Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN): cholinga cha chilengedwe, ntchito

Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) - waukulu Interstate gulu ndale ndiponso zachuma derali. ntchito yake monga kuthetsa mavuto ambiri muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za ntchito pa mlingo intergovernmental. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa zaka linakhalapo gululi lakhala kwambiri asandulike kusanduka. Tiyeni chimatanthauza chimene chimapanga Association of Southeast Asia Nations, ndi kupeza zifukwa chilengedwe chake.

Mbiri

Choyamba, tiyeni tione zimene zinachitika Yesu asanachititse mapangidwe a ASEAN.

Prerequisites kwa kaphatikizidwe wa mayiko m'chigawo unayamba kuonekera ngakhale pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndi kupeza ufulu wodzilamulira awo. Koma poyamba njira izi zinali zambiri zankhondo ndiponso zandale, osati chuma. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti metropolises akale, ngakhale anapatsidwa madera ake ufulu, koma pa nthawi yomweyo akuyesa kuti asataye andale mu dera ndi kuteteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ankhanza chikominisi m'gawo la Indochina.

The chifukwa cha zolinga awa anali zikamera mu 1955-1956, asilikali ndale bloc wa SEATO, amene amathandiza chitetezo gulu m'chigawochi. gulu zikuphatikizapo limati zotsatirazi: Thailand, Philippines, Pakistan, Australia, United States, France, United Kingdom. Komanso, unit anagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Republic of Korea ndi Republic of Vietnam. Koma mgwirizano asilikali ndale sunakhalitse. Kumayambiriro kwa zinafika mayiko, ndipo potsiriza linathetsedwa mu 1977. chifukwa wakhala zochepa chidwi zochitika za mphamvu kale atsamunda ku dera, United States anataya nkhondo Indochina, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa m'maulamuliro Communist zingapo za mayiko.

Zinali zoonekeratu kuti mgwirizano mu maziko asilikali ndale ndi sunakhalitse ndi akanthawi chikhalidwe. Mayiko m'chigawo anafuna kusakanikirana pafupi zachuma.

masitepe koyamba kwa uyu anatengedwa mu 1961 pamene bungwe unapangidwa ASA. Amaphatikiza boma Philippines, Federation of Malaysia ndi Thailand. Komabe, ichi poyamba anali ndi wogwirizana zachuma ankavala kufunika sekondale mwachibale kwa SEATO.

ASEAN Education

Buku ASA kumayiko limati ena m'chigawo kumvetsa kuti mgwirizano chuma ayenera kukodzedwa onse territorially ndi qualitatively. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu 1967 mu la Thai likulu Bangkok, mgwirizano yosainidwa linkadziwika ASEAN Declaration. signatories ake, kupatula anthu a m'mayiko ASA ovomerezeka Nthumwi zoimira boma la Singapore ndi Indonesia. Ndi mayiko asanu amenewa pa chiyambi cha ASEAN.

1967 ankaona kuti nthawi imene kuyamba kugwira ntchito Association of Southeast Asia Nations.

Zolinga gulu la

Ndi nthawi kupeza zomwe chandamale nthawi mapangidwe ake anathamangitsa Association of Southeast Asia Nations. Iwo akhala anakonza mu pamwambapa ASEAN Declaration.

Zolinga zikuluzikulu za gulu akufulumiza mphamvu ya chitukuko chuma ziwalo zake, kuphatikiza pakati pawo ndi mgwirizano muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za ntchito, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtendere mu dera, kuchuluka kwa malonda mkati mwa Association.

Cholinga chilichonse awa umalimbana kukwaniritsa lingaliro lonse - kukhazikitsidwa kwa chuma dera.

ASEAN

Pakali pano, mayiko 10 zikuphatikizapo Association of Southeast Asia Nations. The zikuchokera gulu popangidwa ndi mamembala awa:

• State Thailand;
• Federation of Malaysia;
• Philippines;
• Indonesia;
• mzinda boma la Singapore;
• Sultanate wa Brunei;
• Vietnam (SRV);
• Lao (Lao PDR);
• Union of Myanmar;
• Cambodia.

Oyambirira asanu a m'mayiko amenewa anali anayambitsa ASEAN. Enawo zimapita ku bungwe m'mbiri yonse ya chitukuko.

Kukula kwa ASEAN

The Sultanate wa Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar ndi Cambodia analembedwa ASEAN mu zaka kudza. States m'chigawo ambiri akukopeka mu kusakanikirana mangawawo.

State wa Brunei anali dziko loyamba m'chigawo, amene anagwirizana oyambitsa asanu ASEAN. Izo zinachitika mu 1984, pafupifupi mwamsanga pamene dzikolo linalandira ufulu wodzilamulira kuchoka ku Britain.

Koma inalowa la Brunei anali wa khalidwe limodzi. Pakati - theka lachiwiri la 90s wa mayiko angapo anagwirizana ASEAN, ndipo izi sizikusonyeza mumaganiza zina ndi kutchuka kwa umembala mu bungwe.

