Nduna Yaikulu ya England (UK) ndi ndani? List wa nduna yayikulu ya England (UK)

Monga amadziwika, mu mawonekedwe a boma United Kingdom ndi mafumu malamulo. Komabe, malamulo monga mu dziko lino alibe, ndipo subtleties ambiri Boma ofunitsitsa ndi miyambo zaka zakubadwa. Ngakhale lero mutu wa mfumu British, dziko kwenikweni akuuza nduna yaikulu. Kumene, mfumukazi ali ndi mphamvu pafupifupi mtheradi, koma kuthamanga dziko ndi anthu ena. Za komwe amakhala ndi Nduna British, ndi udindo ndi chimene mphamvu amachita, komanso ena a kanjedza olemekezeka andale, nkoyenera - Patapita m'nkhani ino.

Premiership

Miyambo nduna yaikulu amasankhidwa ndi mfumu. Childs, munthu kusangalala thandizo apamwamba kwa Nyumba ya Commons. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtsogoleri wa chipani ambiri. Nthawi yokhala pa nchito ya Nduna za kumagwirizana ndi nthawi ya ntchito za Nyumba ya Commons, ndi thandizo limene iye anasankhidwa. Nduna ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, imayang'anira ntchito ya boma Mwachidule, ndi - woimira yaikulu ya mfumu ndi mlangizi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nyumba pa 10 mpaka Street ku likulu la Britain - London, poyamba anali ndi mphatso ya Mfumu Robert Walpole - woyamba Nduna ya England. Komabe, iye anakana mphatso zimenezi. Tinagwirizana pa mfundo yakuti chipinda adzakhala mpando woyamba wa atumiki a dziko, ndipo wakhala akukhala pa adiresi kuti atsogoleri ambiri andale, nkoyenera.

British nduna zazikulu, mndandanda wa zomwe ndi opondapo, chifukwa malo pano oyamba ake anatenga anthu 53 mwa 1721, anali mu maphwando osiyana ndi malamulo osiyana. Aliyense wa iwo anali osiyana cha mphamvu ndi anthu awo kukumbukira. Ife kupereka pansipa mudziwe mwachidule za kanjedza kwambiri amene asiya chizindikiro kwambiri mbiri.

Robert Walpole (1676-1745)

Robert Walpole anayamba ntchito yake ndale zikuchokera Nyumba ya Commons, pamene anali ndi zaka 25. Pamene Mfumu George III, mu 1721, anaikidwa Chief Minister ndi pamodzi manenjala wa kachikwamako anthu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, UK wakhala mwambo woika pamalo imeneyi ya udindo wa munthu amene anali pa mutu wa nduna.

Robert Walpole, woyamba Nduna ya England, kuposa zimene wina aliyense wa oloŵa atagwira positi - anatsogolera boma kwa zaka 21.

Uilyam Pitt Wamng'ono (1759-1806)

Iye anagwiritsitsa malo mtumiki woyamba kawiri, kuyambira 1783 mpaka 1801 ndipo kuyambira 1804 mpaka zaka 1806. Uilyam Pitt Wamng'ono - wamng'ono nduna yaikulu ya England, chifukwa iye anali ndi zaka 24 zokha pamene anaikidwa ku positi kwa nthawi yoyamba. Komabe, mantha kwambiri, zomwe iye anayamba kuona kukhala pa helm a boma, kwambiri asokoneza thanzi lake, kuchititsa ntchito anafa wachinyamata.

William Pitt wa Zaka Achinyamata boma United Ufumu zinali zovuta, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyo dziko wataya kulamulira madera ake ku North America, amene anali kungasokoneze chuma. Komanso, kunali koyenera kuchita ulimi French ndi kukhala njira za nkhondo Napoleon. Pitt sanali kokha Mlengi wa coalitions atatu adzatsutsana Napoleon, koma anathandizanso kukhalabe Ireland monga gawo la England.

Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881)

Iye anagwiritsitsa malo mu 1868 ndipo 1874-1880, motero. wandale ameneyu, mu unyamata wake lofalitsidwa mabuku angapo amene amakopeka kwambiri za anthu ena, anasonyeza ndale chomwe pamodzi ndi ntchito boma mlingo wa chidwi ndi mavuto a anthu wamba. Disraeli anakhazikitsa lamulo, malinga ndi zimene mwamuna amene ankagwira ntchito m'mizinda, anatha kutenga nawo mbali mu chisankho. Iye chinkhoswe mu kusintha kwa zinthu ukhondo wa m'midzi ya m'matauni ndi zinthu antchito okhala.

