene kutembenukira otaya mpweya wa osakaniza motsogozedwa ankafuna.

Choncho, pamaziko a zochita zake zikufanana kwambiri injini chida, koma otaya kusakaniza iwo pafupifupi mwaonapo. The ntchito injini turbofan ndi kuti ndege exiting ku chida "chitoliro", mu nkhani iyi, ndi kukolezera zina amanena, omwe ndi amphamvu gwero la adaponya. Kuti umabala zosachepera 70-80% ya samatha okwana. Choncho, ndege injini PD 14 ndi ndalama kwambiri. The mizere lamkati la injini pafupifupi mwathunthu akubwereza mamangidwe a zanyengo roketi, koma m'mbuyomu awo "osakaniza" zingathandize zimakupiza-ceni.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Mofanana ndi zonse "abale" ndege injini PD-14 mbali zonse zabwino ndi zoipa. Mwa mphamvu yake monga dzuwa mkulu, zimene zimapangitsa ntchito kwambiri zomera ndi mphamvu ngakhale pa maulendo wautali kwambiri kuposa.

Kodi iye amakhala ndi khalidwe? Zofunika kwambiri - chachikulu kwambiri ndi kulemera yabwino. Anayesetsa kwambiri la akatswiri ndi asayansi, injini turbofan kupereka kukana kwambiri kwa Mpweya chimadza pa ndege. Amaganiza kuti vuto limeneli lingathetsedwe pamene pali njira zothetsera miyeso yawo yonse.

kusiyana poyerekeza

The watsopano turbofan injini, mfundo ya omwe ndi ofanana ndi "chakale" kwa zitsanzo za m'banja, koma osiyana kwambiri ndi akapolo anzawo akale. Kumene, kusiyana "ndi diso" looneka kokha kwa akatswiri. Ngati mukuziyenereza ndi chitsanzo cha PS-90A (IL 96, Lachiwiri-214, Il-76), ndi nthawi yomweyo noticeable, Musawope mawu, tumphatumpha Mkhalidwe mu ndondomeko sayansi ndi mwayi.

Kulambalala chiŵerengero kuchuluka ndendende kawiri, kutentha mpweya pa khomo la chopangira mphamvu yomweyo kuchuluka kwa 100 K, mlingo okwana psinjika (m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana) chinawonjezeka ndi 20-50%. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu tatchulawa a injini m'banja latsopano ndege injini PD 14 limakupatsani kupulumutsa mafuta osachepera 12-16% kwambiri.

kulemera ndalama

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu zoweta ndege yapachiweniweni luso injini kapangidwe ntchito yopanga masamba dzenje chopangira mphamvu ya mkulu-mphamvu kasakaniza wazitsulo titaniyamu.

Ichi chimapereka kulemera kusunga 30% okwana latsopano ndege injini PD 14 ndi ntchito pafupifupi 10%. Komanso pa Perm Njinga Chomera tsopano katswiri luso yopanga masamba chopangira mphamvu osakwatiwa-galasi ntchito. Akuti njira imeneyi adzalola kuukitsa opaleshoni kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka 2000 K.

Komanso, opanga woyamba m'banja mapulani komanso kupanga injini akupita ntchito kuchuluka kwa zipangizo polima gulu. Ndi njira zimenezi osati kwambiri amachepetsa injini kulemera komanso kuonjezera mphamvu yake ndi kukana kuti overloads.

Phindu la galimoto latsopano

Monga tidanena pachiyambi penipeni pa nkhani yakuti, simungathe kulenga ndege zatsopano, osati zatsopano chisanadze cursors. Ndi zamakono zonse pang'onopang'ono kusintha: mayeso injini PD 14 mu mawonekedwe a State posachedwapa kuyamba afufuze ... Nanga magalimoto akhale okonzeka nawo?