Mu 1995 membala wa ASEAN kuti Vietnam - Dziko limene kasamalidwe zinali zochokera mfundo Marxist. Tikumbukenso kuti pamaso maiko yekha kuti anali maziko a chitukuko cha ASEAN anatenga chitsanzo Western. Kulowa mu bungwe la dziko chikominisi anasonyeza pa kuzama njira kusakanikirana mu dera ndi pa patsogolo mgwirizano zachuma pa kusiyana pandale.

Mu 1997, Association of Southeast Asia Nations wodzilemekeza ndi anthu awiri. Iwo anali Laos ndi Myanmar. Woyamba wa iwo ndi dziko kuti wasankha mtundu chikominisi chitukuko.

Pa nthawi yomweyo gulu anayenera kulowa Cambodia, koma chifukwa cha chipwirikiti cha ndale kuti likuchedwa 1999. Komabe, mu 1999, chirichonse anapita bwino ndi boma wakhala membala chakhumi cha ASEAN.

Udindo amasangalatsa ndi Papua New Guinea, Timor East ndi ena. Komanso, mu 2011, Timor East ali anagonjera ntchito ofunda kwa nzika zenizeni mu bungwe. Pamene ntchito ili podikira.

amazilamulira

Tiyeni tikambirane ASEAN dongosolo ulamuliro.

Thupi wapamwamba wa Association ndi pamwamba pa mitu ya boma, pakulowamo. Kuyambira mu 2001, iye wakhala pachaka, ndipo isanafike nthawi ya msonkhano bungwe Kamodzi pa zaka zitatu. Komanso, mgwirizano umachitika mu mtundu wa misonkhano ya oimira Mautumiki a Affairs okhonda wa maiko nawo. Iwo pachaka. M'zaka zaposachedwapa makamaka anayamba kutenga malo a msonkhano ndi anthu a mautumiki ena, monga ulimi ndi chuma.

kasamalidwe panopa zokhudza ASEAN anaikizidwa Secretariat za bungwe ili Jakarta, Indonesia. Mutu wa thupilo ndi Mlembi General. Komanso, ASEAN ali makomiti dazeni zaka zitatu ndi magulu oposa zana ntchito.

Zocitika za ASEAN

Taganizirani malangizo yaikulu ya ntchito gulu.

Panopa chikalata zofunika amene walandiridwa monga maziko kudziwa wonse njira chitukuko cha bungwe ndi mabwenzi mkati mwake, ndi pangano Mukalowa mu Bali, nthumwi za mayiko nawo.

Kuyambira 1977 kudalowa zotsatira pa pangano malonda pakati pa maiko a dera. The kaphatikizidwe wa mayiko South-East Asia mu chuma zinaonetsera 1992 chilengedwe cha zone a zigawo za malonda free, kudziwika monga AFTA. Akatswiri ambiri amaona kupambana yaikulu ya ASEAN. Apa wa Association, monga phunziro la malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, chikugwira kunena mapangano malonda ufulu ndi China, India, Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand, Japan, ndi Republic of Korea ndi maiko ena.

Mu 90 oyambirira lapadera anali kuopseza ulamuliro chuma ndi ndale ya United States m'chigawochi. Iwo anayesa kuletsa Malaysia. Dziko akufuna kulengedwa kwa Council, womwe, popanda mayiko ASEAN anali China, Korea South ndi Japan. Bungweli anali kuteteza zolinga dera. Koma ntchito sakanakhoza akuyendera, popeza anakumana kukana ouma ku US ndi Japan.

Komabe, China, Korea ndi Japan akadali zinatha kubwera kwa ntchito ya Association. Chifukwa chaichi, izo unakhazikitsidwa mu 1997 gulu la "ASEAN kuphatikiza atatu".

wina pulogalamu kwambiri ndi ntchito kuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi kukhazikika ndale m'derali. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1994, anayamba kugwira ntchito Forum pa nkhani chitetezo, wotchedwa ARF. Komabe izo, mamembala a gulu sanafune kutembenukira ASEAN mu bloc asilikali. Mu 1995, iwo anasaina mgwirizano, amene anazindikira South East Asia dera lopanda zida za nyukiliya.

M'gulu nazonso mwachangu kuthana ndi mavuto zinthu zachilengedwe.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Komanso pazachuma a m'derali, komanso kuzama mgwirizano ndi maiko ena mu Asia-Pacific dera patsogolo kwa ASEAN m'tsogolo. pulogalamu lakonzedwa kuti litsatira ASEAN Single Community, anakhazikitsidwa mu 2015.

Ntchito ina ya bungwe posachedwapa - kugwirizanitsa kusiyana mu vuto la zachuma pakati pa anthu ake. Thailand, Singapore ndi Malaysia dziko chuma ndi zotsogola mayiko ena m'chigawo. Ndi 2020 izo anakonza kuchepetsa lisaoneke.

Mtengo wa gulu

kufunika ASEAN cha chitukuko cha ku Asia South-East ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Popeza penipeni, Association ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo Asia kwambiri m'mbuyo anagwirizana chiwerengero cha kutsogolera osati pa dziko lapansi koma dziko. Komanso kwambiri chepetse chiwerengero cha nkhondo m'chigawochi. Kukula kwa zilumikizano za chuma pakati pa anthu a Association kumathandiza kuti chitukuko.

Zolinga za bungwe - kukwaniritsa ndi nsonga ngakhale zofunika kwambiri.