Mu mfundo yachilendo, Benjamin Disraeli komanso akwaniritsa bwino ndithu: pamaso pake Koroleva Viktoriya analandira udindo wa Mfumukazi ya India, ndi United Kingdom inakhala ndi mphamvu ya Suez Canal. Nduna ya England wakale yaikulu, anali kulankhula, zoseketsa kwambiri munthu, ndipo lingaliro lake la nthabwala anauzidwa kuti sanamusiye ngakhale mu mphindi yomaliza ya moyo.

Winston Churchill (1874-1965)

Winston Churchill, amene kholo ndi lodziwika bwino Dzhon Cherchill, Kalonga loyamba Marlborough, kudadziwika dziko la kasamalidwe ake anzeru a United Ufumu panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Komabe, nkhani ya moyo wake wonse mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Monga mwana, wandale tsogolo mwana wopulupudza, zomwe zina kulepheretsa ku kupeza maphunziro zonse. Choncho, anaganiza kuchita zokhudza nkhondo.

Mu 1899, tsogolo Nduna ya England, kutsanzika n'kuyamba ndale, ndipo patatha chaka anasankhidwa yamalamulo. Poyamba Churchill anali ndi maganizo ndiwofatsa, koma mu 1904 analowa chipani cha olekerera, koma osati mpaka muyaya - mu 1924 anabwerera ku mabungwe mabungwe a osafuna kusintha lapansi. Mu 1939, ndiye Minister Choyamba Neville Chamberlain wa Britain Churchill anamuika mutu wa Admiralty, koma mu chaka chamawa, Korol Georg VI anaitanidwa kuti atenge ulamuliro utsogoleri wa boma.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Winston Churchill anali wolemekezeka ndi maganizo amphamvu ndi Nazi ku Germany, kwinaku andale ena ambiri anavomereza kuti n'zotheka mapangano ndi wankhanza wa. Iye wapanga chopereka kwambiri kuti chigonjetso cha Great Britain mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo anasiya malo Nduna pa mapeto ake, ndipo kenako anasankhidwa ndi mawu wachiwiri 1951-1955, motero.

Margaret Tetcher (1925-2013)

Margaret Thatcher, amene anabadwa mu banja la mwini awiri magolosale, ndi sayansi ndi maphunziro, ngakhale ku koleji anachita chidwi ndale. Patatha zaka ziwiri mu zapaderazi, mu 1948, iye anatenga ntchito ndale, ndi pamaso iye anali mwayi wopita boma la Great Britain, iye anali kupita, ndi nduna ya zamaphunziro ndi Science, ndi mtsogoleri wa ndiwofatsa Party.

Popeza 1979, watsopano Nduna ya England - mkazi ndi khalidwe lamphamvu, chimene kenako kwa kutsutsa ake lakuthwa Soviet Union otchedwa "Iron Lady". Komabe, makhalidwe amenewa anamuthandiza kukhala monga Minister Choyamba boma kwa zaka 11. Nthawi zina iye anali kucheza si otchuka kwambiri kusintha kuti Komabe anapereka zotsatira zabwino.

Motsogozedwa ndi Margaret Tetcher ndiwofatsa Party chinapambana chigonjetso kuposa wina, ndipo iye "Iron Lady" anasankhidwa kukhala malo nduna yaikulu katatu, motero zikuwonjezereka kwa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake Earl ya Liverpool, amene anatsogolera boma la Britain kuyambira 1812 mpaka 1827.

David Cameron (b. 1966)

Lero, mtumiki woyamba wa Great Britain David Cameron ndi, amene wandigwira udindo uwu kuyambira 2010. Popeza 2005, - mutu wa ndiwofatsa Party. Titamaliza Oxford University, kumene anaphunzitsidwa zachuma, ndale ndi nzeru, Cameron analandira dipuloma wofiira. ntchito zake zandale inayamba mu 1988 ndi ntchito mu dipatimenti kafukufuku wa ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain. Cameron nthawi zina anali mlangizi kwa Nduna ya Finance, wagwira ntchito ku Unduna wa Mkati, ndipo mpaka anatumikira gulu la abwanamkubwa a makampani akuluakulu TV. Mu 1997 iye anachita nawo chisankho, koma anasankhidwa yekha mu 2001.

Nduna British David Cameron litsatira malo omwe sayenera anawonjezera kusakanikirana dziko ndi European Union, ndi pa nkhondo mu Georgia mu 2008, anati akufuna kuti atchule zoletsa chitupa cha visa chikapezeka ndi Russia ndi mongoyembekezera kukusalani izo kwa gulu la Eyiti.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale kulunjika malamulo British, zomwe zambiri unalipo mu mawonekedwe a miyambo ndipo zimakhala pokhapo titachitapo mfundo za chisankho ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mtsogoleri wa boma, ndi zina zabwino zina za dongosolo Boma dziko othandiza kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kutchedwa demokalase. Ndi nduna yaikulu ya England (UK) mu nyumba imeneyi ndi munthu wachiwiri pambuyo mfumu.