Amaganiza kuti makamaka Motors zimenezi analenga MS 21 ndege (thunthu m'ma 21). Ngati izi zikuchitika kuti akuyendera, ndiye ife tikhoza kulankhula za yojambula kwenikweni, nthawi yoyamba Soviet Union mu dziko lathu lino kuti kwenikweni analenga zinthu zatsopano. Chofunika kwambiri, ndi Russian injini PD 14 adzalenga wonse osiyanasiyana ndege yatsopano cholinga kuchita monga flights wautali kwambiri kuposa ndi kukafikako mizere mkati. Mpaka posachedwapa, aliyense ananena kuti ndege Russian kukhala okonzeka yekha ndi injini kunja. Today anasonyeza kuti ndi mwayi ayi.

Kodi makina muti Adzapeleka zida?

Kale lero zikuonekeratu kuti latsopano logwirizana galimoto kapangidwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito bwinobwino osati galimotolo komanso pa ndege zoyendera. Popeza akufunitsitsa monga mmene matani 14, chitsanzo ichi angathe kuikidwa pa MS-21-200 / 300/400. Ndithudi iwo adzaloledwe kumaliza IL 76 ndi IL-214. Pali zambiri za chiyambi cha chilengedwe cha Baibulo ngakhale wamphamvu kwambiri ndi yaikulu ya matani 18, ndiyo PD-18. Chinali cholinga kuti ntchito pa Lachiwiri-214 ndege IL 96. Ife kukumbutsa kuti onse makina izi zili ndi "oldies" PS-90A.

Komanso kutukula lipoti kale anaganiza, ndi chilengedwe cha Baibulo kuwala kwa injini imeneyi ndi yaikulu ya matani khumi. Tikhoza kuganiza kuti izo ntchito yopanga kuleza "Superjet" kugula injini amene France tsopano palibe mmodzi akufuna. Potsiriza, palinso adzaika wapadera, ndege buku la injini, amene zikakwaniritsidwa ndi wotchuka zoyendera "ng'ombe", iye ndege Mi-26.

Lero, mu kupanga makina amenewa ntchito Chiyukireniya injini D-136. Ngakhale kuwerengetsera kuyambirira kusonyeza kuti amafuna alipo kwa injini amenewo kuposa chotha kubisa ndalama zonse, amene tinasonkhanitsa pa chitukuko cha luso latsopano. Iwo anakonza kulera osachepera 70 biliyoni rubles la ndalama, theka la iwo - kuchokera bajeti feduro. The chochitika yamasika ikusonyeza mmene ntchito imeneyi ndi koyenera kuti dziko.

Chavuta ndi zaka PS90-A?

The injini zatsopano kwa MS 21, PD 14 - mbadwo watsopano Turbo-limbikitse injini. Komanso, mwangwiro yogwirizana ndi zosintha ndi zaka ndege. Choncho waweruzidwa "anamenyela" wa IL 76, ndi wamakono umene kukhala intensively kuyambira chaka chatha, pamene anaika pa injini watsopano umene kuwuluka kuchokera makumi angapo a maola ambiri. Komanso akhoza kuonjezera ndege osiyanasiyana kuchokera makilomita anayi zikwi zisanu, ndi katundu ndi mtunda zingawonjezere makilomita chikwi, ndi mafuta yafupika ndi pafupifupi 14%. Yotsirizira n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa uyamiko kwa Iye, kuchepetsa magalimoto tani katundu mwakamodzi ndi 10%.

Choncho, galimoto yakale, pomwe anatumikira nthawi yawo ntchito ndi anayamba mu USSR mpaka amachita ntchito yake, koma amafuna ano, sanalinso kupsa. Waukulu vuto - mkulu mafuta ndi kuchulukitsa phokoso. Mfundo wakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali, koma njira yowona yokonza zinthu ndi kupanga injini latsopano linapangidwa yokha tsopano. M'pomveka kunena kuti yekha tsopano anali zipangizo zonse zofunikira pa ntchitoyo.

mudziwe Official za patsogolo

Mwalamulo, injini wakhala chitukuko kuyambira 2008, koma kwenikweni yomanga wake wa timu luso opanga anayamba kubwerera mu 1999.

Mu 2012, kwa nthawi yoyamba anasonkhanitsa zonse pachiwonetsero Baibulo. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali tima debugging gasifier kachitidwe, amene anapulumutsa mavuto waukulu okonza. Chibwenzi, nthenda zonse bwinobwino inathetsedwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba injini Perm unayambitsidwa mu m'ma 2012. Pa nthawi yomweyo okonza aona kuti makhalidwe kapangidwe zogwirizana ndi boma yeniyeni ya zochitika, omwe Chilimbikitsidwabe ankakhulupirira kukufunikira atakhala kupanga injini latsopano.

mayesero benchi poyamba anakonza kutha zaka zitatu zapitazo, koma chifukwa mavuto ena pali umboni kuti iwo akukhala gawo lero. Zikuoneka kuti chaka chino adzayamba kuŵeta, ndi kwa chaka Permian azitola osachepera awiri kapena atatu khumi injini latsopano. Ndipo ndi - pang'ono kwambiri, monga aviator zoweta amakhulupirira kuti mitengo panopa ndege ndi 2019, injini ndege ayenera idzachitika mu Titanic mayendedwe - zinthu 200 miyezi 12. Tikukhulupirira kuti makampani zoweta adzatha "kukoka" polojekiti.

Nanga bwanji MS 21?

Pakuti nthawi zambiri choyamba kuyamba ntchito pa ulimi wa ndege yatsopano anayamba kufika pa chiyambi cha chaka chatha. Pakali pano, amadziwika kuti pa Irkutsk ndege chomera kale zinapezedwa kale ndi alumikizana loyamba la yonyamula latsopano zoweta, amene amadziwika pansi pa "zosavomerezeka" dzina Yak-242 mu chilengedwe chawo.

Mapiko a zipangizo wapadera gulu pamodzi Ulyanovsk. Ambiri mwina, kale anafika ku Irkutsk. media zoweta ndi owayimilira kumalo a ntchito, mwamphamvu analonjeza kuti gulu loyamba adzatha kukwera zimenezi m'chilimwe mu mlengalenga. Akuti Mlengi kale olimba 175 Mapangano yomanga ndi kotunga MS 21. Makasitomala ambiri mabungwe akuluakulu, monga ngakhale Sberbank, zipangizo yobereka ndege watsopano kubwereketsa.

Palinso mudziwe kuti akhoza Komanso analamula ndege 100 wa mtundu uwu, umene sangokhala zoweta, komanso omasulira ena, monga makasitomala. Uthenga uwu kwenikweni wapadera, chifukwa nthawi yotsiriza wina anachita chidwi ndi ndege wathu wodutsa panthawi Union.

Kufunika kwa MS 21 ntchito n'chakuti - koyamba ndiponso zoweta ndege, analenga paokha ndipo popanda ntchito chakale Union of nthawi, kuti sakugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu zakunja. Paulendowu younikira ndege yoyamba ya chizindikiro chimenechi adzamasulidwa pokhapokha akamaliza chomaliza cha mitundu yonse ya ndege ndi benchi mayesero, zimene mpaka lero.

anapezazo

Choncho, adzapeza latsopano injini - yojambula weniweni kudutsa mafakitale zoweta, makamaka ndege, boma. Pankhani kufunika Motors, ndi zoopsa. Ali kale zonyamulira zoweta akuti sali amafunitsitsa kwambiri kugula amene anapuma pantchito kunja, ndege, ndi gwero umene uli pafupi wotopa. Koma pamene makampani zoweta sakanakhoza kupereka chilichonse abwino.

Today pali injini ndi ndegeyo. Popeza ndi mkhalidwe wathu amavomereza mwayi kugula kudziko lina, ndipo kukwera kusinthitsa ndalama si kuwonjezera chikoka cha zimenezi. Kotero kuti ntchito national ali ndi mwayi kwambiri. Tikukhulupirira kuti makampani siidzatha ndipo kupezera opanga ndi Chalk zonse zofunikira.